Communications Earth & Environment
·
2022
·Vol. 3
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 7.29
Li Dongdong,Zhao Yu-Yan Sara,Meslin Pierre-Yves,Vals Margaux,Forget François,Wu Zhongchen
The high perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) to chloride (Cl − ) ratios observed at the Phoenix landing site, northern polar region of Mars, have been puzzling since detection. However, a lack of understanding of perchlorate-chloride-water systems under cryogenic conditions makes it difficult to assess ClO 4 − /Cl − ratios during deliquescence-related processes. Here we quantitatively evaluate ClO 4 − /Cl − fractionation in deliquescence-induced brines of magnesium- and calcium-perchlorate-chloride salt mixtures under subzero conditions, by measuring solubility data and constructing temperature-dependent thermodynamic models. We find that under specific relative humidity (RH) and temperature ( T ) conditions, deliquescence of perchlorate-chloride mixtures may form brines with fractionated ClO 4 − /Cl − signatures. Appropriate RH -T , water-limited conditions, and aeolian processes are required to produce and preserve the elevated ClO 4 − /Cl − signatures in soils. Under the present climate, the north polar region can support ClO 4 − /Cl − fractionation and potentially enrich perchlorate for longer periods on global Mars. This highlights the uniqueness of Mars’ arctic environment and its implications for modern habitability.
研究领域:
地球科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2019
·Vol. 45
·期 3
·463-471
·
IF 1.634
Ming Zhang,Fengqi Zhao,Yanjing Yang,Ting An,Wengang Qu,Hui Li,Jiankan Zhang,Na Li
Three kinds of ferrates (NiFe 2 O 4 , ZnFe 2 O 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 ) were prepared via the facile solvothermal method and characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FT-IR and BET instruments. The NiFe 2 O 4 , CoFe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 particles possess hollow structure with average particle size of 70, 220 and 360 nm, respectively. The catalytic performance of the ferrates for AP thermal decomposition were studied using DSC and TG-DTG methods, and the decomposition mechanism of AP were suggested. The catalytic effects of different ferrates for AP thermal decomposition were significantly different. The CoFe 2 O 4 has the best catalytic activity, and the high thermal decomposition peak temperature ( T HDP ) and apparent activation energy ( E a ) of AP were decreased by 108.99 °C and 37.38 kJ mol −1 in the presence of CoFe 2 O 4 sample. Adding ferrates has no obvious influence on the gas-phase decomposition products of AP, but has a great influence on the energy barrier of high temperature decomposition of AP. The excellent catalytic activity of CoFe 2 O 4 is mainly attributed to the synergistic interaction between Fe and Co, which is conducive to the thermal decomposition of AP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2023
·Vol. 52
·期 48
·18380-18390
·
IF 4
Yujie Yan,Bo Jin,Rufang Peng
The assembly of 2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets into 3D structures with orderable structure has great importance for their use as catalyst carriers. However, Ti3C2Tx nanosheets are prone to accumulate in aqueous solutions owing to the strong van der Waals forces between Ti3C2Tx nanosheet layers, degrading their chemical properties. Carbon aerogel (Ti3C2Tx/G/Co) with a 3D porous structure and cobalt as the active site was prepared by a simple co-assembly–freeze–drying–high-temperature carbonization method for application in catalysis of ammonium perchlorate.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Peihui Xu,Xingang Dong,Wenke Zhang,Yuxin Yang,Xueqin Liao,Jianzhong Liu
Overcoming the difficulty of ignition and combustion of aluminium in water vapour is the key to being applied in underwater propellant applications. The effect of coating or blending 20 mass% ammonium perchlorate (namely, AP@Al or AP–Al samples) on the ignition and combustion of Al particles in a 1.0 MPa water vapour–Ar environment was investigated using a constant temperature pressurized combustion chamber and a CO 2 laser. The results show that the combustion of Al particles in a water vapour–Ar environment is a non-homogeneous reaction and that agglomeration processes of Al droplets are observed. The ignition and combustion properties of the AP@Al and AP–Al samples under water vapour were greatly improved due to the decomposition of AP for heat/oxygen (particularly, O 2 provided a new pathway for AlO(g) generation) supply and the effect of dispersed particles. The maximum pressure change and combustion temperature ( T max ) were increased significantly for the AP@Al and AP–Al samples combustion, while their ignition delay time ( t i ) and combustion time ( t c ) decreased remarkably. In addition, the coating form is more effective in the combustion-promoting effect of AP than the blending form. Interestingly, the increase in water vapour concentration is not conducive to the ignition and combustion of samples in this work. It is probably because the reaction system is lean-fuel where the excess water vapour absorbs some of the heat and prevents effective collisions among the radicals. In addition, the chemical equilibrium largely influences the combustion temperature, resulting in a conspicuous effect of changes in water vapour concentration on the T max values. The reaction interface largely influences the combustion reaction rate of Al, so changes in particle size have a significant effect on the t i and t c values.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2017
·
IF 3.663
Yanjing Yang,Fengqi Zhao,Huixiang Xu,Qing Pei,Hanyu Jiang,Jianhua Yi,Chunlei Xuan,Sanping Chen
The reaction mechanisms of metal hydrides in the combustion of solid propellants are closely related to their effects on the energetic and combustion properties of propellants. Here, we report a first attempt to investigate the reaction mechanisms of ZrH 2 , a promising candidate for fuels, in the combustion of HTPB propellants using ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4 , AP) as the oxidizer . ZrH 2 is determined to possess a good resistance to the direct oxidation by AP. Thus, it would dehydrogenate independently to generate H 2 and metallic Zr , which is believed to be very favorable for decreasing the gaseous molecular masses . On the other hand, due to the attachment of gaseous reactants to it, ZrH 2 was found to tune the decomposition behaviors of AP by enhancing the generation of NO in the high-temperature decomposition stage. More interestingly, the hydrogen released from ZrH 2 is evaluated to promote the combustion reactions in gaseous phases and be responsible for the two-stage combustion behaviors of the corresponding propellant, which are distinct from those when metallic Al is used as the fuel. The findings in this work validate the potential of ZrH 2 as a fuel for high-energy solid propellants.
