Insects
·
2026
·Vol. 17
·期 7
·751
·
IF 3
Wei Lu,Ruihao Li,Xiang Yan,Hailong Gao,Yanru Wang,Yubo Jiao,Zongfang Fan,Yujiao Wang
Simple SummaryIn the cotton-growing regions of Xinjiang, China, extensive reliance on conventional insecticides has promoted the development of resistance inLygus pratensis, making its management increasingly challenging. Moreover, excessive pesticide applications have resulted in environmental contamination, pesticide residues, and increased ecological risks. In this study, we evaluated four kinds of microbial-derived pesticides (abamectin, emamectin benzoate,Beauveria bassiana, andMetarhizium anisopliae) mixed with two adjuvants—d-limonene and mineral oil—for the control ofL. pratensis. The results showed that a 30% reduction in the application rate of these pesticides, when combined with appropriate adjuvants, achieved control efficacy comparable to or numerically higher than the corresponding full-rate pesticide treatments, with no significant efficacy loss observed. Notably, reduced-rate treatments combined with adjuvants showed numerically earlier efficacy onset for the two fungal biocontrol agents, which normally act slowly. This study provides a feasible and environmentally friendly strategy to reduce pesticide inputs and achieve sustainable management ofL. pratensisin cotton fields.Systematic field data on adjuvant-amended microbial-derived pesticides againstL. pratensisin arid, high-ultraviolet cotton regions remain scarce. This study systematically evaluated the laboratory toxicity and field efficacy of four kinds of microbial-derived pesticides (abamectin, emamectin benzoate,B. bassiana, andM. anisopliae) and their combinations with adjuvants againstL. pratensisin Xinjiang cotton fields. As a comprehensive regional study, this work elucidates the differential enhancement patterns of d-limonene and mineral oil on antibiotic insecticides and entomopathogenic fungi, providing targeted field data for pesticide reduction strategies. The laboratory toxicity of seven microbial-derived pesticides was determined using the leaf-tube residual film method. Four effective agents were selected and combined with d-limonene or mineral oil for field efficacy trials. Abamectin and emamectin benzoate exhibited rapid and high insecticidal activity, with 48 h LC50values of 1.198 mg/L and 3.424 mg/L, respectively. The two entomopathogenic fungi exhibited slower insecticidal activity than the chemical insecticides but maintained relatively stable control effects throughout the observation period. In field trials, when abamectin or emamectin benzoate was applied at a 30% reduced rate in combination with mineral oil or d-limonene, the control efficacy was equivalent to or higher than that of the full-rate application of the pesticide alone. The treatment of abamectin (4.20 g a.i./hm2) plus mineral oil achieved the highest control efficacy (89.24%) at 3 days post-treatment. ForB. bassianaandM. anisopliae, reduced-rate adjuvant-amended treatments showed numerically higher initial and residual efficacy than the full-rate single-agent fungal treatments. The treatment ofM. anisopliae(7.35 × 1012spores/hm2) plus d-limonene reached 70.50% efficacy at 7 days post-treatment, which was significantly higher than that of the full-rate fungal treatment alone. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed on cotton plants. Under the tested conditions, the rational combination of microbial-derived pesticides with appropriate adjuvants demonstrates the potential for a 30% reduction in pesticide dosage while maintaining or improving field efficacy, providing region-specific reference for the sustainable management ofL. pratensisin Xinjiang cotton fields.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 74
·期 32
·25287-25299
·
IF 6.7
Zhang Renjun,Cao Yueqing,Jin Kai,Xia Yuxian
Metarhizium spp.
are widely used as
biocontrol
agents against insect pests, but the chemical basis underlying their
nematicidal activity remains largely unknown. Here, bioassay-guided
fractionation and GC–MS identified dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)
and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) as the major volatile nematicidal compounds
produced by Metarhizium anisopliae .
Both compounds exhibited concentration-dependent activity against
three plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), with 24 h LC 50 values
of 0.19–1.38 μg/mL for DMDS and 0.04–0.07 μg/mL
for DMTS. In tomato pot trials, the fermentation broth achieved 79.49%
control efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita , significantly higher than abamectin (68.24%). The GFP-labeled fungus
colonized tomato roots and persisted in the rhizosphere for 60 days.
