ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 33
·期 27
·2214913
·
IF 19
Xin-Cen Lin,Shu-Liang Li,Wen-Xiong Li,Zi-Hao Wang,Jia-Yan Zhang,Bo-Wen Liu,Teng Fu,Hai-Bo Zhao,Yu-Zhong Wang
High-performance thermal insulating aerogels are attractive candidates for thermal protection in extreme environments. However, inorganic aerogels’ brittleness and poor machinability limit their applications, while organic aerogels suffer from severe strength degradation and structural collapse at high temperatures. Herein, for the first time, a thermo-responsive self-ceramifiable aerogel is demonstrated with exceptional strengthening and thermal insulation at high temperatures. This aerogel exhibits excellent toughness and processability like polymers under normal conditions but spontaneously transforms into high-strength semi-crystalline hard ceramics upon exposure to high temperatures. After prolonged thermal attack at 800 °C, the strength of the aerogels does not decrease but significantly increases several-fold (from 0.739 to 2.726 MPa). The self-ceramization behavior and mechanism of the aerogel are illustrated in detail. The unique self-ceramifiable capacity enables aerogels to provide fire resistance, high-strength support, and excellent thermal insulation at ultrahigh temperatures. Even with continuous burning at 1300 °C for 60 min, the 15 mm thick aerogel shows low backside temperature below 300 °C, crack-free overall structure, and invariant porous morphology. This self-ceramifiable aerogel opens up a new avenue for developing thermal-protection materials with toughness, machinability, high strength, and thermal insulation in extreme environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高温材料
·
热防护技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2020
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·684
·
IF 3.426
Qilin Mei,Honghua Wang,Xiaocheng Chen,Ying Wang,Zhixiong Huang
With the rapid development of thermal protection systems for the aerospace industry and power electronics, polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin plays an important role because of its good mechanical properties, high glass transition temperature (Tg), low water absorption, high char yield (Yc), and the fact that there is no byproduct released in the curing process. In order to further improve the thermal property of PAA based FRP for the thermal protection field, the introduction of a zirconium element into arylacetylene is promising. In this paper, zirconium modified arylacetylene (ZAA) resin was prepared by two-step synthesis. The FTIR analysis characterized its molecular structure and confirmed the products. The viscosity of ZAA was about 6.5 Pa·s when the temperature was above 120 °C. The DSC analysis showed that the ZAA had a low curing temperature, and its apparent activation energy was 103.86 kJ/mol in the Kissinger method and 106.46 kJ/mol in the Ozawa method. The dielectric constant at 1 MHz of poly(zirconium modified arylacetylene) (PZAA) was 3.4. The TG analysis showed that the temperatures of a weight loss of 5% (Td5) and char yield (Yc) at 800 °C of PZAA were 407.5 °C and 61.4%, respectively. The XRD results showed the presence of SiO2and ZrO2in the PZAA residue after ablation. The XRF results showed that the contents of SiO2and ZrO2in PZAA residual after ablation were, respectively, 15.3% and 12.4%. The SEM showed that the surface of PZAA after ablation had been covered with a dense and rigid ceramic phase composed of ZrO2and SiO2. Therefore, the introduction of Zr into arylacetylene greatly improved the densification of the surface after ablation, and improved the heat resistant property.Keywords:arylacetylene;zirconium;thermal stability;ceramifiable mechanism
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Nan Yang,Guoshuai Cai,Yange Wan,Ruoyu Zhang,Jiancun Li,Jingfang Zhang,Haijun Zhang,Hongli Liu,Xiaolei Yu,Mingchao Wang
In order to improve the burn-through resistance and environmental friendliness of epoxy resin-based flame-retardant coatings, high-performance coatings were developed by modifying them with silicone resin and B 4 C. By incorporating B 4 C and silicone resin, the coating's thermal stability was significantly enhanced. By participating in a series of chemical reactions when the coating was exposed to fire, they promoted spontaneous ceramicized and vitrified modification, increased the mass of char residue, improved the surface compactness, optimized the foam structure, and improved the specific surface area of char residue. Compared to blank sample E10S0 and others, E85S15B3 coating co-modified with silicone resin and B 4 C showed the best performance. The backside temperature of E85S15B3 was only 164.34 °C after a 2 h combustion test. