Heliyon
·
2024
·
IF 3.4
Lin Yang,Lulu Liu,Lingbo Ji,Chenxi Jiang,Zhongrong Jiang,Dongliang Li,Zhen Yang,Wen Cai,Quanwei Zhou,Jinshan Lei,Pinhe Li,Yuhong Jia,Jie Liu,Heng Xu,Jun Hu
Cigars have unique aroma and style characteristics. In order to clarify the differences of aroma components between domestic and imported cigars and the material basis of the stylistic characteristics of different cigars, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory evaluation were used to compare and analyze the aroma components in the mainstream smoke of four domestic cigars and two imported cigars. The GC-MS results showed that a total of 97 aroma components were measured in the smoke of the six cigars, and the types of aroma components were similar, but there were differences in their contents. In comparison with those of domestic cigars, imported cigars had suitable nicotine content, and higher contents of phytol, neophytadiene, 3-methylpentanoic acid, and (+)-δ-cadinene. To further explore the differences in the aroma components of the six cigars, GC-MS data combined with chemometrics were used to screen out 14 key aroma components based on P -value (P) < 0.05, Variable Importance Projection (VIP) > 1, and Aroma Activity Values (OAV) > 1. The key aroma components of each cigar were obtained, Snow Dream No. 5: cedrol; Wangguan Guocui: 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, pyridine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine; General Achileus No. 3: p-cresol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, methyl cyclopentenolone; Montecristo No. 4: cedrol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, methyl cyclopentenolone; Romeo y Julieta Wide Churchills: cedrol, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2-heptanone, phenethyl alcohol; Great Wall No. 2: p-cresol, phenethyl alcohol, geranylacetone, methyl cyclopentenolone, dihydroactinidiolide. The odor descriptors of these compounds were consistent with the aroma profiles that were prominent in the senses of each cigar. This experiment initially explored the differences in aroma composition and style characteristics of cigars and provided data to support the quality improvement of domestic cigars.
研究领域:
烟草科学
·
分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
·
2022
·
IF 4.05
Wu Jian,Chen Zhen,Wang Jun,Wang Yiqun,Jiang Jian,Xiao Weiqiang,Xia Qian,Zhang Jiabao,Zhou Guojun,Zhang Junsong,Liang Miao
Cigar tobacco residues are a special air-cured tobacco material with increasing production in domestic. In this present study, the effect of glycerol addition on the pyrolysis characteristic, kinetic behavior, and release of pyrolytic products was investigated by using thermogravimetry coupled with online FTIR and self-built infrared tubular furnace. The thermal weight loss process of cigar tobacco could be divided into four stages, and the glycerol exhibited significant impact on the pyrolysis process. The stage II corresponding the decomposition of volatile components and hemicellulose shifted to the lower temperature accompanied with an increase of DTG max and weight loss at this stage. The T i , T f , and residues were decreased, while the CPI was increased as for the CT-G sample, indicating an increased reactivity and comprehensive pyrolysis performance. Gauss peak fitting was used to separate the pyrolysis process of different pseudocomponents in the tobacco biomass. Pyrolysis kinetic analysis based on Coats-Redfern method showed that the activation energy for the decomposition of each pseudocomponents decreased after the addition of glycerol. The online FTIR and MS analysis also reflected the interaction between glycerol and biomass through the release of pyrolytic gaseous products. GC–MS was further used to analyze the compositions of pyrolytic products in the trapped particulate matter under different heating rates. High heating rate was beneficial for the sufficient release of pyrolysis products and aroma compounds. The glycerol addition inhibited the generation of alkaloids, phenols, esters, ketones, acids, and heterocyclic compounds, indicating some effect may exist between cigar tobacco and glycerol.