Molecular docking and physiological assays suggested that DMDS and
DMTS disrupt calcium homeostasis, impair mitochondrial function, and
induce ROS accumulation. These findings provide new insight into the
volatile-mediated nematicidal activity of M. anisopliae and support its development as an environmentally friendly bionematicide.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Bingxue Li,Chao Xie,Minghui Yan,Bingwei Chen,Xiangdong Zeng,Xiyue Zhang,Guangyu Yu,Mengxue Luo,Shaoling Zhang,Minsheng You,Shijun You,Lei Xiong
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are key Phase II detoxification enzymes involved in insect xenobiotic metabolism; however, the functional contribution of individual UGT genes to abamectin response in Plutella xylostella remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a candidate gene, PxUGT33W1 , using a combination of molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches. PxUGT33W1 exhibited broad expression across developmental stages and tissues, with elevated transcript levels in the midgut, epidermis, and reproductive organs. Its expression was significantly induced following abamectin exposure in a time-dependent manner, suggesting a stress-responsive pattern. Heterologous expression of PxUGT33W1 in Sf9 cells was associated with increased cellular survival under abamectin treatment, although whether this effect reflects direct enzymatic activity remains to be determined. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PxUGT33W1 was associated with a 3.1-fold increase in larval susceptibility to abamectin, accompanied by a significant reduction in overall UGT activity toward α-naphthol. Furthermore, the knockout strain exhibited reduced fecundity, along with altered expression of vitellogenin ( Vg ), vitellogenin receptor ( VgR ), and juvenile hormone signaling-related genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that PxUGT33W1 may contribute to variation in abamectin susceptibility and reproductive performance in P. xylostella . However, direct biochemical evidence for abamectin metabolism by PxUGT33W1, such as its glycosylation, and the mechanistic basis of the observed phenotypes remain to be established.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2023
·Vol. 30
·期 19
·55200-55213
·
IF 5.8
Feng Huimiao,Zhou Ping,Liu Feixue,Zhang Wei,Yang Haitao,Li Xueqing,Dong Jingquan
Abamectin is a commonly used pesticide in agriculture and fisheries and poses a risk to aquatic species. However, the mechanism of its toxic effects on fish remains to be discovered. In this study, we explored the effects of abamectin exposure at different concentrations on the respiratory system of carp. Carp were divided into three groups, namely the control group, low-dose abamectin treatment group, and high-dose abamectin treatment group. Gill tissue was collected after abamectin exposure for histopathological, biochemical, tunnel, mRNA, and protein expression analysis. Histopathological analysis indicated that abamectin damaged the gill structure. Biochemical analysis showed that abamectin triggered oxidative stress with lowered antioxidant enzyme activities and increased MDA content. Moreover, abamectin led to enhanced INOS levels and pro-inflammatory transcription, activating inflammation. Tunnel results demonstrated that exposure to abamectin induced gill cell apoptosis through an exogenous pathway. In addition, exposure to abamectin activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, leading to inhibition of autophagy. Overall, abamectin caused respiratory system toxicity in carp via triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy. The study suggests that abamectin has a profound toxicity mechanism in the respiratory system of carp, contributing to a better understanding of pesticide risk assessment in aquatic systems.
