JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Jingjing Yao,Yajuan Guo,Ting Wan,Shaofang Yu,Qinghong Shen,Min Huang,Yu Li,Fuping Xu,Huiyan Zeng,Zhongqiu Liu,Linlin Lu
Ethnopharmacological relevance Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. exhibits overwhelming efficacy against heart failure, inflammation and pain, but its clinical application is limited by concomitant cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Aconitine (AC), the most abundant bioactive alkaloid, has narrow therapeutic window, with well-defined toxic and therapeutic thresholds. However, the overlapping molecular targets mediating dual toxicity and efficacy of AC remain poorly characterized. Aims of the study This study aimed to evaluate dual pharmacological and toxicological roles of AC through integrative pharmacology and transgenic mouse models. Materials and methods The overlapping targets of AC-related toxicity/efficacy were identified based on integrative pharmacology. By generating Cyp3a −/− transgenic mice expressing human CYP3A4 (hCYP3A4), Ugt1, P-gp, Mrp2, BCRP, and Nrf2 knockout mice, the effects of AC on toxicity, pain, inflammation, and heart failure were assessed. Results We identified 143 overlapping targets predominantly enriched in metabolic pathways. Symptom-based toxicity scores were strikingly elevated in AC-exposed hCYP3A4, Mrp2 −/− , P-gp −/− , BCRP −/− , and Nrf2 −/− mice compared to WT mice. Additionally, AC prolonged the latency of response by approximately 18s, 15s, 14s, and 5s, respectively, in hCYP3A4, Mrp2 −/− , P-gp −/− , and Nrf2 −/− mice by hot plate assay. Interestingly, both toxicity score and analgesic latency initially increased and subsequently decreased, peaking at 60 min. AC obviously decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing and permeability by 45.7% and 22.2% in hCYP3A4 mice, whereas these changes were amplified in Mrp2 −/− mice compared to WT mice. Furthermore, AC attenuated DOX induced heart failure in hCYP3A4 mice, with an effective rate of 20.9%, with Septin4 implicated in AC-related metabolism. Conclusions Metabolic targets may elucidate the mechanistic overlap between the toxicity and efficacy of AC. Notably, hCYP3A4 exhibited heightened toxicity, alongside enhanced analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Our findings position metabolic pathways as critical nodes for AC-related dual effect, and establish Septin4 as a candidate mediator of its metabolic regulation.
研究领域:
药理学
·
毒理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYTOMEDICINE
·
2022
·
IF 6.656
Zi-Dong Qiu,Xu-Ya Wei,Ze-Yan Chen,Juan Guo,Lu-Qi Huang,Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
Background The synergic action of compound prescriptions is an important feature and core advantage of traditional medicine. Ginseng-Fuzi decoction is a classic compatible phytomedicine in China, of which Ginseng can effectively reduce the toxicity of Fuzi in clinical, but the detoxification chemical mechanism is still unclear. Purpose Develop a novel method for real-time tracking and monitoring of complex substances in the decoction system of traditional Chinese medicine to uncover the detoxification effect Ginseng on Fuzi and explore the possible chemical reaction mechanism of Ginseng-Fuzi co-decoction. Methods A novel real-time monitoring system, online filtration electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, was developed for extremely complex substances analysis in the decoction of traditional medicine compounds to uncover the directionally detoxification effect and the mechanism of compatibility interaction. Results Nine key alkaloids and 7 ginsenosides in Ginseng-Fuzi decoction were simultaneously in-situ monitoring in positive ion mode or negative ion mode respectively. Both types of targeted analytes had satisfactory MS signal response for real-time qualitative and quantitative analysis with high precision (RSD < 14.04%) and low LLODs (0.002 ng/ml-10 ng/ml). Through long-term tracking analysis, the exact detoxification and synergistic effect of Ginseng-Fuzi decoction were confirmed as the concentration of main toxic alkaloids decreased ( e.g. the content of mesaconitine has been reduced by about 38%) and the main active monoester alkaloids increased obviously. More importantly, the possible molecular mechanism of the detoxification effect of Ginseng compatibility was revealed for the first time, which was the nucleophilic substitution reaction of diester alkaloids catalyzed by fatty acids. Conclusion This study revealed the exact effect of co-decoction of Ginseng and Fuzi at the molecular level and the chemical reaction mechanism of fatty acid-catalyzed degradation of toxic diester-type alkaloids. The comprehensive multi-component real-time monitoring strategy for complex traditional medicine compounds developed and implemented here has important demonstration significance for revealing the scientific connotation of the compatibility of compound traditional medicine.
