Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2022
·
IF 11.072
Jie Chen,Jianzhong Ma,Qianqian Fan,Wenbo Zhang
Chrome-free tanning agent is of great significance because it can eliminate the notable environmental pollution of chrome tanning. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the products of the desired combination of metal ions and organic ligands, which make them the born self-masking tanning agent. Herein, a series of Zr-MOFs were prepared by a solvothermal method, and then applied in leather tanning process. Among the Zr-MOFs family, UiO-66 tanned leather exhibited the highest shrinkage temperature ( T s ) of 75.3 °C. Meanwhile, the smaller particle size and self-masking structure of Zr-MOFs allowed for the uniform distribution in collagen fibers matrix, thus giving improved physical-mechanical and organoleptic properties . It was noted that 80% metal usage reduced could be achieved with Zr-MOF as tanning agent comparing with conventional zirconium sulfate. It was found that Zr 4+ of Zr-MOFs could mainly coordinate with -COOH and -NH 2 groups in collagen fibers to form a stable cross-linked structure. In addition, the BOD 5 /COD value (>0.3) of Zr-MOF tanning waste liquor indicated good biodegradability , further confirming the eco-friendly metal-less tanning process. All results indicate that the proposed Zr-MOFs will promote the eco-friendly metal-less tanning process and open a new chapter for the chrome-free tannage.
研究领域:
皮革化学与工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2023
·
IF 5.9
Yuanhang Xiao,Chunhua Wang,Jiajing Zhou,Jianhui Wu,Wei Lin
Natural renewable materials have been engineered to synthesize functional products because of their wide availability and excellent biodegradability. Particularly, vegetable polyphenols have been regarded as sustainable tanning agents in the leather industry. However, the non-covalent binding nature and high consumption of polyphenols in the leather matrix have limited its potential for replacing chrome tannage. In this work, we developed a series of new polyphenol derivatives by selectively conjugating cyanuric chloride (CC) with phenolic group, and therefore introduced covalent binding moieties in polyphenol for the tanning process. Specifically, polyphenols with different molecular sizes, i.e., tannic acid (TA), ellagic acid (EA), and gallic acid (GA), were modified and evaluated in a comparative study. The obtained triazine-conjugated polyphenol derivatives (i.e., GACC, EACC, and TACC) exhibited appropriate molecular weight (460−1130 Da) and superior stability in the tanning bath (pH ∼8.0), which can effectively penetrate collagen networks. We further investigated the tanning performance of GACC, EACC, TACC, and a commercial triazine tanning agent (i.e., SACC). These polyphenol derivatives exhibited covalent and non-covalent synergistic interaction with collagen, endowing leather with excellent fiber dispersion and overall performance (i.e., thermal stability, organoleptic and physical properties). Of note, the tanning system effectively reduced the dosage of polyphenols and organic carbon emission and improved the biodegradability of wastewater. Together with these outstanding results, we envision that this work will pave the promising way for eco-leather manufacturing.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2019
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IF 6.97
Kaijun Li,Ruiquan Yu,Ruixin Zhu,Ruifeng Liang,Gongyan Liu,Biyu Peng
In this work, pH-sensitive and chromium-loaded mineralized nanoparticles (Cr-PPA NPs) were developed by self-assembly of poly (poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (poly(PEG-co-AA)) copolymers templated Cr(OH)3 mineralization. The Cr-PPA NPs exhibit excellent colloidal stability in water with high salt concentration, protein, and pH above 3.0. As a novel chrome tanning agent, such Cr-PPA NPs could effectively protect and deliver chromium into pickled pelt without reacting with collagen fibers during the penetration process, due to its antifouling PEG surface and nanosize. When the interior pH of the pickled pelt was lower than 2.5, the dissolution of the mineralized Cr(OH)3 core would cause disassembly of Cr-PPA NPs and rapid release of Cr3+ ions, leading to uniform chromium distribution in leather. After basifying, the released Cr3+ ions would cross-link the carboxyl groups both on collagen fibers and poly(PEG-co-AA) copolymers, resulting in chromium adsorption efficiency in leather higher than 90% and less chromium discharge in wastewater. Simultaneously, the resultant leather was given enhanced hydrothermal stability and physical properties based on above efficient chromium cross-linking. Compared with traditional chrome tanning agent, this pH-sensitive Cr-PPA NPs can really break through the existing balance limitation between chromium penetration and combination in the conventional tanning process and become a promising strategy for cleaner leather production.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2021
