Qinqin Wang,Changgeng Shuai,Xue Yang,Xingying Zhang,Weibin Wu,Gang Lu
Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are promising electroactive polymers with large strain capability ( > 100%) and high energy density, but commercial VHB materials require substantial pre-stretching (300%–500%) and exhibit high viscoelastic losses. This study systematically investigates CN9021 crosslinker content (30-100 wt%) effects on acrylate-based DE materials through UV photopolymerization. Crosslinking density was tuned from 1.42 × 10 −5 to 5.12 × 10 −5 mol/cm, enabling a 7.4-fold tuning of Young’s modulus (from 0.05 to 0.37 MPa). UB55 exhibited significantly lower energy dissipation (9.69%) compared to VHB4910 (29.82%). The third-order Ogden model accurately describes mechanical behavior (R 2 > 0 . 9999 ). All materials demonstrated superior dielectric constants (5.8-6.4) versus VHB4910 (4.7). Medium crosslinking density UB55 achieved 198% area strain at 57.7 kV/mm under pre-stretch, while high crosslinking density UB82 enabled 15.6% strain at 21.7 kV/mm without pre-stretching. UB55 demonstrated excellent long-term stability with approximately 12% dynamic amplitude maintained over 10,000 cycles. Both materials maintained a dynamic amplitude approximately 5 times higher than VHB4910 at 30 Hz. This work establishes a systematic design strategy for tailoring DE performance to meet diverse operational requirements.
Owing to their fast response, high efficiency, and large deformation , dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are promising candidates for application in the fields of artificial muscles, sensors, and soft robots . With the aid of the large actuated strains of natural rubber (NR) at a relatively low driving voltage , titanate oxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) modified by poly(catechol/polyamine) (PCPA) and deposited by Ag NPs were prepared (labeled as TiO 2 –PCPA–Ag). Due to the synergistic effect of the enhanced interfacial polarization obtained through PCPA modification and Ag NP micro-capacitors, the dielectric constant of the TiO 2 –PCPA–Ag–NR composites increased. In addition, the flexible PCPA endowed the composites with low elastic modulus , resulting in enhanced electromechanical properties . Thus, the NR composites filled with 10 phr TiO 2 –PCPA–Ag NPs exhibited the highest actuated strain of 8.86% at an electric field of 55.94 kV/mm, which is 2.1 times of pure NR (4.30%) at 55 kV/mm. The design of the NR composites proposed in this work via the synergistic effect of an organic layer and metal NPs will play a guiding role in the preparation of novel DEAs, which could meet future requirements for the development of actuators.
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