CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2019
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IF 6.044
Juan-Juan Cao,Qing-Qing Lv,Bao Zhang,Han-Qing Chen
Two polysaccharide fractions (TSP-1 and TSP-2) with molecular weights of 833.6 kDa and 81.6 kDa were isolated from Toona sinensis leaves (Meliaceae) by hot water extraction, DEAE Cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephacryl S-400 gel permeation chromatography. Structural analysis indicated that TSP-1 and TSP-2 consisted of Man p , Glc p A, Glc p , Gal p , Xyl p and Ara f with different molar ratios. Methylation and NMR analysis revealed that the backbone of TSP-1 might consist of 1,6-linked-Glc p , 1,3,6-linked-Man p and 1,6-linked-Gal p , while TSP-2 was mainly composed of 1,3,5-linked-Ara f , 1,6-linked-Glc p , 1,4-linked-Xyl p and 1,6-linked-Gal p . Congo red assay indicated that TSP-1 and TSP-2 had no triple-helix structure, which was consistent with the results of AFM. In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that TSP-1 and TSP-2 could improve CCl 4 -induced mice liver injury by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and the level of MDA, increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and the level of GSH in liver and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in liver. These results suggest that TSP-1 and TSP-2 have promising potential to serve as hepatoprotective agents.
研究领域:
药理学
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生物化学
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植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 3.8
Wenyu Gao,Guanying Shi,Lihua Zhang,Zhaogai Wang,Wei Zong
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, E.C.2.3.2.2) has great applications in the food industry, but there is no commercially available bacterial GGT on the market. In this paper, response surface methodology was used to optimize the yield of Bacillus licheniformis GGT ( Bl GGT). The enzyme was extracted and used to catalyze the synthesis of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in Toona sinensis (TS). The results showed that the optimal conditions for fermentation of GGT production were: lactose 8 g/L, tryptone: soybean meal (1:1) 15 g/L, MgSO 4 ·7 H 2 O 0.5 g/L, K 2 HPO 4 1 g/L, inoculum volume of 5 % v/v, initial pH 8.0, loading volume of 50 mL, and fermentation temperature of 37.0 ℃. Under this condition, the enzyme activity of GGT reached 918.38 ± 0.012 U/L, which was 19 times higher than the activity under the initial medium conditions. In addition, when the GGT was added to the precursor extract from TS, it was noteworthy that VSCs in TS were regained, with the total amount reaching 30.38 μg/mL. The optimization of the fermentation medium to increase the yield of Bl GGT may also provide valuable data for the large-scale production of GGT. The results of this study provide an effective pathway for the synthesis of unique VSCs in TS.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 5.7
Guanying Shi,Wenyu Gao,Zuobing Xiao,Le Zhang,Pengfei Jiang,Lili Zhao,Zhaogai Wang,Zhimin Xu
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in Toona sinensis shoot (TS) was extracted and purified through salt precipitation, ion-exchange column, and gel filtration chromatography methods. The GGT had two peptides with M.W. 35 and 50 kDa. Its function in the formation of TS sulfur-containing volatiles (SCVs) was evaluated. The highest GGT hydrolytic activity was at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. Its activity was enhanced by Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, and Ba2+ and reduced by Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. The SCVs reached the highest level at GGT to TS sulfur-containing precursors extract 1:20. The aroma produced by GGT from the extract was similar to that of raw TS, especially for the cooked onion-like/TS-like flavor. These results revealed the characteristics and function of GGT in TS on sulfurous aroma formation. It could be applied to retrieve the production of sulfur-containing aroma from thermally preserved TS or similar vegetables, which lost GGT activity irreversibly during heat drying.
研究领域:
植物生物化学
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食品科学
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酶学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Plant Gene
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2021
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IF 0
Hu Zhao,Xiaopu Shi,Cheng Shen,Caifeng Chen,Jiyuan Liu,Changqing Qu
Toon bud is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, which not only have nutritional value but also have health benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation during storage remain unclear. In our report, small RNA libraries from toon buds were synthesized after three storage period (0, 3, and 5 days) at 4 °C. Overall, 303 homologous sequences with known microRNA (conserved miRNAs homology) and 19 putative novel miRNAs were obtained using Illumina sequencing technology. Furthermore, the potential target unigenes of these miRNAs were predicted. Of the predicted miRNAs and their target unigenes, 17 conserved miRNAs and their target unigenes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Exactly 11 miRNAs involved in the flavonoid pathway and 6 miRNAs targeting transcription factors displayed significant correlation with flavonoid accumulation in toon buds. The findings will be helpful for better understanding flavonoid accumulation in toon buds during storage.