研究领域:
能源科学
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化学工程
·
烟草科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
·
2024
·
IF 3.5
Liang Miao,Wang Yiqun,Dai Shuiping,Hong Liu,Li Ruili,Xu Zhenyu,Su Jiakun,Zhang Junsong
Cigar is a kind of air-dried tobacco raw material with different physical structures and chemical compositions compared with flue-cured tobacco. The pyrolysis and thermal release characteristics of cigar tobacco are important for advancing their use in heat-not-burn cigarette. In this study, the thermal release behavior of cigar tobacco with different glycerol additions under heating conditions was analyzed by thermogravimetric technique as well as a self-built infrared rapid heating furnace combined with GC–MS analysis. The results showed that the thermal weight loss process of cigar tobacco could be divided into three stages. The addition of glycerol exhibited significant impact on pyrolysis process, especially in the stage II, accompanied by a decrease in T max , an increase in DTG max , and weight loss at this stage. Thermal release kinetic analysis of stage II by Coats-Redfern method showed an increased activation energy and pre-exponential factor. With the amount of glycerol addition increasing, the total aroma components released from cigar tobacco showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing at both heating rates, and reached the highest level when the glycerol addition amount was 20%. By means of multi-factor analysis of variance, the significance of heating rate and glycerol addition as well as the optimum combination between them that could maximize the release of various types of aroma components was determined. This study may be beneficial for the reasonable utilization of cigar tobacco in related products.
研究领域:
烟草科学
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热化学分析
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DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Zhang Xiaowei,Wang Shuqi,Zhang Ke,Feng Liang,Xu Anchuan,Zhong Risheng,Chen Dan,Wang Chunqiong,Zhang Jiwu,Wan Yueying,Long Jie,Chen Haitao
Cigar is a flavor-dependent cash crop. However, the key aroma compounds of tobacco leaves are less studied. In this study, we used molecular sensory science to explore the key aroma compounds of cigar tobacco leaves from three different origins in Yunnan, China. The results showed that a total of 33 aroma compounds were quantitatively analyzed in the three tobaccos, among which there were eight key aroma components in YXYY, eight in DHYY, and four in PEYY with odor activity value (OAV)≥1 and flavor dilution (FD)≥2. Through recombination and omission experiments, the key aroma actives were further identified as phytol, acetic acid, isovaleric acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, and (E)-5-isopropyl-8-methylnona-6,8-dien-2-one in YXYY, styrene, (E)-5-isopropyl-8-methylnona-6,8-dien-2-one, irisone, and phytol in DHYY, and acetic acid, styrene, and phytol in PEYY. In conclusion the present study revealed the key aroma compounds and their differences in cigar tobacco from three different origins. It provides insights for a comprehensive exploration of the unique flavors of cigars.
研究领域:
农业科学
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食品科学
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植物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
·
2024
·Vol. 2024
·期 1
·9583022
·
IF 2.3
Yuping Wu,Haiyu Zhang,Wenyuan Wang,Guanghui Kong,Zaiming Li,Tikun Zhang,Miaochang Wang,Dong Yang,Chengming Zhang,Yongping Li,Jin Wang
To characterize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aromatic sensory properties in Yun cigar, 27 samples from four origins were analyzed using SPME–HS–GC/MS and sensory analysis. The investigation results were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), Fisher linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and Pearson correlation analysis. In Yunnan cigars, the content of nicotine and neophytadiene accounted for over 90% of the total VOC content. Nicotine was significantly positively correlated with neophytadiene and phytol. The cigars from four origins were clearly classified by the PCA of VOCs. Four region discrimination functions were established through the LDA of 14 compounds, and the validation accuracy was 100%. The sensory descriptors with the highest geometric mean were woody, roasted, fresh-sweet, bean, and scorched. Acetophenone, megastigmatrienone A, and thunbergene were positively correlated with multiple aroma descriptors, while nicotine was negatively correlated with multiple aroma descriptors.
研究领域:
植物化学
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食品科学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Plant Science
·
2025
·
IF 4.8
Xiaowei Zhang,Tianyu Dong,Dan Chen,Haowei Sun,Anchuan Xu,Chunqiong Wang,Dan Li,Jieyun Cai,Lingduo Bu,Ke Zhang,Haitao Chen
The flavor of cigar smoke directly influences the consumer’s willingness to purchase. However, the analysis of cigar smoke was lack. In this research, a total of 235 volatile compounds were identified by GC×GC-TOFMS in cigar smoke from Yuxi, Dehong and Pu’er regions of Yunnan, including 72 alkenes, 47 aromatic hydrocarbons, 42 heterocyclics, 28 ketones, 8 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, 3 esters, 13 phenols, 5 acetonitrile and 13 others. ROAV analysis indicated that o-cresol, guaiacol, 2,6-dimethyl-phenol, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, butylbenzene, naphthalene, nicotine and D-limonene might be the key flavor compounds. By OPLS-DA, 2-methyl-pyridine, 2,4-dimethylfuran, 2-carene, 13-heptadecyn-1-ol, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-benzene, 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-1,5,9-decatrien, 1-ethyl-4-methyl-benzene, β-elemene, methyl isobutyl ketone and 3-methylcyclopentanone were found to be the differential volatiles distinguishing samples from different areas. Eventually, 5 groups of potential flavor precursors were summarized and identified (cembranoid, phenylalanine, chlorophyll, carotenoid and reducing sugar). This research has provided theoretical guidance for the improvement of flavor quality of cigar smoke in Yunnan.
