APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 4.439
Zhenhua Liu,Zeyan Wang,Qilong Sun,Ying Dai,Baibiao Huang
Owing to the tunable coordinated ligands in the covalently terminated (such as H or other organic groups) group IV graphane analogues (GAs), i.e., silicane, germanane, stannanane, the electronic structures, stability and other related properties in these materials can be rationally tuned. In this work, the methyl-terminated germanane GeCH 3 , synthesized through a solvothermal process by using the Zintl phase CaGe 2 crystal as precursors, is reported as a new class of covalently terminated photocatalyst. In contrast to the H-terminated germanane GeH, the GeCH 3 photocatalyst shows enhanced photocatalytic performance during both hydrogen generation and the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm). The higher photocatalytic activity of GeCH 3 can be attributed to its higher surface area, lower charge transfer resistance and preferable electronic structures comparing to GeH with H termination. Our work indicates 2D GAs could be an attractive platform for high efficient photocatalysts with tunable properties, which could be potentially applied in many fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2022
·
IF 11.072
Yingjie Xu,Hongying Xia,Qi Zhang,Wuchen Cai,Guiyu Jiang,Libo Zhang
Germanium-containing dust as an intermediate by-product in the process of zinc hydrometallurgy , which often contains a large number of heavy metal substances. Due to the constraints of economic benefits and process technology, green and efficient treatment of germanium-containing dust is always a great challenge. In this work, XRD , ICP-OES, XPS , SEM and other characterization methods were used to analyze the existing state and quantity of main substances in germanium-containing dust. It was found that the occurrence state of germanium was closely related to sphalerite . At the same time, longer reaction time would lead to continuous hydrolysis of silicate, which would eventually affect the recovery of zinc, germanium and lead and the fixation of toxic substances. Therefore, the ultrasonic enhanced ammonium persulfate oxidation process was proposed to control the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of germanium-containing dust. The final results showed that more than 95% of zinc and 89% of germanium were efficiently recovered, and heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium were fixed in the liquid, and then concentrated in the purification and impurity removal stage. The residue after reaction is high-grade lead sulfate residue, which can be returned to the lead smelting system for recycling. In summary, the ultrasonic-enhanced ammonium persulfate process eventually makes all substances in germanium-containing dust harmless and resource treatment.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 9.9
Xianwei Mo,Hao Huang,Caixia Sun,Zhenyu Zhang,Jiahong Wang,Shengyong Geng,Paul K. Chu,Xue-Feng Yu,Wenxin Liu
Inspired by the bifunctional phototherapy agents (PTAs), constructing compact PTAs with efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects in the near-infrared (NIR-II) biowindow is crucial for high therapeutic efficacy. Herein, none-layered germanium (Ge) is transformed to layered Ge/germanium phosphide (Ge/GeP) structure, and a novel two-dimensional sheet-like compact S-scheme Ge/GeP in-plane heterostructure with a large extinction coefficient of 15.66 L/g cm −1 at 1,064 nm is designed and demonstrated. In addition to the outstanding photothermal effects, biocompatibility and degradability, type I and type II PDT effects are activated by a single laser. Furthermore, enhanced reactive oxygen species generation under longer wavelength NIR laser irradiation is achieved, and production of singlet oxygen and superoxide radical upon 1,064 nm laser irradiation is more than double that under 660 nm laser irradiation. The S-scheme charge transfer mechanism between Ge and GeP, is demonstrated by photo-irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy and electron spin resonance analysis. Thus, the obtained S-scheme Ge/GeP in-plane heterostructure shows synergistic therapeutic effects of PTT/PDT both in vitro and in vivo in the NIR-II biowindow and the novel nanoplatform with excellent properties has large clinical potential.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米医学
