Using noninvasive stimulation of cells to control cell fate and improve bone regeneration by optical stimulation can achieve the aim of precisely orchestrating biological activities. In this study, we create a fast and repeatable photoelectric-responsive microenvironment around an implant using a bismuth sulfide/hydroxyapatite (BS/HAp) film. The unexpected increase of photocurrent on the BS/HAp film under near-infrared (NIR) light is mainly due to the depletion of holes through PO43– from HAp and interfacial charge transfer by HAp compared with BS. The electrons activate the Na+ channel of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and change the cell adhesion in the intermediate environment. The behavior of MSCs is tuned by changing the photoelectronic microenvironment. RNA sequencing reveals that when photoelectrons transfer to the cell membrane, sodium ions flux and the membrane potential depolarizes to change the cell shape. Meanwhile, calcium ions fluxed and FDE1 was upregulated. Furthermore, the TCF/LEF in the cell nucleus began transcription to regulate the downstream genes involved in osteogenic differentiation, which is performed through the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway. This research has created a biological therapeutic strategy, which can achieve in vitro remotely, precisely, and noninvasively controlling cell differentiation behaviors by tuning the in vivo photoelectric microenvironment using NIR light.
Guomin Wu,Xiao Ma,Yiding Wang,Le Fan,Yining Wang,Hongbing Deng
In order to highly simulate the chondrocyte extracellular matrix, electrospinning and layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly techniques were applied in this study. Polycaprolactone (PCL) with good mechanical property was selected as the substrate, while D-glucosamine sulfate (GAS) and collagen type I (COL) with chondroprotective properties were coated on the surfaces of PCL nanofibers. The morphology, chemical and physical investigations suggested the successful deposition of GAS/COL, improved mechanical properties and significantly ameliorated surfaces hydrophilicity after LBL medication. The release of GAS/COL was proved to be slow and sustainable. Besides, CCK-8 assay and cell morphology observation manifested that LBL structured mats were more suitable for rat articular chondrocytes (rACs) adhesion and proliferation, while quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction analysis and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) production measurement indicated the introduction of GAS/COL upregulated glucuronosyltransferase I (GlcAT-I) gene expression and GAG content in rACs. Additionally, LBL structured mats induced GlcAT-I expression and reduced interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and Matrix metalloproteinases 13 (MMP13) expression in IL‐1β-induced rACs. Moreover, subcutaneous model in SCID mice further confirmed that GAS/COL modified PCL mat could facilitate the GAG production and collagen type II expression of rACs.
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