Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Jie Wang,Chaowu Wang,Qibo Zhang
Recycling secondary resources that are rich in valuable metals can help reduce dependence on primary metal ores, foster sustainable industrial development, and enhance the resilience of the metal resource supply chain. This study presents a facile solvent extraction strategy for the efficient recovery of cobalt and nickel from spent choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG, Ethaline) deep eutectic solvent (DES) using bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphonic acid (Cyanex272) as the extractant. By integrating a water-modification approach with pH regulation, the viscosity of the Ethaline system is significantly reduced, while the coordination structures of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions are altered from [CoCl 4 ] 2 ⁻ and [Ni(EG) 3 ] 2+ to [CoCl 2 (H 2 O) 2 (EG) 2 ] 0 and [NiCl(H 2 O) 2 (EG) 2 ] + . This dual modification enables selective extraction with recovery efficiencies exceeding 99 % for both metals, achieving a separation coefficient ( β Co²⁺/Ni²⁺ ) of 9550. Mechanistic insights from density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the preferential extraction of Co(II) stems from its more negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG Co(II) = -0.21 kJ/mol vs. ΔG Ni(II) = -0.04 kJ/mol) during complexation with saponified Cyanex272. Furthermore, the regenerated Ethaline and Cyanex272 exhibit exceptional stability, maintaining > 95 % extraction efficiency over 10 cycles. This work advances solvent extraction technology by demonstrating a synergistic water-pH strategy for DES-based systems, offering a facile and scalable pathway for recycling metal-laden DES-based electrolytes in industrial applications.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 18.5
Tianchi Liu,Zidi Yan,Weiwen Xin,Yanglansen Cui,Haoyang Ling,Zhehua Zhang,Shengyang Zhou,Ke Li,Xiang-Yu Kong,Lei Jiang,Liping Wen
Recycling of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for both resource recovery and environmental sustainability. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as an eco-friendly leaching agent, offer a promising alternative to mineral acids for the metal recovery. However, current DES-based systems primarily focus on binary LiCoO 2 batteries and suffer from complex leaching conditions, including high operation temperature, long reaction time. Herein, a dual-function green solution is synthesized using choline chloride and tartaric acid, enabling direct precipitation of nickel (Ni) and separation of cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and lithium (Li) within 50 min at 100 °C, without requiring additional reducing agents throughout the process. The recovery efficiency of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn reached 99.2%, 97.3%, 94.4%, and 94.1%, respectively, while the purity of Ni products approached 99.9%. The used system is suitable for recycling various types of ternary batteries. Additionally, both theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that Ni ions exhibit superior binding energy and coordination with DESs compared to other ions, attributed to the synergistic effect of strong interaction and stable chelation. This research offers a promising method for the replenishment of essential metal resources.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2025
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IF 5.3
Haokai Peng,Zuoying Cao,Shengxi Wu,Qinggang Li,Mingyu Wang,Xinsheng Wu,Wenjuan Guan,Guiqing Zhang
As the demand for Ni continues to rise, the recovery of Ni from electroplating sludge leachate has become an effective approach to alleviate supply constraints. However, the presence of impurities such as Cu, Zn, and Ca in the leachate complicates the Ni recovery process. To address these challenges, a novel pyridine group extractant, 2-((dodecylthio) methyl) pyridine (DMPY), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for its synergistic performance with Versatic 10 (C 10 H 20 O 2 ) in selectively extracting Ni. Under optimal conditions, Ni was selectively recovered from electroplating sludge leachate including Cu, Zn, and Ca through three steps of the extraction processes. Mechanistic studies revealed that both DMPY and Versatic 10 anion coordinated with Ni 2+ , providing charge balance, forming the complex [Ni 2+ (DMPY) 2 (C₁₀H 19 O₂ − ) 2 ]. This synergistic solvent system significantly improved Ni extraction efficiency while minimizing reagent consumption. In conclusion, The DMPY-Versatic 10 system offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution, enhancing the hydrometallurgical treatment of polymetallic electroplating sludge and contributing to resource recovery and environmental protection.
