Xianglong Meng,Lu Li,Kan Li,Pin Zhou,Hongbo Zhang,Jinping Jia,Tonghua Sun
A facile transportation fuel reductive and extractive desulfurization process is studied using polyethylene glycol as extraction solvent , which is economical and environmental friendly, and sodium borohydride as reductant in this work. Several important parameters including sodium borohydride and nickel chloride dosage, stirring rate, temperature and polyethylene glycol/oil volume ratio are investigated. The total sulfur desulfurization efficiency for the simulated fuel reaches nearly 97% in this process after 1 h reaction at the temperature of 10 °C with sodium borohydride/sulfur molar ratio = 15, nickel chloride/sulfur molar ratio = 3, polyethylene glycol/oil volume ratio = 1. Furthermore, the desulfurization efficiency can be enhanced to 99% in a two-step desulfurization process. All components were detected by GC or GC-MS, and the possible desulfurization mechanism is deduced. The results show that sulfur compounds can be removed by direct desulfurization. The desulfurization performance of recycled polyethylene glycol and regenerated polyethylene glycol was also investigated and the desulfurization efficiency was 92% and 90% respectively, indicating polyethylene glycol can be regenerated in this process. Finally, actual transportation fuels (e.g. gasoline, diesel) were investigated and it revealed that polyethylene glycol and sodium borohydride can be applied in actual fuel extractive and reductive desulfurization.
NiAl-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) coatings grown in-situ on AZ31 Mg alloy were prepared for the first time utilizing a facile hydrothermal method. The surface morphologies, structures, and compositions of the NiAl-LDH coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), three dimensional (3D) optical profilometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that NiAl-LDH coating could be successfully deposited on Mg alloy substrate using different nickel salts, i.e., carbonate, nitrate, and sulfate salts. Different coatings exhibit different surface morphologies, but all of which exhibit remarkable enhancement in corrosion protection in 3.5 wt % NaCl corrosive electrolyte. When nickel nitrate was employed especially, an extremely large impedance modulus at a low frequency of 0.1 Hz (|Z|f= 0.1 Hz), 11.6 MΩ cm2, and a significant low corrosion current density (jcorr) down to 1.06 nA cm−2are achieved, demonstrating NiAl-LDH coating’s great potential application in harsh reaction conditions, particularly in a marine environment. The best corrosion inhibition of NiAl-LDH/CT coating deposited by carbonate may partially ascribed to the uniform and vertical orientation of the nanosheets in the coating.
A biomass-based catalyst for catalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction process of heavy oil was prepared. The experimental results showed the viscosity of oil sample reduced from 508800 mPa.s to 22230 mPa.s (50 ℃) with 0.2wt% biomass-based catalyst at 320 ℃ for 30 min, and the viscosity reduction was up to 95.63%. The content of resin was significantly reduced by 10.1% after reaction under the optimal conditions. Furthermore, composition analysis, FT-IR analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis of the biomass-based catalyst were characterized in detail. In addition, FT-IR analysis, elemental analysis and SEM analysis were employed to evaluate the properties of oil sample. Further, influence mechanism of biomass-based catalyst on catalytic upgrading process of heavy oil was expounded through viscosity change, SARA analysis, 1 H-NMR analysis, weight average molecular weight and average particle sizes analysis, and the above analysis results revealed that under the catalytic action of organic nickel salt, the presence of non-acidic components in the catalyst could improve the chemical structures of heavy compositions of oil sample. Finally, a possible schematic diagram of catalytic upgrading process was simply depicted in this work.
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