研究领域:
中药学
·
药理学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Pharmacology
·
2022
·
IF 5.988
Chen Ze-Yan,Wei Xu-Ya,Qiu Zi-Dong,Huang Yun,Tan Ting,Feng Yu-Lin,Guo Juan,Cui Guang-Hong,Huang Lu-Qi,Lai Chang-Jiang-Sheng
The herb-pair ginseng-Fuzi (the root of Aconitum carmichaelii) is the material basis of Shenfu prescriptions and is popular in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of heart failure, and even shock with severe-stage of COVID-19. A narrow therapeutic window of Fuzi may cause significant regional loss of property and life in clinics. Therefore, systemic elucidation of active components is crucial to improve the safety dose window of Shenfu oral prescriptions. A high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for quantification of 10 aconitines in SD rat plasma within 9 min. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were below 0.032 ng/ml and 0.095 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, a systemic comparison with their pharmacokinetic characteristics after oral administration of a safe dosage of 2 g/kg of Fuzi and ginseng-Fuzi decoction for 24 h was conducted. Eight representative diester, monoester, and non-ester aconitines and two new active components (i.e., songorine and indaconitine) were all adopted to elucidating the differences of the pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo. The compatibility of Fuzi and ginseng could significantly increase the in vivo exposure of active components. The terminal elimination half-life and the area under the concentration-time curve of mesaconitine, benzoylaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylhypaconitine, and songorine were all increased significantly. The hypaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, and songorine were regarded as the main active components in vivo, which gave an effective clue for the development of new Shenfu oral prescriptions.
研究领域:
中药学
·
药理学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 3.8
Jiayuan Li,Jiahe Yu,Jianyou Guo,Jinfeng Liu,Guohui Wan,Xiaojia Wei,Xue Yang,Jinli Shi
Context Levodopa combined with traditional Chinese medicine has a synergistic effect on Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, we demonstrated that Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. [syn. Patrinia jatamansi D.Don, N. grandiflora DC.] (Valerianaceae) (NJ) can alleviate PD.Objective To explore the synergistic effect of NJ combined with levodopa against PD.Materials and methods The PD model was established by injecting rotenone. Eighty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham, model, different doses of NJ (0.31, 0.62, or 1.24 g/kg) combined with levodopa (25 mg/kg), and levodopa alone (25 and 50 mg/kg) groups. The synergistic effect of the combination was investigated by pharmacodynamic investigation and detection of expression of nuclear factor erythro2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NLR family proteins containing Pyrin-related domain 3 (NLRP3) pathways.Results Compared with the model group, NJ + levodopa (1.24 g/kg + 25 mg/kg) increased the moving distance of PD rats in the open field (2395.34 ± 668.73 vs. 1501.41 ± 870.23, p < 0.01), enhanced the stay time on the rotating rod (84.86 ± 18.15 vs. 71.36 ± 17.53, p < 0.01) and the combination was superior to other treatments. The synergistic effects were related to NJ + levodopa (1.24 g/kg + 25 mg/kg) increasing the neurotransmitter levels by 38.80%-88.67% in PD rats, and inhibiting oxidative stress and NLRP3 pathway by activating Nrf2 pathway.Discussion and conclusions NJ combined with levodopa is a promising therapeutic candidate for PD, which provides a scientific basis for the subsequent clinical combination therapy of levodopa to enhance the anti-PD effect.
研究领域:
神经学
·
药理学
·
中医
·
动物模型
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Scientifica
·
2020
·
IF 0
Jasvidianto C. Kotta,Agatha B. S. Lestari,Damiana S. Candrasari,Maywan Hariono
Goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.), or bandotan in Indonesia, is an herbaceous plant that broadly grows up in both subtropical as well as tropical areas. This herb contains many phytoconstituents which have many benefits in different aspects. The essential oil contains phytochemicals such as phenol, phenolic ester, and coumarin, whereas many compounds can been identified in the whole part such as terpenoid, steroid, chromene, pyrrolizidine alkaloid, and flavonoid. Empirically, this herb has been used as an antihemorrhagic, antiseptic, antileprosy, and wound-healing agent. This article reviews the potency of the herb in medication according to the chemical substances being deposited, which are collected from numerous studies, followed by its in silico bioactivity prediction as well as its pharmaceutical dosage form formulation.
