Sm 0.5 Ba 0.5 MnO 3-δ (SBMO) has been synthesized with the Pechini method and investigated as an anode material of solid oxide fuel cells with H 2 and methanol as fuels. A cubic perovskite structure is formed after reduction. The reduction process of SBMO is studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed reduction techniques. The electrical conductivities of an SBMO sample sintered at 950 °C are 1.15 and 0.10 S cm −1 at 850 °C in air and H 2 , respectively. A single cell with an SBMO anode layer and a 300-μm La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3-δ electrolyte layer exhibits a maximum power density ( P max ) of about 150 mW cm −2 at 850 °C with H 2 as fuel. The electrical conductivity of the anode layer with methanol as fuel is improved by the moderate carbon deposition, and the P max increases to about 415 mW cm −2 . The cell fed with methanol also shows a promising stability.
The excellent electrochemical performance of greigite (Fe3S4) coupled with its vast abundance and low toxicity make it a good prospect as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this research, a simple and feasible approach for producing pure phase, small sized, shape-controllable, and stable Fe3S4 nanoplates (NPs) through hot injection of sulfur solution into Fe(III) solution was demonstrated. The growth of Fe3S4 NPs involves the primary formation of a pyrite (FeS2) nucleus and subsequent Fe(III) doping. The lateral size of the Fe3S4 NPs was controlled further by tuning the experimental variable-dependent reactivity of Fe sources in the nucleation and growth stage. The Fe3S4 NPs embedded in LIBs present a low electrochemical resistance and are highly active in lithiation/delithiation processes.
A novel La 0.9 Ca 0.1 Fe 0.9 Nb 0.1 O 3-δ (LCFNb) perovskite for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) anode is prepared by means of the citrate-nitrate route and composited with Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 (SDC) by impregnation method to form nano-scaled LCFNb/SDC anode catalytic layers. The single cells with LCFNb and LCFNb/SDC impregnated anodes both achieve relatively high power output with maximum power densities (MPDs) reaching up to 610, 823 mW·cm −2 in H 2 at 800 °C, respectively, presenting a high potential of LCFNb for use as SOFCs anode. The power outputs of the single cells with LCFNb/SDC composite anode in CO and syngas (CO H 2 mixture) are almost identical to that in H 2 at each testing temperature. This composite anode also presents excellent durability in both H 2 and CO for as long as 50 h, showing desirable anti-reduction and carbon deposition resistance abilities. Besides, the cell output is stable in 100 ppm H 2 S H 2 atmospheres for 20 h at a current density of 600 mA·cm −2 with negligible sulfur accumulation on the anode surface . Hence, a novel iron based perovskite LCFNb anode with remarkable cell performance, carbon deposition resistance and sulfur poisoning tolerance for SOFCs is successfully obtained.
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