Nuclear Materials and Energy
·
2023
·
IF 2.6
Xin Chen,Yichao Gong,Kun Kang,Yuefei Wang,Jiarui Li,Zhaokun Li,Tao Wu,Guojun Zhang
Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 4 SiO 4 ceramics have been regarded as promising tritium breeders due to their numerous merits. In this work, chitosan was employed as an effective binder to provide adhesion of Li 2 TiO 3 particles to Li 4 SiO 4 particles, resulting in Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 4 SiO 4 ceramics with improved performance. Chitosan could be removed during the sintering process and had little influence on the phase composition. The resulting Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 4 SiO 4 ceramics had higher density (92.5%T.D.), greater crushing loads (115.2 ± 20.8 N) and superior thermal properties (3.61 W/m∙K) when compared to the samples prepared without chitosan. SEM analyses displayed a dual-scale structure and the inter- and trans -granular fracture mode. Thermal cycling tests revealed that the phase composition was stable but the crushing load fell slightly. The crushing load remained at 92.4 ± 17.1 N after 12 cycles. Overall, chitosan plays an important role in the amelioration of interface combination between Li 4 SiO 4 and Li 2 TiO 3 , and thus significantly improve density, crushing load and thermal conductivity of Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 4 SiO 4 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核能工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Baiyun Cheng,Qilai Zhou,Shengming Yin,Kaixuan Zhu,Yasuhisa Oya
Lithium ceramics are regarded as potential candidates for tritium breeding in fusion reactors. Lead (Pb) was added to the ceramic to improve the strength and tritium release properties. The Li 2 TiO 3 -0.5Li 4 SiO 4 –Pb ceramic powders with the Pb contents of 5 wt% and 20 wt% were prepared by microwave-induced solution combustion synthesis . It was confirmed that the Pb was in the form of the Li 2 PbO 3 phase in the powders. The Li 2 TiO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , and Li 2 PbO 3 crystallites were composited at nanoscale level, which was confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During high-temperature sintering, the Li 2 PbO 3 was transformed into PbO, which facilitated the densification process at low temperatures. The chemical state in the sintered body was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with 3 keV Ar + sputtering. The binding energies for Pb were 137.2 and 142.2 eV. There was almost no change in peak position during Ar + sputtering, showing that Pb was firmly adherent with oxygen atoms. Besides, the as-synthesized powders were used for the pebble fabrication. The average crush load of Li 2 TiO 3 -0.5Li 4 SiO 4 –20%Pb pebbles sintered at 1223 K was 124 N, which was much higher than that without Pb addition. It was proved that the crush load increased almost linearly with the increase in the size of the pebbles. Thus, the bending strength of the sintered ceramic body was used to evaluate the mechanical properties. Further, the grain growth kinetics was studied. It was confirmed that the Pb addition reduced the activation energy of grain growth, which realized the densification of the ceramic pebbles at low temperatures.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核能工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2020
·
IF 3.83
Yichao Gong,Junjie Li,Lin Liu,Lei Xu,Jie Cui,Guojun Zhang,Tiecheng Lu
Improving the lithium density and performance of lithium-based ceramics is the main direction for the development of advanced tritium breeder. In this work, the previously used polymers or organics were replaced by eutectic LiNO 3 –LiCl in wet process for preparing spherical green body, and then Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles were fabricated through molten salt assisted sintering. The eutectic salt used herein was eco-friendly and had little effect on the Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles. Instead, the incorporation of eutectic salt improved the lithium density and sinterability of Li 4 SiO 4 . The prepared Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles exhibited well-grained microstructure, and the grain size increased with the increasing contents of eutectic salt. Compressive tests showed that the crush load increased more than five times when 20 wt% eutectic salt was added. The proposed method may have great prospects in the preparation of tritium breeding materials.