研究领域:
植物科学
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分子生物学
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食品科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 8.5
Zhaogai Wang,Lili Zhao,Pengfei Jiang,Guanying Shi,Le Zhang,Wenkui Zhu,Zhimin Xu
Sulfur-containing compounds are responsible for the aroma of Toona sinensis shoot (TS). In this study, vacuum-freeze-drying (VFD), microwave-drying (MD), and hot-air-drying at 100 and 40 °C (HAD100 and HAD40, respectively), were applied to dehydrate perishable TS for preservation. VFD-TS retained most aroma of fresh/raw TS after rehydration. The content of sulfur-containing compounds reached to 118.00 µg/g with leading by methyl thiirane, ( E,E )/( E,Z )/( Z,Z )-bis-(1-propenyl) disulfides, and ( Z )/( E )-2-mercapto-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothiophenes accounting for 86.33 %. They were undetected in the rehydrated MD-TS and HAD100-TS, as the indigenous enzymes in TS were deactivated under their dehydration conditions. Interestingly, the sulfur-containing compounds was restored by 77.47 % after the TS was treated by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Thus, the release of sulfur-containing compounds from TS could depend on GGT reaction. It was different from alliaceous vegetables relying on alliinase reaction. The results revealed the aroma formation in TS and provided an approach to enhance the aroma of TS dried by different methods.
研究领域:
食品科学
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农学
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化学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2019
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IF 5.399
Wenxi Yang,Keith R. Cadwallader,Yuping Liu,Mingquan Huang,Baoguo Sun
Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem. (TS) possesses a unique and pleasant flavor and is consumed as a popular seasonal vegetable in certain parts of eastern and southeastern Asia. The potent odorants in raw and cooked TS were identified by combined sensory and instrumental analysis techniques, including sensory descriptive aroma profiling and two complimentary volatile isolation methods combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) techniques. Highly volatile odorants were determined by static headspace dilution analysis (SHDA)-GC-O, while those of intermediate- and semi-volatility were determined by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation-aroma extract dilution analysis (SAFE-AEDA). Among the numerous odorants identified by SHDA and SAFE-AEDA, ( E,E )- bis -(1-propenyl) disulfide was found to be predominant in both raw and cooked TS. In agreement with results of sensory descriptive analysis, hexanal, ( Z )-3-hexenal, ( E )-2-hexenal and ( Z )-3-hexen-1-ol contributed green, grassy and leafy aroma notes; while hydrogen sulfide, methyl thiirane, ( E,E )- bis -(1-propenyl) disulfide and ( E , Z )- bis -(1-propenyl) disulfide contributed pungent, sulfurous and alliaceous notes in TS.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
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2023
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IF 5.2
Jingyu Wang,Lei Zhou,Zixu Wang,Ye Tao,Lin Chen,Wangang Zhang
This study was designed to investigate the effects of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) on extraction efficiency and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds from Toona sinensis seeds (TSSs) compared with ethanol and water extraction methods. The single factor experiment was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of TSSs phenolic compounds on NADESs. Results indicate that the NADES of choline chloride-oxalic acid (CC-OA) with a molar ratio of 2:1 (solid/liquid ratio: 1:90 (m/v), extraction time: 30 min) showed the highest total phenolic content (32.58 mg GAE/g DW) and antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging activity: 95.94%) compared with ethanol or water extraction. In addition, 15 main phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts of CC-OA solvent, while only 9 and 6 main compounds were identified in the extracts of ethanol and water solvents, respectively. The molecular dynamic simulation result illustrates that the high extraction efficiency of the NADES mainly attributing to their high compatibility as well as hydrogen interaction between ellagic acid (the main polyphenol in TSSs) and CC-OA solvent. In summary, the NADES (CC-OA at the ratio of 2:1) showed superior extraction efficiency on TSSs phenolic compound compared with ethanol or water extraction which could be an environmentally friendly method for the high-value utilization of TSSs.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物化学
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分析化学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
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2022
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IF 1.467
Yi Zhang,Jing Meng,Shuai Wang,Dongyu Gu,Xingtao Lin,Dezhi Huang,Yi Yang
Toona sinensis is a traditional vegetable with rich nutrition and wide biological activity. In our previous study, an active composition against α-amylase was screened from T. sinensis by ligand fishing. To investigate the effect of T. sinensis on other targets of antidiabetes, in this work, α-glucosidase was immobilized on polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles to further screen the compounds against α-glucosidase by ligand fishing. The enzyme activity test showed that the 70% ethanol extract of T. sinensis (crude sample) had weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but after extraction with different solvents, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. After immobilization of α-glucosidase on polydopamine (PDA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles, the properties of the enzyme were characterized and determined, and then quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside was screened by ligand fishing and isolated by high-speed counter-current chromatography using the two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:5:1:5, v/v). The results of enzymes assay showed that the screened compound (IC50 value of 374.94 ± 4.35 μg/mL) possessed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The presented results not only proved that ligand fishing based on polydopamine-coated magnetic α-glucosidase was an effective method for the rapid discovery of natural active substances, but also further strengthened the evidence of antidiabetic effect of T. sinensis.