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2023
·
IF 4.4
Qi Shao,Chunhui Jiang,Xu Chen,Anguan Wang,Linchuan Lu,Liang Chen,Hongfei Lu
In this study, we used purine hydrazone derivatives and coumarin aldehyde to synthesize a novel fluorescent sensor ( EDTP ) by Schiff base reaction, which exhibited significant selective fluorescence quenching of Cu 2+ , and a distinct change from brilliant yellow to red is present along with the solution color. The detection limit of EDTP for Cu 2+ was 109.52 nM. Job's plot experiment, density flooding theory (DFT) and 1 H NMR titration experiments revealed the possible binding mechanism of EDTP to Cu 2+ , the probe EDTP could achieve highly detection of Cu 2+ through forming a 1:1 complex. Additionally, this new fluorescent sensor EDTP -Cu 2+ can be further applied in the rapid and selective detection of pesticide residues in solutions. When the EDTP -Cu 2+ system was subsequently exposed to organophosphorus pesticides (glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium), it was observed that the fluorescence was recovered and accompanied by a red to yellow color change. This may be attributed to the strong chelation of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium with Cu 2+ , leading to the dissociation of the EDTP -Cu 2+ system and thus triggering the fluorescence recovery effect. The detection limits of the EDTP -Cu 2+ system is 2.48 nM for glyphosate and 17.23 nM for glufosinate-ammonium, respectively. Finally, the developed sensor system has been successfully utilized image glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium fluorescence in living cells. Purine fluorescence probes are a potential fluorescent probe for the detection of metal ions and pesticides due to their good characteristics. This study opens up a new way for the detection of fluorescent probes in pesticides.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Zhenyu Li,Mengling Chen,Wenjie Bai,Shuxia Zhang,Liwei Meng,Wei Dou,Jinjun Wang,Guorui Yuan
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are a multifunctional superfamily of enzymes and play an important role in detoxification of various insecticides in insects. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis , is one of the most destructive agricultural pests and has developed different degrees of resistance to organophosphates in field. However, the involvement of BdCarEs in tolerance or resistance to other alternative insecticides are still unclear. In the present study, 33 BdCarEs genes were identified based on the genome database of B. dorsalis . Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that they were classified into nine clades, with abundance of α -esterases. Meanwhile, the sequence characterization and the chromosome distribution were also analyzed. The spatiotemporal expression analysis of BdCarEs genes suggested that the diversity of potential function in different physiological processes . With the exception of BdCarE21 , all BdCarEs genes responded to at least one insecticide exposure, and BdCarE20 was found to be up-regulated after exposure to all five tested insecticides individually. Eight BdCarEs genes were overexpressed in MR strain when compared to that in SS strain. Subsequently, knockdown the expression of representative BdCarEs genes significantly increased the susceptibility of the oriental fruit fly to corresponding insecticides, which indicated that the tested BdCarEs genes contributed to one or multiple insecticide detoxification. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential role in respond to tolerance or resistance to insecticides with different mode of action, and will facilitate development of efficiency management strategy for B. dorsalis .
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2023
·
IF 4.1
Yingjiao Dong,Ruijie Wang,Yao Chen,Zhikai Hong,Guanhua Wang
In this work, a novel triazine-based porous organic polymers, TAPT-BPDD, was firstly synthesized by a facile method at room temperature. After characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRPD, TGA, and nitrogen-sorption experiments, TAPT-BPDD was applied as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for the extraction of four trace nitrofuran metabolites (NFMs) from meat samples. The key parameters including the adsorbent dosage, sample pH, type and volume of eluents, type of washing solvents were evaluated in the extraction process. Combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis, good linear relationship (1–50 µg·kg −1 , R 2 >0.9925) and low limits of detection (LODs, 0.05–0.56 µg·kg −1 ) were obtained under the optimal conditions. When spiked at different level, the recoveries were in the range of 72.7–111.6%. The adsorption isothermal model and extraction selectivity of TAPT-BPDD were also studied in detail. The results showed that TAPT-BPDD was a kind of promising SPE adsorbent for the enrichment of organics in food samples.
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Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2022
·
IF 6.064
Qiu Danyan,Xu Nuohan,Zhang Qi,Zhou Wenya,Wang Yan,Zhang Zhenyan,Yu Yitian,Lu Tao,Sun Liwei,Zhou Ning-Yi,Peijnenburg W. J. G. M.,Qian Haifeng
With the widespread use of abamectin in agriculture, there is increasing urgency to assess the effects of abamectin on soil microorganisms. Here, we treated plant–soil microcosms with abamectin at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg and quantified the impacts of abamectin on bulk and rhizosphere soil microbial communities by shotgun metagenomics after 7 and 21 days of exposure. Although abamectin was reported to be easily degradable, it altered the composition of the soil microbial communities, disrupted microbial interactions, and decreased community complexity and stability after 7 days of exposure. After treatment with abamectin at a concentration of 1.0 mg/kg, some opportunistic human diseases, and soil-borne pathogens like Ralstonia were enriched in the soil. However, most ecological functions in soil, particularly the metabolic capacities of microorganisms, recovered within 21 days after abamectin treatment. The horizontal and vertical gene transfer under abamectin treatments increased the levels of antibiotic resistance genes dissemination. Overall, our findings demonstrated the negative effects of abamectin on soil ecosystems in the short-term and highlight a possible long-term risk to public and soil ecosystem health associated with antibiotic resistance genes dissemination.
