Lin Chen,Jingwen Zhou,Junxiang Zhang,Guicai Qi,Bin Wang,Jianli Cheng
High energy density Li-CO 2 batteries have attracted much attention owing to the “two birds with one stone” feature in fixing greenhouse gas CO 2 and providing renewable energy. However, poor reversibility of the discharge product Li 2 CO 3 is one of the main problems that limit its application, resulting in poor cycling stability and severe polarization. Herein, copper indium sulfide (CIS), a semiconducting non-precious metal sulfide, is fabricated as cathode catalysts for high-performance Li-CO 2 batteries. Combined with the synergistic effect of bimetallic valence bonding and coordinated electron transfer, Li-CO 2 batteries using CIS cathodes exhibit high full specific discharge capacity, excellent rate capability and cycle stability, namely it delivers a high specific full discharge capacity of 8878 μAh cm −2 , runs steadily from 10 to 100 μA cm −2 , and performs a stable long-term cycling behavior (>1050 h) under a high energy efficiency of 84% and a low charge voltage of approximately 3.4 V at 20 μA cm −2 within 100 μAh cm −2 . In addition, a flexible Li-CO 2 pouch cell is constructed to reveal the potential of employing CIS to fabricate flexible high energy storage devices in practical applications. This work shows a promising development pathway toward next-generation sustainable energy storage devices.
Lithium–sulfur batteries, as one of promising next-generation energy storage devices, hold great potential to meet the demands of electric vehicles and grids due to their high specific energy. However, the sluggish kinetics and the inevitable “shuttle effect” severely limit the practical application of this technology. Recently, design of composite cathode with effective catalysts has been reported as an essential way to overcome these issues. In this work, oxygen-deficient ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3− x ), prepared by lithiothermic reduction, is used as a low-cost and effective cathodic catalyst. By introducing a small amount of Fe 2 O 3− x into the cathode, the battery can deliver a high capacity of 512 mAh g −1 over 500 cycles at 4 C, with a capacity fade rate of 0.049% per cycle. In addition, a self-supporting porous S@KB/Fe 2 O 3− x cathode with a high sulfur loading of 12.73 mg cm −2 is prepared by freeze-drying, which can achieve a high areal capacity of 12.24 mAh cm −2 at 0.05 C. Both the calculative and experimental results demonstrate that the Fe 2 O 3− x has a strong adsorption toward soluble polysulfides and can accelerate their subsequent conversion to insoluble products. As a result, this work provides a low-cost and effective catalyst candidate for the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries.
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