Wearable strain sensors have aroused myriad of interest in the domain of electronic skin, soft robotics, and biomedicine. Organogels for wearable strain sensors require desirable stretchability, sensing stability, self-healing property, and a wide working temperature range. However, the synthesis of such organogels typically involves complex and time-consuming processes. Herein, we proposed a rapid copolymerization method for organogels composed of poly(acrylic acid- co -acrylic amide) (P(AA-co-AM)), phytic acid (PA), liquid metal (LM), and polyethylene oxide (PEO). The dispersion of GaInSn in PA solution (GaInSn-PA) was synthesized and employed to initiate the copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylic amide (AM), which significantly reduced polymerization time to 2–3 min at room temperature. The release of Ga 3+ ions from the LM facilitated cross-linking of P(AA-co-AM) chains through coordination bonds, while also imparted conductivity to the organogel. The synergistic effect between hydrogen bonds and metal coordination bonds extensive within the polymer chains imparted exceptional stretchability (1079 % strain) and self-healing efficiency (98 % at 60 °C) to the organogel. Consequently, the resulting strain sensor demonstrated the ability to accurately monitor both subtle and large human motion, exhibiting remarkable repeatability and durability across a wide temperature range (-20 °C∼40 °C). In addition, the integration of strain sensors on limbs for robotic control through limb movements underscored its practical viability. This optimized fabrication approach and structural design strategy set a new precedent for the development of organogel strain sensors in various applications.
Silicon materials as promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries own a high specific capacity and a low discharge potential, while their application is restricted by their huge volumetric expansion and poor conductivity. In this study, a self-healing GaInSn–MS/Si hybrid electrode using an additive of microencapsulated gallium- liquid metal (GaInSn) with high electrical conductivity and mobility (LM microcapsule) was fabricated via an aqueous casting process. With the added LM microcapsule in the GaInSn–MS/Si hybrid electrode, the dispersed GaInSn could not only avoid its oxidation into a solid-state gallium oxide with decreased conductivity but also make it easy for uniform dispersion and quick fluidity. Consequently, the constructed self-healing GaInSn–MS/Si anode does not require manual splicing when the anode forms cracks, realizing a spontaneous self-healing performance, and the GaInSn–MS/Si hybrid electrode displays superior cycle stability and structural integrity, which retains a capacity of 806.7 mAh g–1 after 100 cycles at 2.1 A g–1. The constructed self-healing Si electrode structure design via LM microcapsule additives would provide a simple synthesis strategy for manufacturing advanced Si electrodes.
Anode-free sodium batteries (AFSBs) have attracted increasing attention for their high energy density. However, they suffer from rapid capacity decline resulting from sodium dendrite growth at the sodium/host interface and irreversible side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface. Herein, a GaInSn-coated Cu foil (G-Cu), prepared by a simple brush coating method, was applied as the sodiophilic current collector to regulate sodium nucleation behavior. In addition, a nonexpendable functional electrolyte additive, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), was introduced, which could be absorbed on the sodium surface and serve as a protective layer against corrosion side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface. It is interesting to note that this additive barely participated in forming the solid electrolyte interphase. The synergetic effects of sodiophilic interface design and electrolyte regulation enable reversible sodium plating and stripping. Ultimately, the AFSB assembled using G-Cu and HMDSO electrolyte with a highly loaded Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode (≈12.5 mg cm −2 ) delivers a discharge capacity of 84.5 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles with a high capacity retention of 87.6%, significantly extending its operation lifespan.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）