CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
·
2026
·Vol. 23
·期 3
·e03369
·
IF 2.9
Xiaoliang Zhao,Lixia Xiong,Haidong Wen,Yuanyuan Ma,Yuxin Wang,Cunjin Wang,Pengcheng Shao,Jing Zhang,Yuhui Zhao,Ji Zhang,Weijie Zhang
The extraction methods significantly affect the yield and structure of polysaccharides. Based on single-factor experiments, response surface methodology optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for corn silk polysaccharides (CSP): liquid-to-solid 43 mL/g, extraction time 3 h, and ultrasonic power 640 W, yielding 5.83% CSP. Sulfated, phosphorylated, and selenylated derivatives (CSP-S, CSP-P, and CSP-Se) were prepared with substitution degrees of 0.6 and 0.4, and selenium content of 5.3%, respectively. After confirming structures by UV, FT-IR, SEM, monosaccharide, and Congo-red analyses, the bioactivities of the modified CSP were compared. All derivatives improved antioxidant capacity in vitro: phosphorylation boosted DPPH scavenging, while sulfation enhanced hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical elimination. Selenylation markedly inhibited the activities of α-amylase and lipase, and promoted glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, demonstrating hypoglycemic potential. Moreover, all polysaccharides enhanced RAW264.7 cell viability, phagocytosis, and nitric oxide (NO) release, with CSP-S being most effective. Chemical modifications markedly improved CSP bioactivities, highlighting their application prospects. Graphical
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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 24
·期 1
·158
·
IF 15
Xue Chang,Zhou Yicheng,Lin Huixin,Li Zijun,Xiao Yuxin,Yang Jinfeng,Lu Mengqi,Qin Yuwen,Song Dawei,Chen Wei,Xu Junpeng,Zuo Yanming,Wang Zhouguang,Jiang Chengxi
Spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates secondary injury cascades, including ferroptosis and neuroinflammation, which contribute to progressive neuronal and myelin loss. Single-cell RNA sequencing defines a therapeutically actionable window for selenium (Se) replenishment: neuronal and oligodendrocyte selenoproteins—especially Gpx4—show a transient rise at 1-day post-injury followed by sustained suppression with induction of ferroptosis drivers, indicating Se-limited antioxidant collapse. In this study, we extracted a novel Polygonatum -derived fructan and, for the first time, used it to coat selenium nanoparticles, synthesizing PRP@SeNPs via a green, ascorbate-mediated reduction. The PRP coating yields smaller hydrodynamic size, a more negative zeta potential, and a front-loaded yet sustained Se-release profile that aligns with the scRNA-seq–identified supplementation window. In vitro, PRP@SeNPs restore Gpx4 expression, reduce lipid peroxidation, scavenge ROS, and promote M2 microglial polarization. In situ administration in a T-cut SCI mouse model suppresses ferroptosis and glial activation, preserves neuronal and myelin integrity, enhances axonal regeneration, and improves motor function (Basso Mouse Scale, gait analysis, electrophysiology). PRP@SeNPs thus provide a drug-free, biocompatible nanotherapeutic strategy to replenish Se, mitigate secondary injury mechanisms, and promote neuroprotection and remyelination for advanced functional recovery after SCI. Graphical
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Pharmaceutics
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 9
·1230
·
IF 4.9
Yani Zou,Helin Xu,Xiu Wu,Xuesong Liu,Jianfu Zhao
Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. However, its limited tumor sensitivity and severe side effects restrict its clinical utility. Lentinan-functionalized selenium nanoparticles (LET-SeNPs) have shown promise in enhancing radiotherapy sensitivity and exhibiting antitumor activity. In this study, we investigated the radiotherapy sensitization mechanism of LET-SeNPs in PCa. Our results demonstrate that the combination of LET-SeNPs and X-ray therapy (4 Gy) significantly inhibited the growth and colony formation of PCa cells by inducing apoptosis, surpassing the effects of individual treatments. This combined approach modulated DNA damage through the p53, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and AKT pathways. Furthermore, LET-SeNPs increased PC3 cell sensitivity to X-ray-induced apoptosis by downregulating TrxR (Thioredoxin reductase) expression and inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, thereby activating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling pathways. Additionally, LET-SeNPs regulated PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) to prevent DNA damage repair. In vivo studies confirmed that the combination treatment inhibited PCa growth by synergistically activating the p53 pathway to induce cell apoptosis. These findings highlight LET-SeNPs’ potential as a radiotherapy sensitizer and suggest that combining LET-SeNPs with X-ray therapy could be a promising strategy for clinical application, leveraging selenium-modified nanoparticles’ antitumor effects.