·
生物医学工程
·
癌症治疗
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·
IF 2.299
Misganaw Alemu Zeleke,Dong-Hau Kuo,Osman Ahmed Zelekew,Albert Daniel Saragih
Ge-substituted Cu 2 Sn(S,Se) 3 bulks with Cu 2 (Sn 1- x Ge x )(S,Se) 3 formula at x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 were synthesized by reactive liquid phase sintering , where the heating process was held at 200 °C for 20 min before reaching the sintering temperature of 600 °C for 30 min. In the presence of volatile Sb 2 S 3 sintering aid , the effects on densification , grain boundary, crystalline size, and electrical properties of Ge-substitution were investigated. Cu 2 (Sn 1- x Ge x )(S,Se) 3 showed p-type behavior for all x values. It was found that the mobility was increased sharply and carrier concentration was decreased rapidly as the x -value was increased. The electrical conductivities were found to be 14.0, 22.7, 36.8, 126, and 153 S/cm at x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks were shifted to the higher angle and band gaps increased upon successive increasing of the Ge/[Ge+Sn] fraction being 1.19, 1.21, 1.22, 1.24, and 1.26 eV at x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively. The studies of Ge-x-CTSSe bulks were based on Ge Sn defects and supported by the data of morphological, structural, electrical, and optical properties .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TALANTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Yukun Huang,Guangyu Chen,Biao Fu,Yingfu Si,Peng Li,Yijun Cao,Lingkun Rong,Chunjie Zhao
This study developed a rapid and efficient graphite furnace digestion combined with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method, enabling precise quantification of germanium (Ge) in coal and various coal-derived metallurgical byproducts across a broad concentration level (∼ppm-n%). The graphite furnace digestion conditions were examined intensively as a function of the acid amounts of HNO 3 and HF (5–10 mL), temperature (80–180 °C), time (1–5 h), and acid drive methods (H 3 BO 3 neutralization versus heating). Coal references including SARM 19, SARM 20, NIST SRM 1632e, and fly ash standard NIST SRM 2689 were tested. The optimum recovery of germanium was obtained when the HNO 3 dosage, HF dosage, solid sample mass, temperature, and duration time were 10 mL, 5 mL, 0.1 g, 80 °C and 1 h. Agreement of 95.15–96.54 % between the measured and certified value was obtained under the optimum conditions. The spiked recovery was 103.23–103.54 %, indicating the matrix-analytes interactions were negligible. Boric acid neutralization reduced the recovery rates to 47.2–49.3 % and was not be appropriate for driving HF. The optimal spectral line for determining Ge is at a wavelength of 265.117 nm, at which the limit of detect and the limit of quantification were 0.46 μg L −1 and 1.53 μg L −1 , respectively. The applicability of the method was validated by quantifying Ge in Ge-rich lignite, fly ashes (FA), and chlorinated distillation residue (CR) samples. The concentration of Ge in coals was 44.75–225.41 μg g −1 , the content in FA was 0.68%–2.3 %, and the content in CR was 0.18 %, with the uncertainty of the method obtained being less than 0.5 %. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) was used to verify the results. The difference between XRF data and ICP-OES data was less than 5 %, confirming the accuracy and reproductivity of the analytical method.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Zidong Tan,Yong Zhen,Chang Wei,Xin Jin,Xingbin Li,Gang Fan,XingGuo Luo