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IF 9.297
Xinhua Liu,Wanni Wang,Xuechuan Wang,Siwei Sun,Chao Wei
Comprehensive promotion of chrome-free organic tanning system has become an inevitable trend for cleaner production in leather manufacturing industry. However, the imbalance of interface charge between conventional anionic wet finishing material and organic tanned leather leads to poor quality of finished leather. Herein, a novel amphoteric polymer P (AA-AM-C 12 DM) as retanning and fatliquoring dual-functional wet finishing material was prepared by free radical polymerization using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) dodecyl ammonium bromide (C 12 DM) as raw materials in an aqueous system and further applied in TWS organic tanned leather. Comprehensive structural and performance characterization of P (AA-AM-C 12 DM) confirmed the presence of amphoteric groups and hydrophobic long chains in its structure. Number average molecular weight and isoelectric point were determined to be 6396 g mol −1 and 5.16, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties, morphology of the P (AA-AM-C 12 DM)-treated leather, and their reactivities to anionic dye were investigated. The effect of hydrogen bond and ionic bond , which resulted from reactions between the carboxyl groups , amide groups, cation N + in P (AA-AM-C 12 DM), and the pendant amino groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups from collagen fibers, benefitted in enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of crust leather and their reactivity to anionic dye. Moreover, P (AA-AM-C 12 DM) showed remarkable environmental benefits compared to the commercial fatliquor, by significantly promoting dye absorption as high as 96.57%. These findings provide a potential application of P (AA-AM-C 12 DM) to coordinate well with an ecological chrome-free organic tanning system, significantly promoting the cleaner production in the leather industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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皮革化学与工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2015
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IF 4.642
Taotao Qiang,Xin Gao,Jing Ren,Xiaoke Chen,Xuechuan Wang
This paper discusses the terminal carboxyl groups of the hyperbranched polymer (HPAE-C) complexing Al3+ in aluminum sulfate to synthesis a new chrome-free tanning agent (HPC-Al). The molecular structure of HPC-Al was characterized and analyzed by IR, UV, and XRD. In the tanning process, the results indicate the following: (1) The shrinkage temperature of HPC-Al tanning leather is 79.5 °C. (2) The shrinkage temperature is greater than 95 °C after chrome retanning and about 87 °C after zirconium retanning. (3) It has greatly improved the fullness, softness, and physical-mechanical properties of the leather. Meanwhile, the environmental impact assessment after tanning was evaluated. The results show that biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids are reduced. This indicates that the use of HPC-Al as a tanning agent, with chrome-free or chrome-less tanning, can be achieved.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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皮革化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2023
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IF 15.1
Jie Chen,Jianzhong Ma,Qianqian Fan,Wenbo Zhang,Ruyue Guo
The development of chrome-free tanning agents is of great significance for the green and sustainable improvement of the leather industry. Metal organic framework (MOFs) is a kind of nanomaterial with steady framework formed by the coordination of metal clusters with organic ligands, which gives it a natural self-masking structure. Herein, two kinds of bimetallic MOFs were obtained via post-synthesis modification and used in the tanning to produce leather with good hydrothermal stability. M n+ - replacing Zr-MOFs is denoted as Zr/M−MOFs (M n+ = Ti 4+ , Al 3+ ). Zr/M−MOFs were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TG, XPS, and N 2 adsorption/desorption. The results indicate that M n+ - replacing provides more active site that can be combined with collagen fibers. Compared to the Zr-MOFs tanned leather (75.3 °C), the shrinkage temperature of Zr/M−MOFs tanned leather (79.9 °C) has been further improved. In addition, Zr/M−MOFs can also avoid the problems caused by traditional metal tanning, such as the worse washability of aluminum tanning. A new strategy to improve the tanning performance of MOFs-based tanning agents was provided. It gives a new approach to the development of chrome-free tanning agents.
