Guange Wang,Tong Wu,Borui Liu,Shanshan Gong,Qing Huang,Yuefeng Su,Feng Wu,Ryan M. Kelly
Considering that lithium-ion battery (LIB) is still an indispensable and important component of energy storage materials, the sustainable post-processing of spent LIBs in labs or enterprises becomes a tricky problem. Herein, a novel scheme is proposed to dissert the recycling of the spent LIBs. The LIB is recycled into Li(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05)O2 (NCM90) cathode material with high specific capacity by introducing an innovative hydrometallurgy-coprecipitation treatment method. The spent LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode material is firstly leached by sulfuric acid, and the leachate is gradient used as the raw materials to resynthesize high-nickel NCM material by adjusting the leachate dosage to about 50%. Interestingly, when the dosage exceeds 50%, the crystal structure aggravates, and Li+/Ni2+ mixing improves. The specific capacity of regenerated battery is 181.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C (1 C = 200 mAh g−1) and the capacity retention achieves 93.2% after 100 cycles. The reasons can be attributed to the cation mixing and crystal strucure and the small amount of Al doping. In conclusion, this combined method recycling of LIBs has huge potential value for environment protection and production.
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs) are promising energy storage devices for smart grid applications due to their low cost and the high abundance of sodium, but few cathode materials of SIBs with high energy density are available for practical applications. Herein, a series of NaNCM ternary materials(NCM=nickel-cobalt-manganese) is obtained by solid- phase reaction with well-regulated temperature and other reaction conditions. XRD results show that impure NiO phase is more likely to occur under high nickel content. The cross-section SEM indicates that the primary particles in the electrode materials are radially distributed along the radial direction, and the internal porous structure is conducive to the infiltration of electrolyte. The initial specific capacities of Na[Ni 0.68 Co 0.10 Mn 0.22 ]O 2 (NaNCM712), Na[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 (NaNCM622) and Na[Ni 0.4 Co 0.3 Mn 0.3 ]O 2 (NaNCM433) at 0.2 C are 165.5, 153.1 and 146.8 mA·h/g, and the corresponding capacity retention rates are 63.2%, 78.5% and 71.7% after 100 cycles. NaNCM712 possesses the highest initial specific capacity, and NaNCM433 delivers the best rate capability. The rate capabilities of high-nickel and low-cobalt NaNCM cathodes need to be further improved. Moreover, ex-situ XRD pattern reveals the structure evolution (from O3 type to P2 type) during a long cycling charge and discharge process.
Single-crystal LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2 (SC-NCM) cathodes design is an effective solution for enhancing electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium battery (ASSLBs). For highly Ni-rich SC cathode (Ni>90 %), the accumulation of local stress caused by anisotropic lattice shrinkage at deeply charging state is more destructive, and even SC-NCM design can not prevent the structure damage and interfacial contact failure between cathode and solid electrolyte (SE). In this work, small-size single-crystal design and Al-doping strategy are firstly combined to synthesize LiNi 0.91 Co 0.04 Mn 0.04 Al 0.01 O 2 (S-SC-NCMA) cathode. Electrochemistry test, CP-SEM, GITT and in-situ EIS techniques are combined to reveal the interfacial evolution of cathode/SE. The kinetic limitation caused by local contact failure of cathode/SE and the formation of intergranular crack under high voltage are the main reason for capacity loss of ASSLBs. Small-size single-crystal design can reduce the volumetric strain effect and Al-doping strategy can further inhibit lattice shrinkage to improve contact. This work provides an effective cathode modification strategy for highly Ni-rich NCM (Ni>90 %) cathode to improve high-voltage performance of sulfide-based ASSLBs.
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