Here we present an anti-CD3 loaded PLGA/ALG/CHI Mg micromotor systems, with degradable constituents and Mg-water reaction propulsion, thus ensuring a superior biocompatibility. Porous hydrogel formed by ALG/CHI offers high capacity of antigen loading, along with biocompatibility. By efficient loading of anti-human CD3 as an antigen and activating the calcium ion channel of Jurkat T cell, vital for immunotherapy, the motor system extends the application scope of micro/nanomotor systems from cargo (drug) delivery to interaction with the biointerface and immune activity modulation.
Postoperative recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM) is a key contributing factor to the unfavorable prognosis of patients. Chemotherapy has been extensively employed as a postoperative treatment for GBM; however, the produced drug resistance significantly undermines the chemotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, a multifunctional system based on magnesium micromotor (Mg-Motor-DOX) is designed and fabricated that can generate hydrogen gas in situ and actively deliver the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). Utilizing a temperature-sensitive hydrogel, Mg-Motor-DOX is administrated in situ to the residual cavity of the tumor after subtotal GBM resection. The produced H 2 by the Mg-water reaction not only propels the motion of motors but also functions as an antioxidant to effectively alleviate the neuroinflammation caused by GBM resection. The H 2 bubbles create a pronounced vortex flow in situ, greatly enhancing the DOX penetration and the sensitivity of GBM cells to DOX. Therefore, synergistic hydrogen-chemotherapy significantly inhibits the recurrence of the in situ GBM model. RNA-Seq technology further elucidates the role of the strategy in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment via converting cold tumors into hot tumors, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the clinical implementation of synergistic hydrogen-chemotherapy.