研究领域:
药理学
·
药物化学
·
植物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.36
Zi-Dong Qiu,Xiaoping Zhang,Xu-Ya Wei,Konstantin Chingin,Jia-Quan Xu,Wei Gao,Bin Yang,Shuang-Long Wang,Ting Tan,E-Hu Liu,Hai-Yu Xu,Guang-Hong Cui,Juan Guo,Ya-Nan Wang,Ye Shen,Yu-Jun Zhao,Huan-Wen Chen,Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai,Lu-Qi Huang
Ethnopharmacological relevance Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, a famous traditional medicinal herb for collapse, rheumatic fever , and painful joints, always raises global concerns about its fatal toxicity from toxic alkaloids when improperly processed. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum and develop simple and reliable approaches for clinical application, which is also of great significance to the rational medicinal use of Aconitum . Aim of the study The study aimed at developing a complete molecular mechanism exploration strategy in complex medicinal herb decocting system, clarifying the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum, and exploring valid approaches for detoxification. Materials and methods Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) was selected as the model for exploring the complex Aconitum detoxification mechanism using an advanced online real-time platform based on extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The methods realized the sensitive capture of dynamic trace intermediates, accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis, and real-time and long-term monitoring of multi-components with satisfactory accuracy and resistance to complex matrices. Results Components in the complex Aconitum decocting system were real-timely characterized and fat meat was discovered and verified to directionally detoxify Aconitum while reserving the therapy effect. More importantly, the dynamic detoxification mechanism in the chemically complex Aconitum decoction was molecularly profiled. A novel reaction pathway based on nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism was proposed. As confirmed by the theoretic calculations at DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d) levels, fatty acids ( e.g. , palmitic acid) acted as a green, cheap, and high-performance catalyst and promote the decomposition of toxic diester alkaloids to non-toxic and active benzoyl-monoester alkaloids through the discovered mechanism. Conclusion The study exposed a novel detoxification molecular mechanism of Aconitum and provided an effective method for the safe use of Aconitum , which could effectively guide the development of traditional processing technology and compatibility regulation of the toxic herb and had great value to the modernization and standardization development of traditional medicine.
研究领域:
民族药理学
·
中药学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Natural Product Communications
·
2021
·
IF 0.986
Qiang Wang,Chundie Yi,Wenlan Duan,Yunfeng Duan,Jiahao Lou,Guangzhi Zeng,Junlin Yin
Two new sesquiterpenoids, isocyperotundone (1) and 1,4-epoxy-4-hydroxy-4,5-seco-guain-11-en-5-one (2), together with 6 known sesquiterpenoids, cyperotundone (3), cyperenoic acid (4), sugetriol triacetate (5), cyperusol A3 (6), cyperusol A2 (7), and cyperusol A1 (8), were isolated from the methanol extract of the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1-dimensional (1D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to establish the structures of all the compounds. All the compounds were tested for activity on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. Compounds 1-7 exhibited inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 34.5 to 73.7 μmol/L.
研究领域:
植物化学
·
药理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
·
2023
·
IF 3.4
Taixiang Gao,Hongxiong Zhang,Qinqing Li,Feng Zhao,Nan Wang,Wenbin He,Junlong Zhang,Rui Wang
Fuzi decoction (FZD) is clinically used to treat chronic heart failure (CHF) in China, but the mechanism underlying FZD treatment in CHF remains unclear. Here, we investigated the potential mechanism underlying FZD treatment of CHF in rats. First, the compounds in FZD-containing serum of rats were identified, and 16 S rRNA sequencing and GC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis were then performed. The levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined and compared, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to verify the role of the gut microbiota . Our results identified 27 in FD-containing serum. FZD increased the Firmicutes -to- Bacteroidetes ratio and the Lactobacillus abundance and affected the β diversity of the gut microbiota in rats with CHF. Differential species analysis showed that Lactobacillus and Prevotella were biomarkers of FZD treatment of CHF. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that FZD affected valine , leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; galactose metabolism; and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis in rats with CHF. Furthermore, FZD significantly increased the acetic acid, propionic acid , butyric acid and isopentanoic acid levels in the feces of rats with CHF. Correlation analysis showed that the butyric acid and Lactobacillus levels had the strongest correlation in the control, sham and high-dose FZD (HFZD) groups, and many microbiota components were closely related to differentially abundant metabolites. FMT revealed that the fecal microbiota obtained from the HFZD group changed the heart rate; the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and metabolite levels; and the gut microbiota in rats with CHF. In summary, our study revealed that the mechanism of action of FZD in CHF treatment may be related to improvements in the gut microbiota, elevations in the SCFA content and the regulation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; galactose metabolism; and other metabolic pathways.