In this study, germanium was selectively extracted using an organic phase containing 3% C7-9 hydroxamic acid (YW100), 15% Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), 35% Tri(octyl-decyl) amine (N235), and 47% kerosene from the Ge-slag sulfuric acid leaching solution. Then, the solution was stripped by the 1 mol/L NH4F solution to obtain a germanium extraction ratio of 99.4% and a stripping ratio of 96.2% after three extraction and stripping stages. The total organic carbon (TOC) was used to characterize the total organic matter amount in the raffinate. Compared to the “YW100 + D2EHPA” extraction system, the “YW100 + D2EHPA + N235” extraction system reduced 80% of the water solubility loss of YW100 and improved the phase separation performance. In addition, the mechanisms of germanium extraction and phase separation improvement were studied. The coordination number of YW100 and germanium is 3, while the coordination number of D2EHPA is 1.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 5.467
Baihui Zhai,Shan Zhu,Qiang Tian,Na Li,Minhao Yan,Mark J. Henderson
The present study concerns the removal of thorium and uranium from aqueous solution, and particularly the effect of clay particle size and morphology on the adsorption of polynuclear actinide complexes by synthetic saponite nanoscale powders. Saponites were synthesized from a reactant mixture containing aluminum nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and either sodium silicate or sodium germanate . The saponite powders were analyzed by TEM , XRD , SAXS , N 2 -adsorption-desorption isotherms and FT-IR. Ge-saponite contained randomly stacked platelets ≈ 100 nm long and 80 nm wide, while Si-saponite showed roughly spherical agglomerates ≈ 60–80 nm in size. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicated a hierarchical pore network among the plates and their agglomerates. Thorium polymers composed of fractal aggregates of branched filaments were characterized by synchrotron radiation-SAXS. The distribution coefficient ( K d mL/g) values for thorium (20 μg/mL) at pH 4 were: Ge-saponite (10 5 ) ≈ Si-saponite (10 5 ) > raw saponite (10 4 ) ≈ raw saponite (washed) (10 4 ). The K d values for uranium (20 μg/mL) at pH 5.5 were: Ge-saponite (10 3 ) ≈ raw saponite (washed) (10 3 ) ≈ Si-saponite (10 3 ) ≈ raw saponite (10 3 ). The difference in uranyl adsorption performance observed between the two nanoparticle forms of saponite was attributed to a larger pore width for Ge-saponite (3.5 nm) compared with Si-saponite (0.8 nm). The results have implications for mineral ore tailings containing thorium(IV) and, by analogy, Pu(IV) in a clay buffer environment within a geological repository for high-level nuclear waste .
研究领域:
环境科学
·
放射化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2020
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-8
·
IF 12.121
Xu Hong-Lei,Tkachenko Nikolay V.,Wang Zi-Chuan,Chen Wei-Xing,Qiao Lei,Muñoz-Castro Alvaro,Boldyrev Alexander I.,Sun Zhong-Ming
Sandwich-type clusters with the planar fragment containing a heterometallic sheet have remained elusive. In this work, we introduce the [K(2,2,2-crypt)] 4 {(Ge 9 ) 2 [ η 6 -Ge(PdPPh 3 ) 3 ]} complex that contains a heterometallic sandwich fragment. The title compound is structurally characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which reveals the presence of an unusual heteroatomic metal planar fragment Ge@Pd 3 . The planar fragment contains a rare formal zerovalent germanium core and a peculiar bonding mode of sp 2 -Ge@(PdPPh 3 ) 3 trigonal planar structure, whereas the nonagermanide fragments act as capping ligands. The chemical bonding pattern of the planar fragment consists of three 2c-2e Pd-Ge σ-bonds attaching Pd atoms to the core Ge atom, while the binding between the planar fragment and the aromatic Ge 9 ligands is provided by six 2c-2e Pd-Ge σ-bonds and two delocalized 4c-2e σ-bonds. The synthesized cluster represents a rare example of a sandwich compound with the heteroatomic metal planar fragment and inorganic aromatic capping ligands.