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), total smoke production (TSP), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), peak CO release rate (PCOPR), and peak CO 2 release rate (PCO 2 PR) of E85S15B3 were all significantly improved, with a decrease of 20.38 %, 40.06 %, 37.67 %, 49.21 %, 64.71 %, 0.03 % compared with that of E10S0 sample. The LOI value was 34.6 %, which was 48.24 % better than that of E10S0. Moreover, the compressive, tensile, and bending strengths of E85S15B3 were measured at 85.6 MPa, 25.6 MPa, and 45.3 MPa, respectively, marking a 22.1 % increase, 11.23 % increase, and 23.19 % increase over those of E10S0. The mechanism of flame-retardant includes cooling insulation, non-flammable gas-phase dilution flame retardancy, condensed phase physical insulation, reinforced-phase flame retardancy, and free radicals capturing to block combustion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防火材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Quan Yuan,Liwei Yan,Jinfeng Tian,Weiyi Ding,Zhengguang Heng,Mei Liang,Yang Chen,Huawei Zou
Silicon/phenolic hybrid resins are one of the most commonly used materials for thermal protection. However, the weak ability of SiO 2 generated by silicone during ablation to resist the impact of high-speed hot gas flow hinders further improvement of the performance. Therefore, in this work, the ultrahigh-temperature ceramic elements Zr 4+ and Hf 4+ were integrated into hyperbranched polysiloxanes in the form of coordination bond and then introduced into phenolic resin (PR), obtaining hybrid resin with excellent ablative resistance. During ablation, Zr 4+ and Hf 4+ will first undergo ceramization, producing ZrO 2 and HfO 2 . Subsequently, they will undergo a solid solution sintering reaction to produce complex-phase ceramic particles (Zr x Hf 1-x )O 2 , which are embedded in the SiO 2 liquid film and provide excellent pinning effect. This gives the hybrid resin excellent ablation resistance, whose linear ablation rate can be as low as 0.038 mm/s, a 58 % decrease compared to pure PR. This work not only provides a new pathway for ceramization through metal ion coordination bonding, but also provides a new way to prepare high-performance TPS materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2024
·
IF 12.7
He Huang,Yiwu Pan,Hebing Wang,Can Wu,Jinliang Li,Xiangyu Jin,Wenbo Han,Changqing Hong,Xinghong Zhang
Lightweight ablative thermal insulation composites are attractive for thermal protection in extremely harsh environments. However, the flexibility called for in applications such as morphing aerocraft is yet to be satisfied, especially with toughness and ablative resistance. Herein, for the first time, a bio-inspired tendon-like buffer of silicone rubber was employed to gradiently connect the inorganic quartz fiber and organic phenolic resin aerogel in the composite to develop flexible and tough ablative thermal insulator. The composite exhibited reversible compressibility and bendability, wherein the stress was 1.46 MPa and 0.47 MPa at 60 % compressive strain and 9 % bending strain, respectively. Additionally, the tensile strength was up to 2.39 MPa. It was self-ceramifiable at high temperatures, resulting in the ablation rate as low as 0.002 mm/s, which is favorable for ablation resistance and thermal insulation. We investigated and illustrated the ceramizing mechanism in detail. The outstanding hydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 138.8° is profit to the safety and durability of thermal insulators. The multi-functional composite opens up a new path to develop deformable thermal-protection materials with flexibility, roughness, hydrophobicity, self-ceramization, and thermal insulation for flexible thermal protection in harsh environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物启发设计
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION
·
2018
·Vol. 33
·期 2
·381-388
·
IF 0.524
Shi Minxian,Chen Xia,Fan Shanshan,Shen Shirley,Liu Tianxiang,Huang Zhixiong