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Sustainable Materials and Technologies
·
2022
·
IF 10.681
Gehui Wang,Xiaoyu Xu,Qingqing Cheng,Jiamin Hu,Xueying Xu,Yiwu Zhang,Sen Guo,Yingchao Ji,Chenggang Zhou,Feng Gao,Long Yang,Yanxue Liu,Shuyan Yin,Chenyu Su
Monochamus alternatus is an important stem-borer that endangers economic and ecological forest, and also the main vector of pine wilt disease, a significant forest quarantine disease, which caused seriously losses for economic and ecological services. At present, M. alternatus mainly focuses on chemical control, among which Avermectin (AVM) is widely used as a high-performance spectrum insecticide. However, there are some problems, such as short duration, and environmental pressure caused by excessive use, which limit its application in pest control. In this paper, a drug delivery system based on dendritic mesoporous silica (DMSNs) was constructed to deliver biological pesticide AVM, so as to develop a new type of nano-pesticide, which could effectively control the stem borer M. alternatus and control Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . The [email protected] NPs composite was prepared by simple physical adsorption, and the loading rate was 85.73%, which significantly improved the utilization rate of AVM. The local application of AVM optimized by DMSNs showed that the contact toxicity (LC 50 = 14.27 μg/mL) and stomach toxicity (LC 50 = 10.90 μg/mL) of M. alternatus larvae were higher than those of AVM/EC and AVM treatment, which was based on the good permeability and adhesion of DMSNs. At the same time, DMSNs had better degradation ability in the natural environment: in PBS buffer solutions with different pH values, DMSNs completely degraded in 28 days. In addition, [email protected] NPs has a good absorption and transmission effect in trees, which indicates that nanoparticle-mediated pesticide delivery system will be a significant progress in the control of forest and fruit pests.
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Insects
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 12
·1091
·
IF 3.139
Lin-Yu Yang,Xiao-Jie Yang,Zi-Shun Zhao,Qi-Lin Zhang
Simple SummaryTo date, it is rare to study the effects of environmental toxicants (e.g., abamectin, a widely used pesticide) on mitochondrial energy metabolism in vitro from a subcellular level in insects, especially from an omics perspective (e.g., metabolomics) due to insufficient samples of mitochondria. The fat body of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) plays an important role for detoxification, with responses of critical subcellular components (e.g., mitochondria) to abamectin. WhenB. germanicawere fed abamectin, their in vitro mitochondrial morphology was affected, with changes in activity of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Furthermore, metabonomic analysis of in vitro mitochondria ofB. germanicauncovered a set of metabolites and their pathways related to mitochondrial energy metabolism in response to abamectin feeding/stress. These molecules and pathways were primarily involved in ATP production and energy consumption including oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway. The current work is a good example of investigations on subcellular toxicology from multiple perspectives (morphology, physiology, and metabolomics).AbstractMitochondria are the leading organelle for energy metabolism. The toxic effects of environmental toxicants on mitochondrial morphology, energy metabolism, and their determination of cell fate have already been broadly studied. However, minimal research exists on effects of environmental toxicants such as pesticides on mitochondrial energy metabolism at in vitro subcellular level, particularly from an omics perspectives (e.g., metabolomics). Here, German cockroach (Blattella germanica) was fed diets with (0.01 and 0.001 mg/mL) and without abamectin, and highly purified fat body mitochondria were isolated. Swelling measurement confirmed abnormal mitochondrial swelling caused by abamectin stress. The activity of two key mitochondrial energy metabolism-related enzymes, namely succinic dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, was significantly affected. The metabolomic responses of the isolated mitochondria to abamectin were analyzed via untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics technology. Fifty-two differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in the mitochondria between the 0.001 mg/mL abamectin-fed and the control groups. Many of these DMs were significantly enriched in pathways involved in ATP production and energy consumption (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway). Nineteen of the DMs were typically related to energy metabolism. This study is valuable for further understanding mitochondrial toxicology under environmental toxicants, particularly its subcellular level.Keywords:fat body mitochondria;Blattella germanica;abamectin feeding;energy metabolism;toxic response