研究领域:
推进剂化学
·
燃烧科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 6.707
Jiaqi Chen,Lili Zhang,Jingwen Sun,Junwu Zhu,Xin Wang,Yongsheng Fu
Ingenious design of catalysts structure is vital for accelerating ammonium perchlorate (AP) thermal decomposition at lower temperature and accompanying with more heat release. In this work, a self-templated approach is adopted to construct hierarchical hollow double-shelled Co 3 O 4 using cobalt glycerate solid spheres as precursors. The structural transformation from the solid species to the hollow double-shelled Co 3 O 4 sphere is implemented by a solution growth combined with a subsequent calcination . The hierarchical hollow double-shelled morphology, large surface area and unique electronic structure endue Co 3 O 4 with enhanced catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of AP. The AP decomposition temperature is decreased to 318 °C and heat release is increased from 491 J g −1 to 1280 J g −1 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2022
·
IF 4.831
DongFei Li,Shuo Zhang,Hongsheng Jia,Mingxing Song,Ying Zhang,Haibo Li,Mi Zhou
Lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), as one of the new high-energy oxidizers, is chosen for high pressure Raman research to gain a better understanding of the structure and stability, which is very important for the performance of an explosive. Raman spectra of LiClO 4 crystal have been measured from ambient to 25.07 GPa with diamond anvil cells (DACs) at room temperature to investigate the structural stability of this system. Raman vibrational modes of LiClO 4 crystal at ambient pressure were resolved comprehensively on the basis of our experimental and calculated results. Upon increase of pressure on LiClO 4 crystal sample to 1.96 GPa, it was found that the LiClO 4 crystal exhibited a pressure-induced first-order phase transformation behavior. The occurrence of a second phase transformation of LiClO 4 crystal induced by pressure was observed at about 5.09 GPa. Both phase transformations were demonstrated based on the detailed spectroscopic analysis of the variations in the number of lattice modes, splitting of Raman bands and frequency jumps of the Raman vibrational modes of LiClO 4 crystal.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 35
·24812-24818
·
IF 3.9
Songtao Xiao,Yubing Xue,Jing Zhao,Xiechun Liu,Haifeng Cong,Tian Lan,Xiaojuan Liu,Dashu Pan,Lingyu Wang,Guoan Ye,Yinggen Ouyang
The significant differences in the catalytic properties caused by different ‘isotopic catalysts’ were discovered for the first time. The commonly purchased Fe2O3 is a ‘mixture’ of different Fe isotopic oxides which means the catalytic effect of Fe2O3 is theoretically a synthetical result of all isotopic compounds. In this work, the differences in catalytic properties of α-Fe2O3 with natural abundance ratio and separated isotopic α-Fe2O3 (α-54Fe2O3, α-56Fe2O3, and α-58Fe2O3) catalyzing thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated, and are mainly attributed to the difference in the charge distribution of the nuclei of different iron isotopes. The result suggests that isotope effects in different isotopes when utilized as catalysts are caused by nuclear morphology and the nuclear charge distribution. This study will serve as a base as well as an initiation for future studies of the isotopic catalyst.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Small
·
2025
·
IF 12.1
Jiahao Yu,Yong Kou,Hongbing Lei,Qiangqiang Lu,Lei Xiao,Hongyu Yang,Xuran Xu,Junqing Yang,Wei Jiang,Gazi Hao
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) plays an important role in solid propellants because of its high specific impulse, high energy density and low cost. However, the excellent performance cannot conceal the many shortcomings of AP, and the problems of non-concentrated exothermic, high sensitivity and hygroscopicity still seriously impede its application in solid propellants. In this study, the solvent evaporation method is used to directionally modify the order of the cupric oxide (CuO) and fluororubber (F 2603 ) shell layers so as to obtain AP-based composites with different core-shell structures. The interlayer binding energies of the composites with different structures are explored by theoretical calculations, and it is demonstrated that AP-based composites have excellent stability. In addition, CuO with valence-band holes not only reduces the peak temperature of the high temperature decomposition of AP (440.4 to 354.5 °C), but also enhances its combustion properties by undergoing thermite reaction with Al. Furthermore, the excellent hydrophobicity and barrier properties of F 2603 greatly strengthened the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the AP-based composites and reduced their sensitivity. In summary, the core-shelled structures AP-based composites prepared by this strategy possessed 5-in-1 excellent properties, which provided a new idea for targeted modulation of the properties of energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Xin Yu,Zhengyi Zhao,Guofei Zhang,Sirong Li,Yanzhi Yang,Zhiyong Yan,Xin Tian,Xuechun Xiao