Fluxing agents of zinc borate, antimony oxide, galss frit A and glass frit B, with different melting or softening point temperatures, were added into MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 /boron phenol formaldehyde resin (MAS/BPF) composites to lower the formation temperature of eutectic liquid phase and promote the ceramification of ceramifiable composites. The effects of fluxing agents on the thermogravimetric properties, phase evolution, and microstructure evolution of MAS / BPF composites were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD and SEM analyses. The results reveal that the addition of a fluxing agent highly reduces the decomposition rate of MAS / BPF composites. Fluxing agents lower the formation temperatures of liquid phases of ceramifiable MAS / BPF composites obviously, and then promote the ceramification and densification process. The final residues of composites are ceramic surrounded by large amount of glass phases.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
无机化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Tao Lin,Ke Shang,Gui-De Lin,Jun-Sheng Wang,Jin-Jun Yang
The development of silicone rubber foam with high mechanical flexibility, thermal insulation, and low cost is of great significance to realize long-term thermal insulation and fireproof but challenging. A strategy that employs intumescent flame retardants to suppress substrate char shrinkage and achieve volume-stable ceramic in silicone rubber foam is proposed. The composites not only maintain mechanical flexibility and excellent fatigue resistance but also exhibit outstanding thermal stability and flame retardancy. Moreover, the foam material can form a volume-stable, dense and hard ceramic residue at high temperatures, thereby exhibiting exceptional thermal insulation upon exposure to ≈1300 °C oxidative environments. The material possessed durable fire resistance, low smoke and toxicity, effectively inhibiting the spread of flames during fires and making it one of the most reliable fireproof plugging foam materials for building applications so far. Besides, the material exhibited an impressive disordered scale-like structure after the calcination test at 800 °C, providing insights into the optimal temperature for ceramicization.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.045
Fengyi Wang,Zhixiong Huang,Yang Liu,Yunxia Li
To improve the thermal stability of phenolic resin and develop functional sustainable adhesive, a thermal-resistant cardanol-containing boron–phenolic resin (CBPR) was prepared by copolymerizing salicyl alcohol, cardanol, and boric acid. The structure of CBPR was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the investigated composites was estimated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of TGA indicated that the modified resin exhibited excellent thermal stability. Specifically, the B-0.2 thermoset had a char yield of 69% when the boron content was only 1.27 wt%. The curing kinetic behavior was well described by differential scanning calorimetry and model-free kinetic analysis. Further, CBPRs, nano-aluminum oxide powders, glass powders with low melting point, and vitreous silica fibers were used as resin matrix, filler, forming additive, and reinforced material, respectively, to produce a novel ceramizable phenolic molding composite. The ablative characteristics of the co-cured blends were explored in terms of linear/mass ablation rate and microscopic pattern of ablation via the oxyacetylene torch tests. After thermal treatment, the formation and growth of the ceramic phase enhanced the thermal stability and ablation performance of the composites at high-temperature region. The morphology and phase composition of the residual chars were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The linear and mass ablation rates for the modified composites decreased obviously in comparison with those of the unmodified composites, indicating that the modified composites possessed enhanced thermal stability and ablation property.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2017
·
IF 3.454
Pande Zhang,Benxue Jiang,Yiguang Jiang,Ge Zhang,Shuilin Chen,Jintai Fan,Long Zhang
Composite YAG/Nd:LuAG laser materials were prepared by the ceramization of YAG single crystals from the original bonding interfaces of green bodies (optical contacted YAG crystals and Nd:LuAG ceramics). And the morphology, microstructural characteristics and optical properties of the composite materials were studied. The results indicated that Nd:LuAG ceramics and YAG crystals were completely combined without bonding interfaces. They were pore-free at the original contacting interfaces of the YAG/Nd:LuAG transparent materials and the in-line transmittance of the specimens reached 84% at 1064 nm. This suggests that ceramization of YAG single crystals is a promising way to fabricate composite YAG/Nd:LuAG transparent materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 10
·3675
·
IF 3.748
Haibo Pang,Shiquan Zhang,Lei Pan,Suohui Yang,Jian Zhang,Minxian Shi,Zhixiong Huang,Junguo Li,Qiang Shen