研究领域:
湿法冶金
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环境工程
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化学分离
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资源回收
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可持续化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Separations
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2025
·Vol. 12
·期 12
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IF 2.7
Rong Zha,Ying Huang,Ling Zhu,Jiali Tan,Zhenfeng Xiong,Baoyan Chi
Hydroxamic acid extractants, such as LIX984, demonstrate high efficiency in extracting nickel from electron-free nickel waste solutions; however, they suffer from a slow extraction rate. This study investigated the effect of adding 2–5 vol.% of three organophosphate extractants (P507, P204, and Cyanex272) to LIX984. The results show that incorporating 2–5 vol.% of P507 or Cyanex272 significantly improves both extraction efficiency and kinetics. The addition of organophosphate extractants increased the extraction rate by 1.5–10 times, indicating a direct correlation between the extractant content and the acceleration of the extraction process, with higher concentrations yielding faster extraction. Compared to the use of LIX984 alone, where nickel extraction efficiency was only 46%, the addition of 5 vol.% P507 increased efficiency to over 99%, with a substantial improvement in extraction rate. Similarly, 2 vol.% P204 achieved a nickel removal efficiency of 99.8%. In non-electroplating waste solutions (pH 4–6), selective removal of iron and zinc impurities was achieved by first adding 2–5 vol.% P204 or P507, followed by adjusting the pH to 6–7 and using a mixture of organophosphate extractants. The spent electroless nickel plating baths were then treated with LIX984 combined with organophosphoric acid extractants, yielding nickel salt solutions of higher purity. Thus, P507, P204, and Cyanex272 serve as effective promoters for the hydroxamic acid extractant LIX984, resulting in both enhanced nickel extraction efficiency and faster extraction kinetics.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2025
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IF 8.4
Guodong Xu,Junlian Wang,Fei Xu,Guoyong Huang,Shengming Xu,Bin Wu
It is imperative to recover the valuable components of spent HPCs. We have proposed a hydrometallurgical process and recovered 99.9% of V, 99.9% of Mo, and 95% of Al in our previous work. In this study, we focused on the Co and Ni recovery from the alkaline leaching residue of spent HPCs. We characterized the leaching residue by SEM-EDS, XPS, TGA, Laser Particle Size Analyzer, and ICP-OES. The Ni and Co leaching rates both reached around 95% with 2.0 mol/L H 2 SO 4 at 120 °C for 75 min. The impurity of Al in the leachate was removed via solvent extraction with 30% P204 at A/O of 1 and pH equilibrium of 2.0. The Co and Ni in the raffinate was separated via two stages of counter-current extraction with 20% Cyanex 272 at A/O of 1 and pH equilibrium of 5.7. The CoSO 4 and NiO products were characterized by XRD, and there are no impurity peaks. We also did DFT calculations, which show the binding energies of Al 3+ with extractants are in the order of Al 3+ -P204 > Al 3+ -P507 > Al 3+ -Cyanex 272, and Cyanex 272 exhibits the highest difference in binding energies of Ni 2+ and Co 2+ . The process of Ni and Co recovery from the alkaline leaching residue of spent HPCs was proposed. Only 8 t CO 2 and 120 kg SO 2 emissions were generated during all the component recovery per ton of the spent HPCs using our proposed process. They are much less than pyro-hydrometallurgical processes.
