Hypertensive emergency is a clinical syndrome characterized by abrupt and substantial elevation of blood pressure in hypertensive patients due to specific triggers, leading to potentially life-threatening consequences. Intravenous injection of sodium nitroprusside is commonly used to rapidly lower blood pressure. However, its specialized nature limits its applicability for first aid or self-help in emergency situations. To address this issue, we have developed a self-powered and controllable microneedle drug delivery system that is easy to use and effective for lowering blood pressure. The system mainly consists of two parts: a piezoelectric thin film self-powered module made of polyvinylidene fluoride and carbon nanotubes, and a drug delivery module composed of polylactic acid-Au microneedles and polylactic acid-Au-polypyrrole microneedles. The results show that different pressures applied to the self-powered module generate different voltages, thereby controlling the drug release efficiency of the microneedles. Compared with conventional active devices, it exhibits a higher drug release rate and effectiveness. Furthermore, the system was successfully utilized to reduce and control blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Compared with the injection of sodium nitroprusside, this system can more effectively lower and control blood pressure levels, and its biological safety has been verified. This study presents a controllable and user-friendly rapid blood pressure lowering system suitable for hypertensive emergencies, which has important clinical application prospects.
Three protein-rich materials were pretreated with a self-designed alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) pretreatment equipment to promote the release of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides by improving hydrolysis efficiency. According to degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE inhibitory activity, defatted walnut meal (DWM) was selected to study antihypertensive activity by hydrolysis in assistance of AEW pretreatment. It was found DWM pretreated with AEW at pH 11.5 followed by Alcalase hydrolysis exhibited the highest DH (21.96%), protein recovery rate (94.76%), and ACE inhibitory activity (IC 50 of 0.137 mg/mL), in which AEW pretreatment resulted in the transformation of α-helix and β-turn to random coil and the destruction of hydrogen bonds to expose more cleavage sites to enhance hydrolysis efficiency. Thereafter, ACE inhibitory peptides GIENYRVV (IC 50 of 0.102 mg/mL) and AGRISTVNSHTLPVL (IC 50 of 0.20 mg/mL) were identified from the hydrolysate. Overall, AEW pretreatment was an innovative strategy to promote the release of antihypertensive peptides during hydrolysis.
s γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a main inhibitory neurotransmitter, is essential for various biofunctions but is inadequately synthesized by the body. Tartary buckwheat (TB), with its medicinal and culinary uses, is a potential GABA source, yet its natural GABA content is low. Herein, the application of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) led to a significant increase in GABA content, reaching 3.82 g kg -1 in PLP-treated germinated TB (PLP-GTB), which is a 9.67-fold increase compared to ungerminated TB (UTB). This elevation in GABA was associated with the activation of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), an increase in the substrate glutamate (Glu), and the up-regulation of key gene expression ( GAD , GS1/2 and GOGAT ). Furthermore, PLP-GTB displayed the strongest inhibitory effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and exhibited the highest levels of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities. Collectively, our findings present a strategy for GABA enrichment in TB, potentially enhancing its anti-hypertensive and antioxidant properties.
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