Royal Society Open Science
·
2018
·Vol. 5
·期 8
·
IF 2.504
Liuyi Ren,Hang Qiu,Wenqing Qin,Ming Zhang,Yubiao Li,Penggang Wei
The existence of metal ions should not be ignored in both hydrometallurgy and flotation. In this study, the effects of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+ on the flotation performance of cassiterite using octanohydroxamic acid (OHA) as the collector were investigated by micro-flotation tests, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle, zeta (ζ) potential measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The results of the flotation and contact angle experiments showed that the addition of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+ significantly decreased both the recovery and contact angle of cassiterite with pH ranged from 6.0 to 12.0 in the presence of OHA collector. ζ-Potential measurements, solution chemistry analysis and FTIR measurements indicated that the flotation recovery of the cassiterite declined due to the CaOH+, MgOH+ and Fe(OH)3 sites on the cassiterite surface. XPS results indicated that the chemisorption of OHA and calcium ions on the cassiterite surface finally changed its chemical properties. The AFM images also revealed that new species Fe(OH)3 of Fe3+ formed and adsorbed on the cassiterite surface at pH 9.0. The adsorption of Fe(OH)3 reduced the adsorption of OHA on the cassiterite surface, thus the hydrophobicity of cassiterite was deteriorated.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2021
·
IF 4.765
Xun Wang,Jie Liu,Yimin Zhu,Yanjun Li
To achieve the efficient flotation separation of cassiterite from fluorite, an eco-friendly depressant, the disodium salt of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (Na 2 ATP), was employed for the selective depression of fluorite. The performance of Na 2 ATP as a depressant in the flotation of cassiterite and fluorite was evaluated by micro-flotation experiments in a sodium oleate (NaOL) system. The flotation tests revealed that Na 2 ATP significantly depressed the flotation of fluorite compared to that of cassiterite, and excellent separation was achieved using 1.0 mM Na 2 ATP and 0.14 mM NaOL at pH 8.02. Moreover, the mechanism of the selective depression Na 2 ATP on the two minerals was revealed by surface analyses, revealing that chemisorption between the phosphate group of Na 2 ATP and the calcium ions on the fluorite surface was responsible for the selective adsorption of Na 2 ATP on fluorite, and the significant pre-adsorption of Na 2 ATP onto the fluorite surface impeded the further adsorption of NaOL. However, because Na 2 ATP was adsorbed on cassiterite by physisorption, which is relatively weak, the strong chemisorption of NaOL on cassiterite occurred regardless of pre-treatment with Na 2 ATP. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption mode of Na 2 ATP to be “horizontal” and to occur at multiple calcium-ion sites on the fluorite surface. In summary, Na 2 ATP is a suitable high-efficiency depressant for the separation of cassiterite from fluorite by direct flotation.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2021
·
IF 4.765
Xun Wang,Jie Liu,Yimin Zhu,Yanjun Li
Cassiterite is the most purist tin-containing mineral and plays a dominative role in the tin resources. Owing to the limited selectivity of conventional collectors, the efficient separation of cassiterite from fluorite is normally difficult. Herein, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) was employed as an eco-friendly depressant to selectively depress the flotation of fluorite. The flotation experiments were conducted to evaluate the separation efficiency of the two minerals, and the results showed that cassiterite and fluorite could be efficiently separated at the flotation reagent scheme of 15 mg/L PBTCA and 20 mg/L NaOL when pH was 8.04. Furthermore, a series of detection and simulation technologies including wettability analysis, zeta potential measurement, FTIR analysis, XPS analysis and DFT calculation were performed to uncover the underlying adsorption and depression mechanism of PBTCA on cassiterite and fluorite. These further analyses indicated that PBTCA could be chemisorbed on the fluorite surface through the interaction between the phosphate group in PBTCA and the calcium sites in fluorite. Moreover, the adsorption of PBTCA on fluorite surface would intensively inhibit the adsorption of NaOL. However, PBTCA was only weakly adsorbed on the cassiterite surface and could not affect the interaction between NaOL and cassiterite. Finally, a most likely adsorption model of PBTCA onto fluorite surface with the “mono-polar group” interaction was proposed by DFT calculations.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 5.107
Guichen Gong,Pan Wang,Jie Liu,Yuexin Han,Yimin Zhu
