The applications of flexible sensors that can mimic biological skin have enormous potential in areas, such as artificial intelligence and healthcare detection. The existing rigid/flexible pressure sensors mainly rely on resistive or capacitive sensors, necessitating a continuous external power supply. The current self-powered sensors, such as triboelectric and piezoelectric, struggle to continuously measure static forces. Some piezoelectric sensors can detect static forces but require additional power or external resistors for static measurements. Developing a flexible sensor that can monitor various external stimuli like skin and does not require power can address these shortcomings. This article proposes a single-mode flexible pressure sensor based on the principle of air battery. By introducing different structures to the cathode and solid electrolyte of the battery, the sensor’s linearity and pressure detection range can be significantly improved. The sensor’s linearity exceeds 99% under pressures ranging from 0 to 45 kPa, with a response time of less than 50 ms. Besides, self-powered sensor can work continuously for over eight days. Testing shows that the sensor can mimic the functions of rapid adaptive (RA), slow adaptive (SA) cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and Krause corpuscles to detect mechanical stimuli and temperature. This work introduces novel strategy to enhance the performance of battery powered self-powered sensors, with anticipated applications in areas, such as medical health detection and artificial intelligence.
Electronic skin (E-skin) has attracted considerable attention for simulating the human sensory system for use in prosthetics, human–machine interactions, and healthcare monitoring. However, it is still challenging to fully mimic the skin function that can de-couple stimuli such as normal/tangential forces, contact/non-contact behaviors, and react to high-frequency inputs. Herein, we propose fully bionic E-skin (FBE-skin), which consists of a magnetized micro-cilia array (MMCA), a micro-dome array (MDA), and flexible electrodes to completely duplicate the hairy layer, epidermis/dermis interface, and subcutaneous mechanoreceptors of human skin. The optimized MDA and interdigital electrode enable the FBE-skin to perceive static forces with a linear sensitivity of 96.6 kPa−1 up to 100 kPa, while the branch of electromagnetic induction allows the FBE-skin to sensitively capture dynamic stimuli with vibrating signals up to 100 Hz. The top-down integration of MDA and MMCA not only replicates the three-dimensional structure of human skin, but also synergistically provides the FBE-skin with bionic rapidly adapting (RA) and slowly adapting (SA) receptors. Consequently, the FBE-skin is capable of perceiving dynamic/static, normal/tangential, and contact/non-contact stimuli with a broad range of working pressures and frequencies. We expect that the design of FBE-skin will be promising for widespread applications from intelligent sensing to human–machine interactions.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）