研究领域:
材料科学
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皮革化学与工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2020
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IF 7.246
Lidong Yu,Xihuai Qiang,Lu Cui,Bo Chen,Xinke Wang,Xiaohui Wu
In this research, a syntan containing active chlorine groups (SACG) was synthesized by the condensation of phenol sulfonic acid condensation product (PSAC) and cyanuric chloride (TCT). The structure and composition of as-received syntans were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal properties and morphology of the tanned leather were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the multi-point active chlorine groups in syntans had an excellent cross-linking effect on collagen fibers, which increased the shrinkage temperature of leather to 81.6 °C. The tensile strength , the tearing strength, and the thickening rate of the tanned leather were 14.26 MPa, 42.56 N/mm, and 78.3%, respectively. The tanned leather exhibited flat and fine grain. The collagen fibers showed uniform dispersion. Besides, the SACG had remarkable environmental benefits compared with the traditional chrome tanning system by significantly reducing the content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), dissolved solids (DS), suspended solids (SS), chloride, and total chromium analyses (T Cr ) in tannery wastewater and thus could be applied to non-pickling tanning system. Moreover, the SACG tanning technology is a promoting chrome-free tanning technology because of the facile, cost-effective, and environment-friendly performance, suggesting that this technology has great potential to be widely applied in leather manufacturing.
研究领域:
化学
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皮革科学与工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
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2022
·Vol. 29
·期 20
·30337-30347
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IF 5.19
Yang Shuyi,Zou Hongtao,Cheng Ying,Tao E.
Owing to containing high fraction of organic matter, the tannery sludge seemed to be fit for composting. Actually, it was intensively harmful to the environment, due to containing chromium (Cr). So it might undergo a long time of storage until finding a proper way to dispose it. In the storage period, it would expose the surrounding environment a risk via releasing Cr. In this study, an approach was proposed to minimize the amount of released Cr, and reveal the mechanism on immobilizing Cr. Collagen protein waste (CPW) was adopted to immobilize Cr, and it was evaluated via leaching experiment. The lowest leaching concentration of Cr was 12 mg/L, meeting the limits of related standard in China (GB 5085.3–2007, Tcr < 15 mg/L). Moreover, the compositions and functional groups of the optimum sample (12 mg/L) were also characterized, confirming that the dominant functional groups cross-linking with Cr were hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and epoxy (-COC). Importantly, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also employed, suggesting that Cr was restrained by accepting electrons from O atoms donating by functional groups.
研究领域:
环境科学
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生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER
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2025
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IF 4.5
Yuanhang Xiao,Yixuan Wang,Keshuai Ren,Chunhua Wang,Jun Sang,Mingjun Ma,Liang Ma,Wei Lin
Amphoteric polymers as leather retanning agents are considered to effectively address the charge imbalance between chrome-free tanned leather and common anionic wet finishing materials, and improve the quality of finished leather. However, the currently existed high chemical dosage and tedious wet finishing process associated with chrome-free tanning inevitably lead to high pollution emission and energy consumption. Herein, an amphoteric acrylic polymer (i.e., AARFA) with retanning and fatliquoring functions was prepared by free radical polymerization, which exhibited broad molecular weight (10−100 kDa) and appropriate particle size (∼200 nm). Molecular dynamics simulations and experiments showed that AARFA exhibited good dispersion in water and its aggregation behavior can be modulated by adjusting pH. We then applied AARFA in the rapid and reduced wet finishing process (RRWF) for two kinds of typical chrome-free tanned leather. Compared with conventional wet finishing (CWF) process (i.e., 10 % retanning agents and 10 % fatliquor), 12 % AARFA afforded leather dispersed collagen fibers, improved physical and sensory properties, and excellent dyeing performance. The RRWF process can effectively save work time by ∼31 %, reduce chemical consumption by ∼35 % and exhibit better wastewater degradability. Our developed RRWF process offer the promise for the chrome-free leather manufacturing towards low energy consumption and less carbon emissions.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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皮革化学与工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
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2025
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IF 3.3
Mingrui Zhang,Zonghuan Ba,Jie Liu,Yong Lei,Mǎdǎlina Georgiana Albu Kaya,Keyong Tang
Due to the variations in deterioration and the diversity of tanning processes, the identification of leather artifacts is a challenge. In the present work, a non-destructive and rapid identification method is provided by combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with principal component analysis (PCA). By analyzing a total of 4 types, encompassing with 30 model sets, this method has been proven effective in eliminating interference related to the deterioration and overcoming key obstacles in identifying the leather manufacturing process of the leather artifacts. Two pieces of leather artifacts representing different periods, regions, and animal types were studied using the proposed method. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to verify the identification results and method accuracy. In addition, by evaluating against the models, the alkaline treated sample showed higher reliability compared to the acid treated one. This method effectively addressed the challenges in accurately identifying the leather tanning processes and demonstrated the importance of analyzing and conserving a wider range collagen-based artifacts.