研究领域:
生物化学
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药理学
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纳米技术
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植物科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Song Yang,Qian Zhu,Xinqi Ye,Jiagang Guo,Jingjing Du,Yuhan Wu,Jian Jiang,Zhien Ding
Toona sinensis is a unique perennial deciduous tree in China, and its buds are popular vegetables with unique flavors and high nutritional value. In this study, we produced fermented T. sinensis buds using a commercial strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and utilized widely targeted metabolomics to investigate the effect of each Lactobacillus fermentation method on the metabolite composition of fermented T. sinensis buds. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in the metabolic profile between each fermented T. sinensis bud group and the control group. The metabolite profiles of T. sinensis buds fermented for 48 h and 68 h were similar, but both differed significantly from the metabolite profiles of T. sinensis buds fermented for 0 h. Compared with the control group, the T. sinensis buds fermented for 48 h and 68 h had high levels of flavonoids , alkaloids and lipids . In addition, the hypoglycemia test data showed that fermentation significantly increased the ability of T. sinensis buds to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, and the extract of fermented T. sinensis buds significantly improved glucose uptake by IR-HepG2 cells. This study suggests that metabolomics is an effective approach for revealing the differences in metabolite profiles in T. sinensis buds fermented for different durations and is useful for clarifying the mechanism by which fermented T. sinensis buds enhance hypoglycemic activity .
研究领域:
食品科学
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代谢组学
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药理学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
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2024
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IF 2.9
Wen Yao,Chen Geping,Zhang Xiaobing
The present study aimed to evaluate the polysaccharides extracted from Toona sinensis seeds using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES). The extracted polysaccharides (TSRP) were purified and studied for their hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. The purified polysaccharides (TSRPs-1) were hydrolyzed and derivatized to study their monosaccharide composition. The optimum extraction conditions were DES (choline chloride to oxalic acid) at a molar ratio of 1.473:1, ultrasound time of 50.643 min, and a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:31.838 g/mL. The ultrasound-assisted DES extraction was more effective (56.1%) as compared to the water extraction (35.89%). The inhibition of α-glucosidase by TSRPs-1 was 42.77% at a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL. At 3.2 mg/mL, TSRPs-1 inhibited α-amylase by 34.38%. The clearance of DPPH by TSRPs-1 was 24.36% at 3.2 mg/mL. The IC 50 for ABTS· + clearance by TSRPs-1 was 0.233 mg/mL. It was shown that the monosaccharides of TSRPs-1 were composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Xyl, and Ara in a molar ratio of 1:563.13:41.81:51.20:21.81:2244.58:3.73:1130.48. In this paper, the process of extracting TSRP with ultrasound-assisted DES was investigated and optimized. TSRPs-1 possesses certain hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this paper can provide an experimental basis for the establishment of an industrialized production process of polysaccharides and the study of their biological activities.
研究领域:
药学
·
食品化学
·
生物化学
·
植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Beibei Zhang,Lifang Hao,Jing Zhang,Jinze Feng,Cheng Wang,Jingfang Zhang
Toona sinensis is renowned for its unique aroma, but the formation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, volatile and non-volatile metabolites were combined with transcriptomes to investigate the potential mechanism of aroma formation in T. sinensis buds (TSB) and microgreens (TSM). Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and terpenes were the main volatiles of TSM and TSB, respectively. 20 volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers, mainly VSCs and terpenes. In VSC biosynthesis pathways, cysteine was primarily synthesized from serine transformation in TSM. S-( trans - l -propenyl)- l -cysteine was likely to be the main precursor of VSC biosynthesis in T. sinensis . Higher expression of lachrymatory-factor synthase (LFS) consuming more precursor (1-propenyl sulfenic acid) in TSB led to reduced accumulation of VSCs. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MPDC) might play crucial roles in T. sinensis terpene biosynthesis. This study provided valuable insights into the formation of characteristic aromas in T. sinensis.
研究领域:
植物科学
·
分子生物学
·
生物化学
·
代谢组学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）