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JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE · 2022 ·Vol. 45 ·期 18 ·3404-3411 · IF 3.614

The presence and transfer characteristics of aflatoxins in medicinal herbs: From raw materials to edible dispensing granules

Yudan Wang,Cheng Zhang,Lei Zhang,Zhen OuYang,Ming Zhao,Jiaoyang Luo,Meihua Yang

In this study, a sensitive and accurate immunoaffinity columns coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography method was established to monitor the presence of aflatoxins—aflatoxin B 1 , aflatoxin B 2 , aflatoxin G 1 , and aflatoxin G 2 —in different medicinal herbs. The proposed method was found to be suitable for the detection of aflatoxins in eight kinds of herbs and their corresponding granules. Two batches of Arecae semen were positive for aflatoxins, with high residue levels of different aflatoxins. To better understand the presence and transfer of aflatoxins during the formulation of dispensing granules from the herbs, the aflatoxins-free herbs were artificially inoculated with Aspergillus flavus to explore aflatoxins production. Both aflatoxin B 1 and aflatoxin B 2 were detected in all inoculated samples, while aflatoxin G 2 was only detected in Astragali radix samples. Additionally, the presence of aflatoxin B 1 was extremely high compared to other aflatoxins. More specifically, the transfer rate of the aflatoxin B 1 and the total aflatoxins from original herbs to granules were both approximately 40%. These findings indicated that the preparation of herbs into dispensing granules reduced the content of aflatoxins. The high-level presence of aflatoxins in inoculated herbs indicated that attention is needed to the safety of A. flavus -contaminated herbs.

CAS / MDL: 9005-64-5 9004-53-9
研究领域: 药学 · 食品安全 · 植物学
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE · 2021 ·Vol. 78 ·期 2 ·812-820 · IF 4.845

Controlled-release granules for the delivery of pymetrozine to roots of transplanted rice seedlings with decreased phytotoxicity and enhanced control efficacy against paddy planthoppers

Fengjiao Hao,Xiaohui Liu,Huizhu Yuan,Xiaojing Yan,Daibin Yang

BACKGROUND Seedling transplanting is widely used in rice cultivation. Systemic insecticides can be delivered to seedling roots by application through rice seedling boxes before transplanting. The most challenging aspect is to provide long-term control of rice pests and overcome transplanting shock. Precise control of the release rate of insecticide can meet these requirements. Pymetrozine is a promising insecticide used for the control of rice planthoppers resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides. RESULTS In this study, four controlled-release granular formulations of pymetrozine were prepared based on a mixture of cost-effective and biodegradable kaolin and xanthan gum or a mixture of calcined kaolin and xanthan gum. Fluorescence images showed that different 3D networks were formed in the four granular formulations. The four granular formulations showed different water uptake rates and release rates of pymetrozine in water. Pymetrozine release rate was positively correlated with the water uptake capacity, rather than the water uptake rate of granules. Diffusion was the dominant mechanism for the release of pymetrozine from granules. Pymetrozine was found to reduce the survival of transplanted rice seedlings suffering from transplanting shock. Incorporating pymetrozine in controlled-release granules alleviated this phytotoxicity. The survival rate of rice seedlings in granular pymetrozine treatments ranged 68.8–85.0%, whereas the survival rate was <50% for powdered pymetrozine treatments. Additionally, four prepared granule formulations had a significant control effect on rice planthopper with efficacies ranging from 76.7% to 98.0% 40 days after seedling box treatment. CONCLUSIONS The granule with an intermediate release rate of pymetrozine was shown to be more suitable for seedling box treatment than field application and traditional liquid spraying for the long-term control of paddy planthoppers. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

研究领域: 农业科学 · 植物保护
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