研究领域:
环境科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2022
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IF 9.136
Kai Yan,Peisen Huang,Mingzhu Xia,Xingen Xie,Lin Sun,Wu Lei,Fengyun Wang
With the continuous promotion and application of electroless nickel plating technology, the environmental pollution caused by heavy metals nickel and phosphorus in the spent bath becomes more serious. It is challenging to develop a method for the treatment of a spent electroless nickel plating bath with the high-efficiency recovery of Ni 2+ and synchronous removal of HPO 3 2- , no secondary pollution, and low energy consumption. Herein, a means that absolutely incorporates the ascendancy of two single treatment methods, called a combination of electrodialysis and electrodeposition , was used to treat the spent electroless nickel plating bath. The effects of current density, operation time, pH value of the spent bath, dilution multiple, flow rate, and electrolyte (Na 2 SO 4 ) concentration on the recovery, removal rate, and energy consumption were investigated. Then, the reusability of the ion-exchange membrane was studied. The experimental results indicated that the recovery of Ni 2+ was 82.34%, the removal of HPO 3 2- was 51.61%, the energy consumption of this method was only 18.28 Wh/kg, and the stability of the anion exchange membrane was desirable. Overall, the study of this combined process provides a basis for the one-step treatment of spent electroless nickel plating bath by a comprehensive method and an idea for engineering the application of handling spent bath.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.1
Li Zhongchen,Tian Qinghua,Wang Qinmeng,Zulhan Zulfiadi,Wang Songsong,Hidayat Taufiq,Guo Xueyi
With the depletion of high-quality nickel sulfide ore resources, the reliance on laterite nickel ore as a primary raw material for nickel production has increased. The pyrometallurgical process for laterite nickel ore mainly yields ferronickel, which is used predominantly in stainless steel production and falls short of the needs of the burgeoning new energy sector. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a new process for producing nickel matte through sulphidizing smelting of laterite nickel ore. The study examines the impact of various parameters, including the sulfurizing agent, reducing agent, flux, and the proportion of ore, on the slag liquidus temperature and nickel and cobalt recovery ratios. The findings reveal that when maintaining the original system with a m (SiO2) /m (MgO) ratio of 1.2, the slag composition remains outside the liquid phase region when altering the CaO content. Increasing the CaO content expands the m (SiO2) /m (MgO) value range for the slag composition within the liquid phase region. Optimized conditions show that with an m (SiO2) /m (MgO) ratio of 2.5, 10 pct CaO addition, 6.5 pct sulfiding agent addition, 4 pct reducing agent addition, p O 2 at 10 −9 atm, and an SO 2 gas flow rate of 4 mL/min, the nickel and cobalt recovery ratios reach 98.72 and 81.92 pct, respectively. Most of the iron transitions to the slag phase, with 79.80 pct entering the slag and 20.20 pct remaining in the nickel matte. The resulting nickel matte contains 19.41 pct Ni, 0.84 pct Co, and 28.39 pct S, primarily comprising nickel-iron, nickel matte, and iron matte phases.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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提取冶金
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矿物加工
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2025
·
IF 9
Wensen Liu,Yuxiang Du,Lanxuan Wei,Xiaolin Peng,Yaoxian Hu,Binbin Zhou,Yan Li,Shenghuan Liu,Zhaowu Zhu,Hui Su
Solvation extraction (metal extraction via a solvation mechanism) enables the recovery of multiple metal ions (e.g., Li, Co(II), Zn, Mn(II)) from chloride solutions without alkali consumption or waste production. However, effective alkali-free Ni(II) extraction reagents are lacking, leading to obstacles throughout the recovery route. In this study, three pyridine carboxamides, namely, N-2-ethylhexylpyridine-3-formamide (MEH3), N-2-ethylhexylpyridine-4-formamide (MEH4), and N, N-bis(isooctyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide (DH4) were used to extract Ni(II) and Co(II) without pH adjustment, and the results showed that the order of extraction ability for Ni(II) is MEH3 > MEH4 > DH4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the extraction ability of Ni(II) may be related to the binding energies of the Ni(II) complexes. The MEH3 system was selected as the optimal choice for Ni and Co recovery from the chloride leaching solutions of the NCM battery materials. Using 178.8 g/L Mn(II) as a salting-out agent, >99 % Ni(II) and 99 % Co(II) were extracted in three-stage batch continuous tests at an O/A ratio of 7:1. The concentrations of Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Cu(II) in the organic phase during the first stage were 3.9, 1.7, 1.1, and 0.3 g/L, respectively, and Ca, Mg, and Al impurities were barely extracted. Ni(II) and Co(II) were stripped using deionised water. Under an O/A of 15:1, the single-stage stripping efficiency of Ni(II) and Co(II) reached 88.5 % and 98.3 %, respectively, with concentrations reaching 47.0 and 7.5 g/L, respectively. Mn(II) and Li in the solution were co-extracted and recovered using a TBP (tributyl phosphate) /FeCl 3 extraction system. Based on these results, a closed-loop process for recovering Ni, Co, and Mn from spent NCM battery materials is proposed.
