Stretchable and recyclable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as a promising platform for flexible and green electronics. However, stretchable OECTs and OECT-based sensors usually show limited transconductance and sensitivity. Herein, stretchable, recyclable, high-transconductance, and multifunctional OECTs based on nanoporous semiconducting polymer aerogels are developed. The flexible nanoporous structures (pore size ≈ 10–160 nm) effectively facilitate ion penetration/transport and doping of semiconductor, significantly enhancing transconductance of the stretchable OECTs and sensitivity of the OECT-based sensors. The resulting OECT achieves a high transconductance of 27.4 mS and high stretching stability. Notably, both the semiconducting aerogel and substrate are recyclable, achieving the recyclability of the OECTs. It is demonstrated that the stretchable nanoporous aerogel OECTs can be used as platforms for various applications, including ultrasensitive stretchable biosensors for monitoring trace amount of biomarkers in biological fluids, stretchable tactile electronic skins with an ultralow detection limit (0.5 Pa), and artificial synapses for neuromorphic simulation. This work provides a versatile strategy toward stretchable nanoporous semiconducting polymers promising for sustainable, stretchable, and highly sensitive electronics.
Panpan Hao,Rufeng Zhu,Yang Tao,Wei Jiang,Xue Liu,Yan Tan,Yuedan Wang,Dong Wang
Novel enhancement-mode organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been prepared by poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) de-doped polyethylenimine on the multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified viscose yarn. The fabricated devices exhibit low power consumption with a high transconductance of 6.7 mS, rapid response time < 2 s, and excellent cyclic stability. In addition, the device has washing durability and bending and long-term stability suitable for wearable applications. Biosensors based on enhancement-mode OECTs for the selective detection of adrenaline and uric acid (UA) are developed by using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-functionalized gate electrodes. The detection limits of adrenaline and UA analysis are as low as 1 pM, with the linear ranges of 0.5 pM to 10 μM and 1 pM to 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, the sensor based on enhancement-mode transistors can efficiently amplify the current signals according to the modulation of the gate voltage. The MIP-modified biosensor has high selectivity in the presence of interferents and desirable reproducibility. Additionally, due to the wearable nature of the developed biosensor, this sensing tool has the capability of being integrated with fabrics. Therefore, it has successfully been applied in textiles for the determination of adrenaline and UA in artificial urine samples. The excellent recoveries and rsds are 90.22–109.05% and 3.97–6.94%, respectively. Ultimately, these sensitive, low-power, wearable, and dual-analyte sensors help to develop non-laboratory tools for early disease diagnosis and clinical research.
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