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Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 17
·3071
·
IF 5.1
Jingbo Zhang,Yajing Bai,Xiaoxue Zhang,Yiyao Wang,Zongshu Li,Chengguang He,Lili Guan
By integrating waste valorization with green extraction, in the current study, the impacts of distinct extraction methods on the extraction yield, structural characterization, in vitro antioxidant abilities and in vitro immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides fromPholiota namekoresidue (PNRP) were determined, providing assistance for the resource utilization ofPholiota nameko.Six PNRPs were obtained by hot water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, acid-assisted extraction, base-assisted extraction, acid–base extraction and hot water–alkaline-assisted extraction, named PNRP-HWE, PNRP-UAE, PNRP-AE, PNRP-BE, PNAP-ABE and PNRP-HAE, respectively. PNRPs were heteropolysaccharides with similar functional groups, abundant branched chains and a triple helix conformation, but varied monosaccharide molar ratios and molecular weights (382.6–601.7 kDa). PNRP-HAE exhibited the highest yield (3.92%) and superior antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities, attributed to its low molecular weight and high xylose content. Additionally, PNRP-HAE and PNRP-UAE demonstrated potent immunomodulatory effects by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and cytokine secretion (NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). These findings highlight HAE as an optimal method for extracting high-quality PNRPs, offering a sustainable strategy for valorizing mushroom residue in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Wenqi Liu,Ying Sun,Yansheng Zhao,Fengxiang Liang,Yunxiang Que,Jing Yang,Lili Guan
The purpose of this study was to valorize safflower post-extraction residue by comparing the structure characterization, function characteristics, and bioactivity of four safflower polysaccharides (SPSs: HWES, UAES, HES, AES) extracted via different procedures. AES showed the highest yield (1.59 ± 0.01 %) and polysaccharides content (92.07 ± 0.09 %). SPSs had molecular weights of 256.46–404.38 kDa, UAES had the best water holding capacity (2.55 ± 0.14 g/g), HES had the best foaming stability (82.89 ± 0.38 %). SPSs all exhibited shear-thinning behavior, with HES showing the highest viscosity and prominent viscous liquid-like characteristics. AES had small particle size and high thermal stability and the best foaming capacity (214.52 ± 8.74 %) and emulsification activity index (5.14 ± 0.04 m 2 /g), and displayed optimal antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory effect. These findings established the isolation procedures for safflower post-extraction residue polysaccharides, identified AE procedure as the most viable approach for producing industrially relevant bioactive SPSs, and provided a practical strategy for enhancing the utilization of safflower residue.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Yiting Yang,Ping Ren,Ying Sun,Junyi Li,Xinjun Zhou,Haipeng Zhang,Chengguang He,Huining Dai,Lili Guan
Nostoc commune Vaucher, a terrestrial and benthic blue-green alga, widely used in food and medicine worldwide. N. commune Polysaccharides (NCVP) have excellent biological activities, especially immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic and anti-tumor activities. However, the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of NCVP has been less studied. In this study, based on methylation and NMR results, a novel polysaccharide NCVP2 with 135 kDa, containing→4)-α-D-Gal p -(1→, → 4)-β-D-Glc p -(1→, and →4)-α-D-Xyl p -(1→ residues as the backbon, was sequentially purified from N.commune by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 column. NCVP2 (50 μg/mL) exhibited the strong in vitro immunomodulatory activity by promoting the generation of nitric oxide ( NO ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). A total of 2048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq, including 1019 down-regulated genes and 1065 up-regulated genes. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune-related biological processes, involving in Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Furthermore, Western blot results proved NCVP2 could recognize TLR2 and TLR4/MD2, and regulate TLR7/IRF7, MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In summary, a novel polysaccharide NCVP2 from N.commun e was proposed to exhibit significant immunomodulatory effects with multiple-paths and targets, and has great potential in the development of healthy foods such as immunomodulators.