研究领域:
药理学
·
微生物学
·
代谢组学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING
·
2024
·Vol. 27
·期 5
·773-785
·
IF 1.6
Liu Kejia,Yang Xu,Zhang Guihong,Xiang Zheng
Background: Fuzi-Gancao herb couple is one of the most common herb couples involved in the TCM formula, which was used for the treatment of chronic diseases. The herb couple has a hepatoprotective effect. However, its main components and therapeutic mechanism are not yet clear. This
study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the Fuzi-Gancao herb couple on NAFLD from animal experiments, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Methods: 60 Male C57BL/6 mice (20 g ± 2 g) were randomly divided into six groups including the blank group
(n=10) and NALFD group (n=50). The mice of the NALFD group were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks to establish the NAFLD model and the NALFD mice were randomly divided into five groups including positive group (berberine), model group and F-G groups with three dosages (0.257, 0.514, 0.771
g/kg) (n=10). After 10 weeks of administration, the serum was collected for the analysis of ALT, AST, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TC, and liver tissues were collected for pathological analysis. The TCMAS database was used to collect the main components and targets of the Fuzi-Gancao herb couple. The
GeneCards database was used to collect NAFLD-related targets, and the key targets were obtained by intersecting with herbal targets. The diseasecomponent- target relationship diagram was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1. The obtained key targets were imported into the String database to obtain
the PPI network, and imported into the DAVID database for KEGG pathway analysis and GO analysis. Finally, the key targets and key gene proteins were imported into Discovery Studio 2019 for molecular docking verification. Results: In this study, H-E staining indicated the pathological
changes of liver tissue in Fuzi- Gancao groups were significantly improved, and the levels of AST, ALT, TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c in serum of Fuzi-Gancao groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the model group. 103 active components and 299 targets in the Fuzi-Gancao herb couple
were confirmed in the TCMSP database and 2062 disease targets in NAFLD were obtained. 142 key targets and 167 signal pathways were screened, such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and so on.
The main bioactive ingredients of Fuzi-Gancao herb couple in the treatment of NAFLD are quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, inermine, (R)-norcoclaurine, isorhamnetin, ignavine, 2,7-Dideacetyl-2,7- dibenzoyl-taxayunnanine F, glycyrol mainly involving IL6, AKT1, TNF, TP53, IL1B, VEGFA and other
core targets. Molecular docking analysis indicated that there is a good affinity between the key components and the key targets. Conclusion: This study preliminarily explained the main components and mechanism of the Fuzi- Gancao herb couple in the treatment of NAFLD and provided an idea
for subsequent research.
研究领域:
中药学
·
肝脏疾病
·
生物信息学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Yang Yang,Xuemei Wei,Shuya Zhang,Yun Li,Jiazhen Wu,Suhua Cai,Biren Wang,Zhiming Yang,E. Yang,Junling Cao,Qinhua Chen,Guihong Chen
Background: Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), a vital yet toxic herbal medicine, faces significant challenges in standardization due to varied processing methods that undermine detoxification efficacy and hinder therapeutic optimization.Methods: An integrative analytical approach combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), metabolomics, and pharmacodynamic evaluation was employed to investigate the structural, compositional, and functional transformations during Fuzi processing.Results: SEM imaging and XRD data revealed that the morphological breakdown of starch granules varied according to processing technique. Metabolomics analysis based on mass spectrum identified 57 diterpenoid alkaloids, including 12 bioactive components, whose levels fluctuated across nine processing variants. Pharmacodynamic profiling revealed distinct efficacy-safety trade-offs across these variants, underscoring the pivotal role of processing methods in determining clinical risk profiles and therapeutic indices.Conclusion: This study elucidated the structure-composition-efficacy correlations in Fuzi processing, highlighting the relationship between starch reorganization, alkaloid modification, and therapeutic outcomes. These insights offer a mechanistic basis for refining traditional processing protocols, optimizing detoxification and therapeutic retention, and advancing standardization in herbal medicine.