The effect and mechanism of Cu(II) on the flotation separation of cassiterite from fluorite using styrene phosphonic acid (SPA) as a collector were investigated by flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and density function theory (DFT) calculations. SPA showed good collecting ability for both cassiterite and fluorite, and Cu(II) could intensively and selectively depress fluorite. At pH 4.0, using 100 mg/L SPA as the collector and 5 × 10 −4 mol/L Cu(II) as the inhibitor, a tin concentrate with a grade of 92.3% SnO 2 and a recovery of 85.6% was obtained for an artificially mixed sample which contained 47.86% SnO 2 . Zeta potential and XPS analyses indicated that Cu(II) was anchored on cassiterite surface but not on fluorite surface, and Cu(II) hindered the adsorption of SPA on fluorite but had negligible influence on the adsorption of SPA cassiterite. DFT calculations confirmed that the affinity between Cu(II) and SPA is much stronger than that between Cu(II) and fluorite surface, and the adsorption of SPA on cassiterite surface was not weakened by the presence of Cu(II). Consequently, it was inferred that Cu(II) consumed the collector SPA in the pulp, and the flotation of cassiterite was unaffected but fluorite was depressed by Cu(II). Therefore, Cu(II) is an effective inhibitor for the flotation separation of cassiterite from fluorite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
·
计算化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Qifang Zheng,Liuyang Dong,Peilun Shen,Dianwen Liu
Citric acid (CA) exhibits weak inhibitory on some oxidized gangue minerals owing to its relatively few hydrophilic polar groups ( OH and COOH). This study investigate the synergistic mechanism of ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) to enhance both the selective adsorption capacity and stability of CA. The separation of scheelite and cassiterite through a flotation process was successfully achieved using a Fe 2+ /CA mixed depressant. Micro-flotation test results revealed that with the addition of Fe 2+ /CA, 84.60 % of scheelite and 23.64 % of cassiterite were recovered in the foam concentrate, with grades of 66.26 % and 17.73 %, respectively. Fe 2+ /CA had a strong depressing effect on cassiterite, resulting in a 69.30 % decrease in its recovery and a 20.33 % decrease in its grade. This indicates the effective separation of scheelite from cassiterite. Fe 2+ /CA exhibited a high adsorption affinity for the cassiterite surface, which mainly comprised L 3– , Fe 2+ , and FeOH + components. Additionally, the FeOH + complex, formed from the pre-reaction between Fe 2+ and CA, exhibited significant chemical adsorption at the Sn active sites, thereby depressing cassiterite. The high-intensity adsorption peaks at cracks and the significant increase in the normalized intensity of FeOH + on the cassiterite surface indicated that the FeOH + complex had stronger adsorption on cassiterite and selectively depressed cassiterite. This enhanced both the selective adsorption capacity and stability of CA on the cassiterite surface. The Fe 2+ /CA mixed depressant achieved efficient flotation separation of scheelite and cassiterite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2021
·
IF 4.539
Xun Wang,Jie Liu,Yimin Zhu,Yanjun Li
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate disodium salt (Na 2 ATP) was used as the efficient depressant for the separation of cassiterite from calcite . The effect of Na 2 ATP on the flotation of cassiterite and calcite was evaluated by the micro-flotation experiments, and the results showed that an excellent separation performance was achieved at the reagents regime of 1.0 mM Na 2 ATP and 0.14 mM NaOL when pulp pH was 9.11. Moreover, the adsorption and depression mechanism of Na 2 ATP on calcite was investigated via a series of surface analyses. The contact angle analysis and zeta potential measurements showed that Na 2 ATP was strongly adsorbed onto the calcite surface rather than cassiterite surface, and that could still significantly enhance the hydrophilicity of the calcite after conditioned with NaOL. The FTIR analysis and XPS analysis results indicated that the interaction between Na 2 ATP and calcite was the chemical binding, and the calcium atom on the calcite surface and the phosphate group of Na 2 ATP was the major reaction unit in this processing. Furthermore, the pre-adsorption of Na 2 ATP on calcite surface would impede the interaction between NaOL and calcite, but the adsorption of NaOL on cassiterite surface could not be affected by the weak physical adsorption of Na 2 ATP. Therefore, Na 2 ATP could be utilized as a potential depressant for removing calcite from cassiterite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
环境科学