研究领域:
冶金
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环境工程
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化学工程
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材料科学
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可持续技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Muhammad Akram,Zahira Bano,Seerat Ul Ain Bhutto,Jingwen Pan,Ahmed Uddin,Muhammad Zaheer Afzal,Linrui Li,Mingzhu Xia,Fengyun Wang
This study was conducted to address water pollution concerns entwined with electroless nickel plating (ENP) industry. Its principal endeavor centers on the development and application of an innovative single-compartment technique to proficiently treat spent ENP baths. The research demonstrated the recovery of Nickel (Ni) from wastewater through synergistic interactions between electrocatalytic oxidation and electrodeposition processes. Electrochemical tests used a direct current power supply in constant current mode, with the positive pole on IrO 2 /Ti mesh and negative pole on stainless steel. Zero-valent nickel recovered on the electrodes was conclusively identified via SEM, XRD, and EDS analyses. This work carefully examined the impact of initial pH, initial Ni ion concentration, and current density (CD) on electrochemical recovery efficiency. The findings suggest that higher current densities positively influence the Ni recovery ratio. Additionally, through meticulous experiments, the viability of this approach for treating spent ENP baths has been confirmed. An impressive 98.88% recovery of Ni was achieved under specific conditions: CD 4.5 mA cm −2 , experimental time 180 min, pH 4.5, electrodes spacing 1.5 cm, temperature 55 °C, and a dilution factor 10 times. The study demonstrated the process for Ni recovering from ENP wastewater through direct oxidation and subsequent decomposition, leading to liberation of free Ni ions. The recovered substance, identified as zero-valent nickel, adheres to the electrodes. The method employed in this research is described by its cost-effectiveness, user-friendliness, and low energy consumption. As a result, this study makes valuable contributions to both wastewater remediation and the sustainable utilization of Ni resources.
研究领域:
环境科学
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废水处理
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电化学
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材料科学
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可持续资源管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL PAPERS
·
2018
·Vol. 73
·期 3
·583-589
·
IF 0.963
He Dongmei,Cao Zuoying,Zhang Guiqing,Zeng Li,Li Qinggang,Guan Wenjuan
Nickel is one of the most important strategic metals. With the depletion of high-grade nickel sulfide ores, electroplating wastewater as a kind of secondary resources, its utilization has great significance in nickel recycling industries. A novel extractant, [(2-ethyl-hexylamino)-pyridin-4-yl-methyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester (L) was synthesized and used with D2EHPA (di-2-ethyl-hexyl phosphoric acid) to extract and recover nickel from simulation electroplating wastewater. The optimum conditions were determined by single-stage extraction process, and the extraction efficiency and the selectivity of Ni could be greatly enhanced by synergistic binary mixture of L–D2EHPA system. The coordination mode of Ni-extracted complex was studied through the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was cued that Ni ions might be coordinated with the N atom from the pyridine ring of L and the O atom of P=O in D2EHPA. Moreover, hydrogen bonds between the O atom of P=O in D2EHPA and the H atom of water molecules might be formed.
研究领域:
环境工程
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化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）