The reliable mechanical properties of ceramizable silicone rubber composites during pyrolysis are necessary for their application in the fire-resistant fields. The effects of liquid-phase amount on the mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites are investigated. The results show a positive correlation between the liquid-phase amount and the flexural strength of the residual products pyrolysis below 800 °C. The nano-γ-Al2O3in the fillers reacts with liquid B2O3to form aluminum borate above 800 °C, which consumes the liquid phase and strengthens the residual products to a certain extent. Increasing the B2O3addition and introducing nano-γ-Al2O3can control the liquid-phase amount in the range of 15% to 30%, which makes the composites have better residual strength and support performance. The residual strength of composites pyrolysis at 500 °C to 1000 °C is higher than 2.50 MPa, and the maximum is up to 18.7 MPa at 1000 °C.Keywords:B2O3;Al2O3;liquid phase;mechanical properties;ceramizable silicone rubber composites
研究领域:
材料科学
·
火灾安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FIRE AND MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 47
·期 8
·1082-1091
·
IF 1.9
Ke Shang,Gui-De Lin,Hui-Jing Jiang,Xing Jin,Jing Zhao,Dan Liu,Bi Zhao,Jin-Jun Yang,Teng Fu,Jun-Sheng Wang
Two types of ceramifiable flame-retardant room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber foam containing mica power (MP) were prepared by using glass powder (GP) as fluxing agents and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) as flame-retardant agent, respectively. The flame retardant, combustion behavior, and thermal stability of ceramifiable flame-retardant RTV silicone rubber foams were investigated. The results show that GP is not conducive to the flame retardancy and thermal stability improvement of the foams. On the contrary, MP and ATH can significantly improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability at high temperatures of the foams. The foams with addition of MP and ATH can reach to a high limiting oxygen index value of 35.8 with V-0 rating in the vertical combustion test, and the total heat release and total smoke production of the foams are 21.0% and 61.7% lower than of the pure RTV silicone rubber foam, respectively. Furthermore, the structural and morphological changes of the foams under different pyrolysis conditions were studied, so as to reveal its ceramifiable mechanism under different fire scenarios. The results show that GP does not promote the formation of more char residue during pyrolysis, but it can greatly lower the ceramifiable temperature, resulting in a superior ceramic phase char residue. The foams including MP and ATH have a high char residue content; nevertheless, a comparatively higher temperature is necessary to create ceramic phase char residue.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 26.8
Tuo Liu,Tiantian Xue,Shibai Yang,Xu Zhang,Chao Zhang,Wei Fan,Tianxi Liu
Deployable thermal protection systems (DTPS) for deep-space exploration require materials that integrate lightweight design, high deformability, and extreme temperature resistance. However, existing shape memory polymers (SMPs) suffer from limited thermal stability, while shape memory ceramics (SMCs) lack rapid programmability and efficient deployment capability. To overcome these limitations, a shape-memory ceramizable polymer aerogel (SMCPA) is developed capable of sequential self-adaptive thermo-responsive behavior, enabling the integration of structural deployment and thermal protection within a single material system. Upon exposure to high temperatures, SMCPA first undergoes rapid shape recovery to increase the projected area, followed by in situ ceramization at elevated temperatures to form a continuous ablation-resistant ceramic layer. The resultant SMCPA combines ultralow density (0.12 ± 0.02 g cm −3 ), outstanding shape-memory performance (shape fixation ratio of 97.0 ± 0.5% and shape recovery ratio of 94.2 ± 0.6%), with remarkable ablation resistance (mass ablation rate of 0.012 ± 0.003 g s −1 under 1.5 MW m −2 heat flux), outperforming conventional SMPs and SMCs in its ability to simultaneously provide programmable shape change and high-temperature stability. This study demonstrates that SMCPA successfully reconciles the conflict between lightweight deployable structures and high-temperature thermal protection, offering a promising material solution for next-generation DTPS in deep-space missions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
·
高分子科学
·
热防护系统
·
智能材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）