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Yonghong Xu,Lingyun Huang,Mei Zhang,Jianhan Zhou,Bo Hu,Louyan Shen,Jian Liu,Dandan Wu,Siyuan Yang
The challenging separation of cassiterite from calcite by flotation stems from their similar floatability, requiring innovative combined collectors to improve process efficiency and selectivity. Here, a novel PTPA/FeCl 3 collector was developed by synthesizing p- tert -butylphenylhydroxamic acid (PTPA) with FeCl 3 . Microflotation tests showed that using PTPA alone yielded 81.80% SnO 2 and 45.87% CaO recoveries, whereas PTPA/FeCl 3 increased SnO 2 recovery to 89.51% while reducing CaO to 27.02%, demonstrating superior separation efficiency. Contact angle measurements confirmed enhanced cassiterite hydrophobicity from the mixed collector. SEM-EDS and XPS analyses revealed effective chemisorption of PTPA/FeCl 3 on cassiterite, where PTPA and FeCl 3 formed a stably adsorbed chelate complex. In contrast, calcite exhibited weak and unstable adsorption. The mixed collector thus combines strong collecting capability with high selectivity for cassiterite over calcite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Yuqi Miao,Jianyong He,Xinran Zhu,Guangli Zhu,Shaohang Cao,Guixia Fan,Guosheng Li,Yijun Cao
Current research has trouble explaining the selective flotation mechanism realized by metal ions, which hinders the advancement of effective flotation techniques. In this work, the selective activation flotation of cassiterite from quartz with Pb 2+ is taken as an example to illustrate the pivotal roles of surface hydroxyls in selective flotation. Accordingly, flotation, adsorption amount, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements and systematic first-principles calculations have been used to investigate the roles of hydroxyl groups on the selective adsorption of Pb 2+ . The obtained flotation, adsorption amount, and XPS test results consistently show that the Pb 2+ can more strongly interplay with cassiterite than quartz resulting in selective flotation of cassiterite from quartz. The electron localization functional results illustrate that the electron localization of oxygen of Si-O bonds is stronger than the Sn-O bond resulting in the weaker electron migration ability (high hardness) of oxygen atoms of quartz than oxygen atoms of cassiterite. This makes the cassiterite surface hydroxyl groups less hard than quartz. Further crystal orbital Hamilton population and partial density of states show that the Pb 2+ interacts with the oxygen atoms on cassiterite forming chemical bonds before and after the adsorption of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA). On the other hand, the interaction of Pb 2+ with quartz is physical in the presence of BHA. The strong adsorption of Pb 2+ on cassiterite makes it easier for BHA adsorption which accounts for the selective flotation of cassiterite from quartz. This work sheds new light on establishing a consistent and dependable theory that the hardness of surface hydroxyls is the original factor affecting the selective adsorption of metal ions on oxide mineral surfaces.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
材料科学与工程
·
理论化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Yongchao Miao,Shuming Wen,Zhenhao Guan,Qicheng Feng
In this study, the flotation tests revealed that ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMPA) as a calcite inhibitor has a stronger depression effect than EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) in the cassiterite flotation process, and the selective depression mechanism of EDTMPA was revealed by zeta potential test, TOC test, XPS analysis and DFT calculation . The flotation test results showed that effective separation of cassiterite and calcite could be achieved at pulp pH of 9.0, NaOL concentration of 1.80 × 10 −4 mol/L and EDTMPA concentration of 1.25 × 10 −5 mol/L. The selective adsorption of EDTMPA on the calcite surface was ascribed to the strong interactions between the phosphate ions in the former, and the surface Ca 2+ ions on the latter’s crystal lattice . DFT calculations also confirmed the strong affinity of EDTMPA for calcite and its weak affinity for cassiterite. The results of this study provide an experimental and theoretical background for the sustainable and eco-friendly separation of cassiterite from calcite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
AICHE JOURNAL
·
2023
·Vol. 69
·期 5
·e18023
·
IF 3.7
Qing Sun,Yan Dong,Shuai Wang,Zhanfang Cao,Xin Ma,Hong Zhong