研究领域:
核科学与技术
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Yichao Gong,Jiarui Li,Lin Liu,Zhaokun Li,Longchao Zhuo,Guojun Zhang
Multiphase composites of lithium ceramics have emerged as a prominent area of research in the development of advanced solid tritium breeding materials. In this study, Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 2 SiO 3 co-doped Li 4 SiO 4 ceramic pebbles were prepared through an in-situ reaction between Li 4 SiO 4 and TiO 2 . The objective of this study is to enhance the thermal cycling stability of Li 4 SiO 4 by impeding the grain boundary migration of Li 4 SiO 4 under high temperature conditions. The effects of the in-situ generated Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 2 SiO 3 particles on the microstructure, crush load and thermal cycling stability of Li 4 SiO 4 ceramic pebbles were investigated. The in-situ formed Li 2 TiO 3 and Li 2 SiO 3 particles effectively hindered the grain growth and minimized the formation of large intracrystalline pores in Li 4 SiO 4 . At a sintering temperature of 900 °C, the Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 2 SiO 3 particles are beneficial in increasing the crush load of Li 4 SiO 4 ceramic. However, at lower sintering temperatures, their impact was counterproductive. An increase in the volume fractions of the Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 2 SiO 3 had a positive effect on grain refinement but a negative effect on crush load. The Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 2 SiO 3 co-doped Li 4 SiO 4 ceramic pebbles exhibited excellent structural stability during thermal cycling. The optimum mechanical stability was achieved at a TiO 2 addition of y = 0.1. The in-situ generated fine second phase particles effectively impeded grain boundary migration at high temperatures, providing a viable strategy for improving the thermal stability of Li 4 SiO 4 tritium breeders.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核能工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 21
·1-13
·
IF 2.8
Su Congxue,Tao Wenlong,Chen Lianchun,Che Haiyan,Wang Ruijuan,Fan Jun,Qin Xingliu,Chen Zhilin,Fang Liang
Orthorhombic olivine-structured LiTmRO 4 (R = Si, Ge) ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state reaction. Promising microwave dielectric properties of ε r = 8.18, τ f = 13.7 ppm/°C and a high-quality factor ( Q × f ) of 24,274 GHz for LiTmSiO 4 were obtained at 1130 °C, and ε r = 8.67, τ f = − 24.4 ppm/°C and Q × f = 19,231 GHz for LiTmGeO 4 were achieved at 1090 °C. According to the bond valence results, Tm 3+ and Ge 4+ presented a compressed state, but Li + exhibited a strong rattling state in LiTmGeO 4 , which led to a higher ε r than ε theo . The integrated effect of the rattling cations (Li + and Si 4+ ) and a compressed cation (Tm 3+ ) in LiTmSiO 4 resulted in a smaller positive deviation ∆ ε r . The larger packing fraction of LiTmSiO 4 contributed to a higher Q × f than that of LiTmGeO 4 . The R–O bond in both ceramics played a leading role in influencing Q × f according to the Phillips–Van Vechten–Levine chemical bond theory.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Congxue Su,Haiyan Che,Wenlong Tao,Yang Yang,Ruijuan Wang,Zhaohui Wang,Xingliu Qin,Haibin Li,Jun Fan,Liang Fang
Orthorhombic olivine-structured LiMSiO 4 (M = Ho, In) ceramics were synthesised using the solid-state reaction. Promising microwave dielectric properties of ε r = 10.04, τ f = 23.3 ppm/°C and a high-quality factor ( Q × f ) of 11,415 GHz for LiHoSiO 4 were obtained at 1050 °C, and ε r = 7.78, τ f = −46.8 ppm/°C and Q × f = 23,390 GHz for LiInSiO 4 were achieved at 1140 °C. According to the bond valence result, Ho 3+ presented a slightly compressed state but Li + and Si 4+ exhibited a strong rattling state in LiHoSiO 4 , which led to higher ε r than the ε theo . The integrated effect of rattling cations (Li + and In 3+ ) and a compressed cation (Si 4+ ) in LiInSiO 4 resulted in a small positive deviation Δ ε r . The larger packing fraction of LiInSiO 4 contributed to a higher Q × f than LiHoSiO 4 . The Si–O bond in both ceramics played a leading role in influencing the Q × f according to the Phillips−Van Vechten−Levine chemical bond theory.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
无机化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Science Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 9
·
IF 12.5
Xinshui Zhang,Yihang Yang,Ruixin Hao,Yue Zhang,Xiangchen Hu,Hongsheng Shi,Zheyu Yang,Jiameng Yu,Xin Chen,Chang Zhang,Na Yu,Tianyi Gao,Ran Wei,Zhenbo Zhang,Yi Yu,Wei Liu
Textured ceramics with anisotropic ionic conductivity are poised to establish superior ion transport pathways in solid-state electrochemical devices. However, their preparation methods remain a challenge. Here, we develop a gas-solid reactive sintering technique that successfully fabricates a variety of textured lithium ceramics, including electrolyte and electrode materials. These textured lithium ceramic electrolytes exhibit large columnar grains perpendicular to the surface. The textured electrodes indicate an out-of-plane crystallographic texture. As a result, the Li-ion transport pathways across the grain boundary plane are avoided in the textured lithium ceramic with low tortuosity, resulting in great ionic conductivity enhancement by 42 times compared to its traditional equiaxed counterpart. In addition, both Monte Carlo simulation and finite element analysis support the experimental results. This innovative gas-solid reactive sintering technique can extend to prepare various structured and functional ceramics with tailored structures and properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Jie Chu,Jialin Guo,Yafei Guo,Benshuai Guo,Pu Huang,Zhouzhou Zhang,Chuanwen Zhao