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 79
·期 4
·1452-1466
·
IF 4.462
Pei-Rong Li,Yu Shi,Di Ju,Yu-Xi Liu,Wei Wang,Ying-Shi He,Yu-Yun Zhang,Xue-Qing Yang
BACKGROUND The evolution of insect resistance to pesticides poses a continuing threat to sustainable pest management. While much is known about the molecular mechanisms that confer resistance in model insects and few agricultural pests, far less is known about fruit pests. Field-evolved resistance to synthetic insecticides such as lambda -cyhalothrin has been widely documented in Cydia pomonella , a major invasive pest of pome fruit worldwide, and the increased production of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) has been linked to resistance in field-evolved resistant populations. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of P450-mediated insecticide resistance remain largely unknown . RESULTS Here we found that functional redundancy and preference of metabolism by P450s genes in the CYP9A subfamily confer resistance to lambda -cyhalothrin in Cydia pomonella . A total of four CYP9A genes, including CYP9A61 , CYP9A120 , CYP9A121 , and CYP9A122 , were identified from Cydia pomonella . Among these, CYP9A120 , CYP9A121 , and CYP9A122 were predominantly expressed in the midgut of larvae. The expression levels of these P450 genes were significantly induced by a lethal dose that would kill 10% (LD 10 ) of lambda -cyhalothrin and were overexpressed in a field-evolved lambda -cyhalothrin resistant population. Knockdown of CYP9A120 and CYP9A121 by RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) increased the susceptibility of larvae to lambda -cyhalothrin. In vitro assays demonstrated that recombinant P450s expressed in Sf9 cells can metabolize lambda -cyhalothrin, but with functional redundancy and divergence through regioselectivity of metabolism. CYP9A121 preferred to convert lambda -cyhalothrin to 2′-hydroxy- lambda -cyhalothrin, whereas CYP9A122 only generated 4′-hydroxy metabolite of lambda -cyhalothrin. Although possesses a relatively low metabolic capability, CYP9A120 balanced catalytic competence to generate both 2′- and 4′-metabolites. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results reveal that metabolic functional redundancy of three members of the CYP9A subfamily leads to P450-mediated lambda -cyhalothrin resistance in Cydia pomonella , thus representing a potential adaptive evolutionary strategy during its worldwide expansion. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 30
·期 11
·29494-29509
·
IF 5.19
Zhao Panpan,Wang Yan,Yang Qiankun,Yu Guili,Ma Fenfen,Dong Jingquan
This study aims to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of abamectin on the cardiac function of carp and the potential mechanisms. Here, male carp were exposed to abamectin, and cardiac function-related enzymatic markers were examined. Cardiac histopathology, redox equilibrium, inflammation, and cell death were evaluated. Abamectin exposure caused cardiac dysfunction by upregulating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), creatine Kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and white blood cells (WBCs), and decreasing red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin (Hb). DHE staining and biochemical assays revealed that abamectin caused ROS release and oxidative stress by inhibiting Nrf2-ARE pathway. Histopathological and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays revealed that abamectin caused myocardial fiber swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α ( Tnf-α ), interleukin-1 beta ( Il-1β ), and Il-6 levels and attenuated anti-inflammatory cytokines Il-10 and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( Tgf-β1 ) through activating NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Tunel staining showed that abamectin triggered cardiac apoptosis via activating p53 -mediated mitochondrial apoptosis with elevated bcl2-associated X ( Bax ), reduced B-cell lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2 ), and activated Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 . Immunoblot analysis revealed that abamectin activated autophagic flow by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ), resulting in the conversion of LC3B from LC3-I to LC3-II, elevation of autophagy protein 5 ( Atg5 ), and reduction of p62 . Overall, abamectin caused cardiac dysfunction in carp via inhibiting redox equilibrium and resulting in immune inflammatory response and programmed cell death.
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