研究领域:
分析化学
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食品科学
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烟草化学
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代谢组学
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风味化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Ge Zhang,Kuo Huang,Qiuxuan Xie,Qingchang Li,Dong Li,Changwen Ye,Chen He,Hongru Xi,Wei Ding,Qingyuan Hu
Introduction: Mold-derived contamination in cigar tobacco leaves causes severe economic losses and health risks due to mycotoxin production. This study aimed to identify early-warning biomarkers for mold and elucidate their interaction with fungal communities.Method: Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with high-throughput sequencing was employed to profile volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fungal communities during artificial molding.Results: A total of 72 VOCs were detected, with four compounds (2-methyl-1-butanol-M, 2-methyl-1-butanol-D, 2-propanone, and 1-penten-3-ol) identified as early-warning biomarkers through VIP > 1 and P < 0.05, showing 1.31.5-fold increases in early mold stages (MB3). Furthermore, fungal diversity sharply declined post-molding (OTUs reduced by 85.7%), with Aspergillus dominating (>99.45% abundance), and exhibiting strong positive correlations with 1-penten-3-ol (ρ = 0.61) and benzaldehyde-M (ρ = 0.67).Discussion: These findings provide actionable biomarkers for industrial mold prevention and insights into fungal-VOC interaction, with implications for perishable crop storage.
研究领域:
微生物组学
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分析化学
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食品科学
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农业生物技术
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环境微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Dan Chen,Haitao Chen,Haowei Sun,Yifei Man,Jie Long,Mengying Liu,Jieyun Cai,Dan Li,Shibin Xu,Kai Liu,Shuqi Wang
Introduction: This study focused on three kinds of cigar tobacco leaves (Yunxue 6, Yunxue 36, Yunxue 2) produced in Yunnan region, and through the systematic analysis of their physicochemical properties and aroma components of the smoke, the transformation pattern of aroma compounds and their origins during combustion were deeply investigated.Methods: In the experiments, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) techniques were used to comprehensively qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the volatile constituents in the tobacco and its smoke, and combined with the conventional chemical composition detection, to reveal the physicochemical properties of Yunnan cigar tobacco and its influence mechanism on the smoke flavor.Results: Yunnan cigar tobacco exhibits distinct chemical characteristics with low sugar (0.12%–0.16%), high nitrogen (2.84%–4.56%) and alkaloid (2.32%–5.56%) contents, along with imbalanced nitrogen-alkali and potassium-chlorine ratios, affecting its combustion and sensory properties. Smoke analysis identified 144 volatile compounds, predominantly heterocyclic, aromatic and olefinic substances, with elevated pyrazines and pyridines contributing roasted, nutty and smoky notes. GC-O-MS analysis revealed 51 key aroma-active components, demonstrating greater complexity in core tobacco (YXYY) than wrapper tobacco (DHYY, PEYY).Discussion: Combustion transforms precursors (carotenoids, cedranes, phenylalanine) into characteristic aromas through pyrolysis and Maillard reactions, enhancing flavor complexity. This study first elucidates the chemical basis of Yunnan cigar’s characteristic aroma, providing theoretical support for quality improvement, process optimization and product differentiation in domestic cigar production. It fills research gaps in Chinese cigar aerochemistry and establishes a foundation for precision cultivation (e.g., chlorine regulation) and targeted fermentation processes to enhance cigar quality.
研究领域:
食品化学
·
分析化学
·
农学
·
风味化学
·
植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）