Integrating CO 2 capture and utilization (ICCU) in the production of syngas for the C1 chemical industry through ICCU-RWGS (reverse water–gas shift reaction) is a vital strategy for achieving carbon reduction, and designing highly active dual-functional materials (DFMs) capable of CO 2 adsorption and in-situ conversion is crucial. Alkaline lithium ceramics with high availability, featuring high CO 2 capture and catalytic performance, are promising DFMs candidates for ICCU-RWGS. Herein, lithium ceramics of Li 5 FeO 4, Li 6 CoO 4 and Li 6 ZnO 4 were prepared via solid state synthesis as potential DFMs for ICCU-RWGS applications, and structure-property-activity relationships of the lithium ceramics DFMs in ICCU were discussed. The Li-Zn sample with high surface basicity and high density and uniform dispersion of active sites demonstrated a high CO 2 uptake (7.71 mmol CO 2 /g), CO yield (6.52 mmol CO/g), CO 2 conversion (84.9 %) and CO selectivity (∼100 %) as well as moderate CO 2 adsorption and hydrogenation kinetics at 650 °C, 10 %CO 2 and 40 %H 2 , making it a promising candidate for ICCU-RWGS. However, the Li-Zn DFMs exhibited poor cyclic ICCU-RWGS working stability due to lithium sublimation and crystal sintering at high temperatures, which deserves more future efforts to solve the dilemma. Our findings provide valuable insights into designing cost-effective DFMs for ICCU applications.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
·
2021
·
IF 1.453
Maoqiao Xiang,Jie Zheng,Shaofu Li,Chaoquan Hu,Jingyi Cui,Yingchun Zhang,Qiang Qi,Fen Yue
Lithium-based ceramic tritium breeders would attack the blanket structural materials and produce brittle corrosion layers, causing potential safety hazard. Herein, coated breeders were proposed as advanced tritium breeders to address the issue. Carbon (C), titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbide (TiC) were investigated as inert protective shells because they show excellent stability and chemical compatibility with Li 2 TiO 3 and Li 4 SiO 4 . Moreover, for the first time, the C and TiN coated Li 2 TiO 3 and Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles were successfully fabricated by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) process, which would significantly decrease the brittle corrosion layers and increase the safety. The deposition behavior and interface reactions were systemically investigated.
研究领域:
核能科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Yuefei Wang,Yichao Gong,Man Yang,Jianqi Qi,Guojun Zhang,Tiecheng Lu
The advancement of Li 4 SiO 4 ceramics with enhanced performance represents a crucial research area within the domain of solid-state tritium breeding materials. However, the mechanical and physical properties of Li 4 SiO 4 are severely constrained by the challenge of balancing between densification and grain refinement. In this study, a ceramic with a high density and a distinctive cauliflower-like nanostructure is proposed. Specifically, Li 4 SiO 4 nanopowders with varying oxygen vacancy contents were obtained via the mechanical alloying process. The issues of low diffusivity and abnormal grain growth during the sintering of Li 4 SiO 4 ceramics were effectively addressed through the nonstoichiometrically activated sintering method. The resulting Li 4 SiO 4 ceramics exhibited a high relative density (90.21 % T.D.), exceptional mechanical strength (104 N), high thermal conductivity (2.98 W/m·K at room temperature and 1.91 W/m·K at 500 °C), and good ionic conductivity (4.20 × 10 −4 S/m). The findings indicated that the oxygen vacancies in Li 4 SiO 4 powders increased with the prolongation of the mechanical alloying period. This increase contributed to enhanced relative density, crushing load, and thermal conductivity of Li 4 SiO 4 ceramics, with only a slight decline in ionic conductivity. Concurrently, the oxygen vacancies in the ceramics were almost entirely annihilated by sintering under an air atmosphere. In conclusion, the utilization of nonstoichiometrically activated sintering offers significant advantages in the fabrication of tritium breeding ceramics with superior comprehensive characteristics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核能工程
·
固态物理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Additive Manufacturing
·
2022
·
IF 11.632
Fang Su,Yu Liu,Cheng Zhang,Zhongqiang Luo,Jiwei Cao,Zhiyuan Liu,Pei Wang,Changyong Liu,Zhangwei Chen
This study presents a novel combined generative shaping and material-forming (GSM) approach for preparing tritium breeder units for fusion reactors using 3D printing technology . For the first time, defect-free lithium-rich Li 4 SiO 4 porous structures were successfully prepared by combining photopolymerization and reaction sintering processes based on the use of low-cost Li 2 CO 3 and SiO 2 ceramic powders . Investigation was conducted on the preparation of the ceramic powder-based mixture slurry as well as the photopolymerization 3D printing and reaction sintering processes . Li 4 SiO 4 -based porous lattice ceramics with high purity, no obvious defects, and adjustable packing fraction were fabricated. The mechanical properties of the samples prepared with different packing fractions were then evaluated. The prepared samples showed better mechanical properties than the pebble bed structures with similar packing fractions. At a packing fraction of 92.10%, the crushing strength and elastic modulus reached 186.49 ± 0.04 MPa and 16.47 ± 0.03 GPa, respectively. These results show that the combination of photopolymerization 3D printing and reaction sintering processes based on the use of low-cost ceramic powders has significant advantages in terms of flexibility and efficiency in structure design and fabrication and cost-effectiveness in material forming with enhanced performance, providing a promising route to produce high-performance tritium breeder structures for fusion technologies. In particular, the present combined method also paves a promising generalized way to enable effective generative structure-shaping and material-forming in the advanced ceramic manufacturing industry, not to mention that the preparation of high-performance Li 4 SiO 4 tritium breeder units for fusion technologies.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
增材制造
·
陶瓷工程
·
核聚变技术
·
先进制造
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）