In this study, a one-step preparation of carbon-rich MnCo 2 O 4.5 precursors are achieved by adding glucose in a hydrothermal environment. Subsequently, MnCo 2 O 4.5 catalytic materials with different carbon defect contents are obtained by controlling the calcination temperature, which enables the simultaneous release of great heat during the thermal decomposition of catalytic AP. This specially designed MnCo 2 O 4.5 catalytic material has a hollow structure and exhibits good dispersion and a large specific surface area. The high-temperature decomposition temperature ( T HTD ) of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is reduced from 473.48 ℃ to 301.32 ℃ after adding 2 wt% catalytic materials. The catalytic materials resulte in a threefold increase in the decomposition heat release of AP (from 888.26 J·g −1 to 2616.98 J·g −1 ). It also reduced the activation energy ( E a ) by half, from 296.8 kJ·mol −1 to 146.2 kJ·mol −1 , greatly facilitating the reaction. Consequently, the reaction rate ( k ) is doubled, from 0.44 s −1 to 0.97 s −1 . The bimetallic synergistic effect of MnCo 2 O 4.5 itself, combined with the carbon material, significantly improved its performance in catalysing the thermal decomposition of AP. In addition, the combustion of carbon materials not only provides additional heat for AP pyrolysis but also further enhances the combustion of the Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene Composite Solid Propellant (HTPB-CSP) system. The introduction of this catalytic material reduces the CSP ignition delay time by 13 ms, allowing for a faster and more intense combustion process.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Huizhen Xiao,Guangchuan Liang,Sridhar Komarneni,Haiyan Liu,Hongyuan Zhao,Chunlin He,Shaojian Ma,Guifang Wang
Polyelectrolyte (with different unit structure or molecular weight) modified montmorillonite (PMt) was synthesized for perchlorate (ClO 4 - ) removal. It was found polyelectrolytes were successfully loaded on montmorillonite (Mt), and the surface potential of most PMt changed from negative to positive. Polyelectrolyte desorption on Mt was < 10 % after 48 h. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) species modified montmorillonite (PDDA x -Mt) showed excellent adsorption performance for ClO 4 - with maximum adsorption amount over 2.78 mmol/g and equilibrium time within 10 min. The adsorption performance of PMt toward ClO 4 - followed this order: PDDA x -Mt > CH-Mt > PAM-Mt > PQ28-Mt. Moreover, PDDA x -Mt and CH-Mt showed a superior adsorption selectivity to ClO 4 - among competitive oxyanions in the quaternary-adsorbate system (ClO 4 - > PO 4 3- > SO 4 2- > NO 3 – ). The enhanced ClO 4 - adsorption could be mainly attributed to the presence of anion exchange sites (−R 4 N + -Cl − or –NH 3 + -Cl − ) provided by PDDA or CH, followed by electrostatic gravitation and weak hydrogen bonding interaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that ClO 4 - adsorbed on PMt is a process of electrons transferring from O atoms in ClO 4 - to H atoms on C in PDDA + or N in CH + , PAM + and PQ28 + . The preparation method of PMt is simple with excellent adsorption performance and selectivity toward ClO 4 - , suggesting promising applications in anion wastewater treatment.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Canadian Journal of Chemistry
·
2021
·Vol. 99
·期 10
·
IF 1.118
Xiaoxia Li,Shuaida Zhu,Qi Jia,Haixia Zhao,Yuqi Cao,Yuying Ma,Shuangqi Hu,Xiong Cao
In this work, it is shown that MoO3-x has a positive effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate based molecular perovskite (H2DABCO)[NH4(ClO4)3] (DAP-4). MoO3-x was prepared by heat treatment, and the morphology, structure, and thermal decomposition performance were characterized. The morphology and structure characterization results showed that MoO3-x was an irregular layered structure material and the Mo element was mainly in the +6 chemical valence state, with a small amount of Mo5+. Thermal analysis results showed that the thermal decomposition peak temperature of DAP-4 was effectively reduced from 394.4 °C to 353.7 °C, 321.4 °C, and 312.5 °C in the presence of 1%, 5%, and 10% MoO3-x, respectively. It is particularly worth noting that the maximum heat release rate of the DAP-4/10% MoO3-x mixture was increased by 4.9 times compared with pure DAP-4. Through the two classic thermal decomposition kinetic methods, Kissinger and Starink, the reliable kinetic parameters of DAP-4/MoO3-x were obtained. The increase of the reaction rate constant k indicated that the maximum thermal decomposition reaction rate of DAP-4 was effectively improved. This work provided a feasible technology for using MoO3-x as an effective catalyst to improve the thermal performance of DAP-4.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）