研究领域:
文物保护
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化学分析
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·Vol. 27
·期 2
·498-516
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IF 9.3
Chao Wei,Xuechuan Wang,Shuang Liang,Xiaoliang Zou,Long Xie,Xinhua Liu
The traditional leather industry holds a significant position within the global manufacturing sector, contributing both economically and socially. Relentless multifunctional material-innovation for sustainable leather-manufacture is the only pathway to completely solve the current environmental concerns including widescale discharge of waste and chemicals. Herein, we address these limitations by developing a scalable and sustainable “one-for-all” strategy based on a synthetic multifunctional fluorescent amphoteric polymer (referred to as AADs) through free radical polymerization and amidation grafting reactions achieving a breakthrough leather eco-manufacturing evolution. The resulting AADs effectively integrate the all-round multifunctionalities of tanning, retanning, fatliquoring, regulable color dyeing, and anti-counterfeiting marking into leather. The interfacial multi-point cross-linking of AADs with natural collagen fibers in leather enhances crust-leather with a shrinkage temperature (Ts) exceeding 77 °C and standard-compliant mechanical properties, scratch resistance, and fluorescence for anti-counterfeiting purposes through the creation of distinctive patterns such as barcodes and QR codes. The formative covalent-bonding between the two significantly enhances dye fixation, resulting in leathers with superior durability against rubbing and washing. This innovative process not only reduces the processing time from 1095–2360 min to 500 min and cuts down leather chemical usage by 47.5–74.8%, but also lowers water consumption by 82.6–90% through streamlining multiple primary procedures into a single process. Furthermore, AADs robustly minimize human health risks by 55–71.6% and decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 38.2–52.4% and environmental impacts by 49.3–58.8%, lowering the carbon and environmental footprint of leather production. The innovation of the “one-for-all” process based on emerging multifunctional materials aligns with global sustainability goals, fundamentally aiding the leather industry in transitioning towards more sustainable practices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
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2022
·Vol. 24
·期 9
·3750-3758
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IF 11.034
Wei Ding,Javier Remón,Zhicheng Jiang
High-profile chrome (Cr) pollution from tanning and potential health hazards from released leather dyes and pigments from leather products restrict the sustainable development of the leather industry. Herein, we report on a novel ‘Two Birds with One Stone’ strategy to simultaneously eliminate Cr and colorant pollutions using a Cr-free tanning agent with an in situ dyeing ability. Sucralose, containing an electron-withdrawing group (–Cl), was employed to fabricate a biomass-derived aldehyde tanning agent with in situ dyeing properties (BAT-iDP). This agent formed Schiff-base crosslinks between its aldehyde groups and the amino groups of collagen fibers (CFs), which efficiently dispersed and fixed the CFs, producing tanned leather with sufficient thermal stability (80.2 °C of shrinkage temperature) to meet commercial requirements. Simultaneously, the presence of an auxochrome (–Cl) in the structure of the Schiff-bases formed endowed the tanned leather with a brown color characteristic of leather. As a result, the tanned leather produced with our ‘Two Birds with One Stone’ strategy had excellent dyeing uniformity, color fastness to dry-wet rubbing and favorable mechanical strengths (14.7 N mm−2 of tensile strength and 46.3 N mm−1 of tear strength). This novel approach provides new insights for designing and developing multifunctional sustainable materials towards a greener and carbon-neutral leather industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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皮革化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）