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CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
·
2024
·Vol. 21
·期 8
·e202400596
·
IF 2.3
Xiao-liang Zhao,Zheng-lei Guo,Kai-li Qi,Qing-song Zhou,Yan-mei Liu,Li-xia Xiong,Jing Zhang,Ji Zhang,Wei-jie Zhang
Three polysaccharides, PTC, PTH, and PTB, were extracted from Pinellia ternata using three different extraction conditions: room temperature water, hot water, and 2 % Na 2 CO 3 solution. PTC and PTH were composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, and arabinose, which combine to form complex structures. PTB was composed solely of glucose and rhamnose. Further analysis indicated that PTC and PTB exhibited triple-helix structures. PTC showed the highest scavenging capacity against DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of 1004.1, 1584.1, and 1584.1 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, PTC, PTH, and PTB were subjected to sulfation, phosphorylation, and selenization, resulting in the production of nine derivates. The distinctive absorptive bands of these derivates were determined through infrared spectroscopy. Selenized and sulfated derivates have shown significant antitumor and immunoenhancing properties. Our findings revealed that at 400 μg/mL, the inhibition rate of selenated PTB on HeLa cells was 54.2 % and that on HepG2 cells was 43.1 %. Additionally, selenized PTC displayed significant immunoenhancing activity, with a proliferation rate of 63.7 % at 400 μg/mL in RAW264.7 cells. These results provide valuable evidence supporting the consideration of polysaccharides from Pinellia ternata as a potential candidate for the development of antineoplastic drugs. Graphical
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FITOTERAPIA
·
2025
·
IF 2.6
Xiaoliang Zhao,Qingsong Zhou,He Mou,Li Ma,Yanmei Liu,Kaili Qi,Cunjin Wang,Jing Zhang,Ji Zhang,Weijie Zhang
Three polysaccharides, namely SHC, SFH, and SFA, were extracted from Sophora sophora under various conditions. A single-factor experimental design was employed to investigate the influence of reaction solvent, sulfating reagent ratio, reaction time, and temperature on the yield of sulfated products, the degree of sulfate group substitution, and their inhibitory effects on HepG2 cell proliferation. Three sulfated derivatives, SHCS, SFHS, and SFAS, were synthesized and confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Among these, SFHS exhibited the highest degree of substitution (DS) at 1.22, followed by SFAS at 0.97 and SFCS at 0.56. In vitro analyses revealed that sulfated modification significantly enhanced free radical scavenging activity, tumor cell growth inhibition, and immune response enhancement. Specifically, SFHS exhibited scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radicals with rates of 69.8 % ± 6.1 %, 50.4 % ± 4.2 %, and 58.5 % ± 5.1 %, respectively, at 5 mg/mL. Furthermore, it inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells by 51.9 % ± 5.6 % at 400 μg/mL and HeLa cells by 43.7 % ± 1.8 % at 800 μg/mL. At 800 μg/mL, SFHS treatment resulted in a phagocytosis rate of neutral red by RAW264.7 macrophages, which was 246.6 % ± 13.9 % relative to the control group, while nitric oxide production was measured at 237.6 % ± 6.2 %. These results suggest that sulfation can enhance the biological functions of polysaccharides derived from S. flavescens , indicating potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Tiankai Bai,Zhilong Shi,Shuguang Bao,Xiaorong Hou,Yuping Zhao,Wai L.W. Leung,Yuhui Li,Sirigunqiqige Pan,Ying Xin,Ye Luo,Xiaohe Xiao,Laxinamujila Bai,Huifang Li
Radix Fici Hirtae (RFH), a traditional Chinese medication, is said to be useful in controlling immunity. However, it remained unclear whether its polysaccharides components are associated with these immunomodulatory properties. Herein, two polysaccharides, designated RFHP-1 and RFHP-2, were isolated from RFH using water-soluble alcohol precipitation and column chromatography. Structural characterization by monosaccharide content analysis, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed that the main chain of RFHP-1 was formed by the interconnection of →4)-α-D-Glc p -(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Glc p -(1→, →3)-β-D-Glc p -(1→, and →4,6)-α-D-Glc p -(1→, and the main chain of RFHP-2 was formed by the interconnection of →4)-α-D-Glc p -(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Gal p -(1→, →3)-β-D-Gal p -(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glc p -(1→ and →6)-β-D-Gal p -(1→. Both RFHP-1 and RFHP-2 raised the CD4/CD8 ratio and improved the expression of immune factors in immunocompromised mice. By activating the NF-κB pathway (promote phosphorylation of p65 and IκB), RFHP-1 and RFHP-2 both promoted release cytokines (NO, TNF-a, IL-6, and IFN-γ) at RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results of molecular docking (−8.4 kcal/mol vs. -6.0 kcal/mol) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) (−7.75 kcal/mol vs. -7.46 kcal/mol) demonstrated that RFHP-1 exhibited stronger binding affinity with MD2, suggesting greater immunoactivating potential. These findings indicate that RFHP polysaccharides, particularly RFHP-1, may serve as promising candidates for development as dietary supplements for individuals with compromised immune systems.
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