Modified surfactants can regulate their adsorption at the target surface and are essential for various separation applications such as froth flotation. Thioether-containing hydroxamic acid (BTHA) is an excellent oxidized-ore collector with poor dispersibility. Herein, acylamino, which possesses the ability to improve the surfactants' self-assembly and dispersion, was introduced to synthesize N-[6-(hydroxyamino)-6-oxohexyl] benzylthioacetamide (BTAHA); thus, applying it to cassiterite flotation. Surface tension, adsorption capacity, in situ AFM, and surface energy results reveal BTAHA displays strong bubble stability and readily adsorbs onto the mineral's surface, promoting hydrophobic flotation. BTAHA is an effective cassiterite collector and has good separation effects on cassiterite against calcite. It can form Van der Waals forces and five-membered hydroxamate-(O,O)-Sn rings with Sn atoms on cassiterite surfaces via thioether and hydroxamate groups. Meanwhile, the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bond between the amide groups facilitates the self-assembly of the collectors on the cassiterite surface, and has broad industrial application prospects in various separation processes.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
界面化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Separations
·
2024
·Vol. 11
·期 4
·95
·
IF 2.5
Chenyang Yao,Yachao Li,Peng Li,Xiaokui Che,Guosheng Li,Fanfan Zhang,Weijun Peng,Bozeng Wu,Guixia Fan
This paper presents the development of an environmentally friendly, small molecular depressant citrus pectin for improving the recovery of cassiterite resources. Citrus pectin extracted from citrus peel was utilized as the depressant, and it demonstrated significant potential in separating calcite from cassiterite in micro-flotation tests. The molecular weight of the citrus pectin extracted in this paper decreased from 11,485,412 Da to 32,959 Da compared to commercial pectin, resulting in the depressant efficiency of the reagent. The results of a zeta potential and adsorption test indicated that citrus pectin had less and weaker adsorption on the cassiterite surface and could be replaced with NaOL. The chemical adsorption process of citrus pectin on the surface of calcite was determined through FTIR spectroscopy analysis. XPS analysis results indicated that the interaction between the carboxyl groups of citrus pectin and calcium atoms enables adsorption to occur. The AFM revealed that citrus pectin displayed a uniform and dense pattern of point-like adsorption on the surface of calcite. Micro-flotation experiments showed that cassiterite recovery of 80% can be obtained at a citrus pectin dosage of 10 mg/L. Citrus pectin has the advantages of being low-cost, highly selective, and environmentally suitable, making it a promising alternative to conventional reagents.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
环境科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2021
·
IF 4.765
Yang Cao,Xiong Tong,Xian Xie,Qiang Song,Wenjie Zhang,Yunpeng Du,Shengdong Zhang
Grinding plays an important role in the beneficiation process. Different grinding media can determine the size distribution, shape, and even the surface properties of the produced material. However, comprehensive research related to the effect of grinding media on the flotation performance of cassiterite is lacking. In the current study, the effects on the flotability of the products obtained by grinding with ceramic and stainless steel media were investigated using micro-flotation, laser particle size distribution analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), chemical element analysis, zeta potential measurements, field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The micro-flotation results demonstrate that the flotability of stainless steel ground cassiterite surpasses that of ceramic. The laser particle size distribution test reveals that the two grinding media do not have a strong impact on the particle size distribution. The ICP-OES and chemical element analysis results identify the higher iron content in the samples and pulp of stainless steel ground cassiterite as the principle influencing factor. The zeta potential analysis indicates that the dissolved iron ions absorbed on the cassiterite surface results in a positive shift of the mineral surface potential. This not only reduces electrostatic repulsion but also increases the active sites of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) chemisorption. FESEM-EDS results demonstrate the rougher surface and higher iron content of the stainless steel ground cassiterite compared to the ceramic ground cassiterite, thereby increasing the SHA adsorption. The stainless steel grinding cassiterite was observed to alter the chemical environment of Fe species on the cassiterite surface via XPS analysis, with Fe 2+ exhibiting a stronger reactivity and stability towards SHA compared to Fe 3+ . Thus, the stainless steel media ground cassiterite demonstrates an improved flotability performance compared to the ceramic equivalent.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）