Starch gels with precisely controlled viscosity show considerable potential as topical carriers for personalized therapeutic applications. However, conventional gelation processes are often inefficient and difficult to regulate, thereby limiting the effective utilization of the favorable properties of starch gels. To address these limitations, an ultrasound-assisted dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent method was developed to enable one-step gelation of starch derived from medicinal plant sources. This innovative approach produces gels with a wide viscosity range and can stably encapsulate diverse components, including methotrexate, molybdenum disulfide, and composite molybdenum disulfide. In this study, the properties of the starch gel were comprehensively analyzed, and its gelation mechanism was elucidated using grey prediction modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the combination of DMSO and water enables rapid starch gel formation, with the process exhibiting a positive correlation with the degree of starch substitution. Furthermore, the gel demonstrated high loading capacity and excellent biocompatibility, making it suitable for applications such as psoriasis treatment and modification of hemodialysis membranes. This method not only expands the techniques available for starch gel preparation but also enhances clinical applications and the development of advanced drug delivery systems.
Yan Deng,Hao Cheng,Ji Zhu,Yue Jiang,Hongwu Sun,Guocheng Li,Jing Wei,Ruoyi Xue,Rang Feng,Jingwen Cao,Wenkang Yu,Yalan Wang,Mingqi Xu,Quanming Zou,Haibo Li
Parenteral subunit vaccines typically elicit systemic humoral immune responses but often struggle to induce mucosal immunity. Herein, we developed a promising adjuvant system, TB/P2C-NE, a tamibarotene-loaded nanoemulsion incorporating the TLR2/6 agonist Pam2CSK4. Upon intramuscular vaccination, TB/P2C-NE promoted antigen-specific mucosal immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by systemic humoral and cellular response. Mechanistically, tamibarotene upregulated the intestinal homing molecule CCR9 on lymphocytes through dendritic cell modulation, while Pam2CSK4 increased IL-6 secretion at the injection sites, further amplifying CCR9 expression and lymphocyte activation and leading to enhanced lymphocyte homing to the intestinal mucosa and a subsequent boost in mucosal immunity. Notably, TB/P2C-NE induced long-term gastrointestinal mucosal responses, maintaining elevated sIgA levels for up to three months post-immunization, and also induced gastrointestinal mucosal immunity in combination with a polysaccharide conjugate antigen. Immunization with recombinant intimin using TB/P2C-NE as the adjuvant resulted in a robust protective effect against the EHEC O157:H7 challenge. In summary, TB/P2C-NE offers an adjuvant strategy potentially accelerating the development of vaccines targeting gastrointestinal infections.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）