研究领域:
中药炮制学
·
天然药物化学
·
代谢组学
·
药效动力学
·
晶体学
·
植物药标准化
·
药物安全性评价
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Arabian Journal of Chemistry
·
2022
·
IF 6.212
Ze-Yan Chen,Xu-Ya Wei,Ting Tan,Yu-Lin Feng,Juan Guo,Guang-Hong Cui,Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai,Lu-Qi Huang
There is no effective method for unified quality evaluation for the same medicinal materials in similar prescriptions. In this study, we used Ginseng-Fuzi ( Aconitum carmichaelii ) proprietary Chinese medicines (GFPCMs), with different dosage forms, as examples to develop a new unified quality control strategy. Thus, using a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, coupled with unified quality evaluation strategies to comprehensively characterize the contents of 12 aconitines and 25 ginsenosides containing eight groups of isomers in 10 GFPCMs. Quality control was carried out for the first time for aconitines and ginsenosides in Jianbuqiangshen Pill, Nanbao Capsule, Nvbao Capsule, Pingfengshengmai Capsule, Wumei Pill, and Xinbao Pill. Furthermore, 4 aconitines and 16 ginsenosides were firstly quantified in all 10 GFPCMs. Subsequently, there was a comprehensive comparison of the universality and accuracy of the quality control strategies based on absolute, normalized, and unit content. It was indicated the strategy-based unit content was more practical and effective. As for Fuzi, the total unit content of diester alkaloids should be less than 0.020%, while monoester alkaloids should be more than 0.010%. As for ginseng, the total unit content of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rg5, and Re should be higher than 2.0%, and the unit content of Rg5 was a good indicator for the classification of the dosage forms and processing methods. In summary, this strategy showed great potential for supervising the quality of Chinese medicine.
研究领域:
药理学
·
分析化学
·
中药学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Che Chen,Qianfeng Shao,Sheng Zhou
Objective Explore the potential mechanism of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction (MFXD) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using network pharmacology, molecular docking approaches, and test its efficacy by in vitro experiments. Methods Active components of MFXD were screened from TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and TCMID, with corresponding targets obtained from SwissTargetPrediction and TCMSP. AD-related differential genes were retrieved from GEO. Intersection targets were identified via Venn diagrams, followed by GO/KEGG enrichment analyses, PPI network construction, and molecular docking. In vitro validation experiments were carried out using PC12 cells induced by Aβ 25–35 to simulate the pathological state of AD. For the detection of cell viability, the CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate the protective effect of MFXD and its active components on damaged PC12 cells. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein expression levels of key molecules involved in AD-related signaling pathways, including phosphorylated p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, p-GSK-3β, GSK-3β, MMP-9, p-Tau, and Tau. Additionally, the ELISA was utilized to measure the secretion level of TNF-α in the supernatant of Aβ 25–35 -induced PC12 cells, so as to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of MFXD. Results Thirty-seven active components and 230 targets of MFXD were identified, along with 4913 AD-related differentially expressed genes from GEO dataset GSE122063 , yielding 47 intersection targets. GO annotation enriched these targets in processes like reactive oxygen species metabolism, components like extracellular matrix, and functions like neurotransmitter binding; several pathways were enriched in the KEGG analysis, such as TNF signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. The intersection target PPI network identified MMP9, EGFR, FOS as core targets. Molecular docking results indicated that quercetin binds to the three core targets (MMP9, EGFR, FOS), while luteolin binds preferentially to EGFR and MMP9. In vitro , Aβ 25–35 -induced PC12 cells treated with quercetin/luteolin had concentration-dependent viability increases (all P < 0.001); 15% MFXD-containing serum restored viability to ≥ 95% (P < 0.001 vs. AD model, comparable to DHCL). Western blot showed AD model had elevated p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, MMP9/β-actin, p-Tau/Tau and reduced p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β (all P < 0.05); MFXD reversed these (all P < 0.05), while DHCL only inhibited p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65. ELISA showed MFXD and DHCL both reduced AD model’s TNF-α (all P < 0.001). Conclusion MFXD potentially exerts anti-AD effects through a multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway approach. Its key active components (quercetin, luteolin) may act by modulating the core target MMP9. Also, MFXD can simultaneously regulate several pathways, such as the TNF signaling pathway, Calcium signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway, and target Tau protein-related pathology by restoring the phosphorylation level of GSK-3β to suppress abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau, and thereby alleviating pathological damage in AD.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）