研究领域:
无机化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2022
·
IF 8.025
Xin Wang,Xinyu Sun,Tong Bu,Ke Xu,Lihua Li,Mingyan Li,Ruixia Li,Li Wang
The elaborate design of an ingenious hydrogel-assisted photothermal therapy (PTT) platform is a promising strategy for treating bacterial wound infections. Herein, a new generation of germanene nanocrystals (Ge NCs) with excellent photothermal performance are prepared via an ice-bath sonication liquid-phase exfoliation technique. Whereafter, by crosslinking interaction between chitosan and zinc acetate, as well as self-assembly property between Ge NCs and chitosan, we successfully construct an innovative germanene-modified chitosan antimicrobial hydrogel (CS/Ge NCs 0.8 ) integrating capture and killing bacteria performances. When co-cultured with bacteria, CS/Ge NCs 0.8 hydrogel with the positive charge can adsorb and restrict bacteria in the range of PTT destruction. Once the near-infrared laser is introduced, CS/Ge NCs 0.8 hydrogel will effectively convert light energy into localized heat, further inducing bacterial death. By this entirely novel modality, CS/Ge NCs 0.8 hydrogel exhibits marvelous antibacterial property against E. coli and S. aureus in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate that CS/Ge NCs 0.8 hydrogel possesses the ability to significantly rescue S. aureus -induced skin wound infections, suggesting CS/Ge NCs 0.8 hydrogel can be served as an antibacterial dressing. Strikingly, this is the first-ever report of CS/Ge NCs 0.8 hydrogel in the antibacterial field, which may spur a wave of developing Ge-based biomaterials to benefit biomedical applications.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2020
·
IF 3.83
Misganaw Alemu Zeleke,Dong-Hau Kuo
The quaternary chalcogenide Cu 2 Zn(Sn 1-x Ge x )(S,Se) 4 bulks, where x is G e / [ G e + S n ] molar ratios of 0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 were synthesized via reactive liquid phase sintering at 600 °C for 30 min in the tube furnace and characterized systematically. Together with Sb 2 S 3 as a reactive liquid phase sintering aid, the effects of Ge incorporation on densification, grain boundary, crystal phase purity, crystalline size, and electrical properties were studied. The morphology of the resulted Cu 2 Zn(Sn 1-x Ge x )(S,Se) 4 bulk was found to be more densified and compacted at G e / [ G e + S n ] molar ratio of 0.15 compared to the rests. The X-ray diffraction peaks were shifted towards a higher angle as Ge fraction was increased. The hole concentrations for the entirely p-type bulks were determined to be 3.67 × 10 18 , 1.40 × 10 18 , 1.28 × 10 18 , and 8.90 × 10 17 cm −3 at G e / [ G e + S n ] molar ratios of 0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45, respectively. The effects on conductivity and mobility were consistent with their interrelations. Hence, the synthesis and study of Ge incorporated Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 bulk using powder technique allows identifying the composition which is expectedly more important for the fabrication of thin film solar cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
太阳能电池技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 77
·73156-73159
·
IF 3.289
Wu Yi,Ding-Bang Xiong,Wang Zhang,Huilan Su,Qinglei Liu,Jiajun Gu,Shenmin Zhu,Di Zhang
Ge photonic crystals were synthesized by replicating butterfly wings with GeO2 via a facile liquid phase deposition followed by a reducing process. The reflectance spectra of the Ge photonic crystals show a broad peak at wavelengths of 700–800 nm and angle-dependent peak positions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Shizhe Chen,Weinan Dong,Weisong Zhao,Wen Qiang,Xiangxiang Chen,Bao Guo,Kaixi Jiang
Germanium is one of the strategic scattering metals, and recovering a minor concentration of scattering metals from zinc concentrate’s leaching solution is an essential resource worldwide. Practically, neutralizing precipitation and the subsequent dissolution are implemented to enrich scattering metals from zinc leaching solution, facilitating further extraction of Ge and others. Silicon poses significant challenges to the efficient extraction of Ge due to their similar chemical property and the inert nature of silica. However, the evolution of the Ge occurrence state, especially its relationship with Si, during the precipitation and dissolution process in zinc hydrometallurgy is unclear, and there is a lack of an effective method to separate Si/Ge. This paper started with a detailed characterization and leaching behavior of Ge-enriched residue obtained from the plant, followed by a systematic investigation of Ge behavior in synthetic Si/Ge binary and Fe/Si/Ge ternary systems. Eventually, options for Ge enrichment from zinc leaching solution and Si/Ge separation are recommended, providing a practical framework for mitigating the negative influence of Si on the extraction of Ge in zinc hydrometallurgy. The significant findings are that Ge/Si are both presumably co-adsorbed by Fe(OH) 3 colloids upon neutralization to pH 5 of zinc leaching solution, which could be acid redissolved at the unrealistically high liquid-to-solid ratio of 200/1 at the practically meaningful liquid-to-solid ratio of 5/1, Si concentration is high enough to quickly condense and polymerize, resulting the formation of silica precipitate and permanent encapsulating of Ge into silica; interestingly, the Si-O-Ge bonding becomes weakened with pH increasing up to alkaline region and Ge leaching rate exceeding 80% at pH 10, effectively separating Ge from SiO 2 .
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）