Chinese Herbal Medicines
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2023
·
IF 3.8
Zhonghua Dong,Xiao Sun
Objective Artificial Cordyceps sinensis powder has been used as clinical drug and healthy food to nourish the lung and kidney, which solves the problem of serious shortage of wild C. sinensis . This study aims to explore the chemical components and compared their anti-fibrotic effects in artificial C. sinensis . Methods Nucleosides, sterols and polysaccharides were separated and purified from artificial C. sinensis , and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical chromogenic methods, respectively. In high glucose-induced rat mesangial cell models, fibronectin and type 1 collagen were used as evaluation indicators. Results There were 10 kinds of nucleosides and one sterol in artificial C. sinensis . The contents of nucleosides, sterols and polysaccharides in the artificial C. sinensis were close to 2%, 0.55% and 4.4%, respectively. Furthermore, nucleoside, sterol and polysaccharide components exhibited varying degrees of anti-fibrotic activity. The nucleoside components and sterol components inhibited the expression of extracellular matrix more effectively in the three main components. Conclusion Artificial C. sinensis remains the similar compounds with the wild C. sinensis , and nucleosides and sterols may be the main active substances that contribute to its anti-fibrotic effects. The project of this study may provide valuable information on further optimization of more effective remedies with few side effects based on artificial C. sinensis .
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2023
·Vol. 24
·期 11
·9350
·
IF 5.6
Yuhong Chen,Ying Gao,Mingan Yuan,Zhaisheng Zheng,Junfeng Yin
Candida albicansis an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, and its drug resistance is becoming a serious problem.Camellia sinensisseed saponins showed inhibitory effects on resistantCandida albicansstrains, but the active components and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of twoCamellia sinensisseed saponin monomers, theasaponin E1 (TE1) and assamsaponin A (ASA), on a resistantCandida albicansstrain (ATCC 10231) were explored. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of TE1 and ASA were equivalent. The time–kill curves showed that the fungicidal efficiency of ASA was higher than that of TE1. TE1 and ASA significantly increased the cell membrane permeability and disrupted the cell membrane integrity ofC. albicanscells, probably by interacting with membrane-bound sterols. Moreover, TE1 and ASA induced the accumulation of intracellular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were concentrated in the cell wall, plasma membrane, glycolysis, and ergosterol synthesis pathways. In conclusion, the antifungal mechanisms of TE1 and ASA included the interference with the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, damage to the mitochondria, and the regulation of energy metabolism and lipid metabolism. Tea seed saponins have the potential to be novel anti-Candida albicansagents.Keywords:Camellia sinensisseeds;theasaponin E1;assamsaponin A;antifungal activity;transcriptome
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2021
·
IF 4.952
Han Wu,Hao-Nan Liu,Ai-Min Ma,Jian-Zhong Zhou,Xiu-Dong Xia
In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum strains, namely 70810, B1-6, and ZR were used to confirm the synergetic effects of co-inoculation with Lactobacillus and Rhizopus oryzae on whole-oat solid state fermentation (SSF). The results indicated that number of viable bacterial cells increased more quickly (10.72–11.23-fold higher) during co-inoculated SSF than that during pure Lactobacillus fermentation. Fungal ergosterol content reached slightly less during co-inoculation (137.04–155.12 mg/kg) than that during R. oryzae fermentation (193.64 mg/kg). However, compared to R. oryzae , R. oryzae combined with Lactobacillus produced more obvious hydrolysis of macromolecules and accelerated more water transformation from confined to free form. As for co-inoculated SSF of oat, the reducing sugar content reached the highest at 41.09–47.42 g/100g and then dropped, and free amino acid nitrogen content varied gradually until 40.66–41.67 mg/100g. Fermented oats (FOs) had higher total phenolic content than unfermented oat (UO) (2.56–2.72-fold, FO vs . UO), and their DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing capacity, and hydroxyl scavenging activity were increased 2.04-, 2.10-, and 1.99-fold at maximum (FO vs . UO), respectively. The Lactobacillus showed strain dependence during co-inoculated SSF, among which B1-6 displayed the best to enhance oat's overall quality.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2021
·
IF 4.539
Zhifeng Cai,Liangliang Wu,Jierui Xi,Erxiao Hao,Kaifei Qi
In the present work, silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) were established as a nanosensor for fluorescence determination of curcumin (Cur) for the first time. The silver nanoclusters were prepared by using polyethyleneimine as the stabilizer and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. It displayed green emission around 510 nm. The fluorescence quenching mechanism between Ag NCs and Cur was studied and might be attributed to the static quenching and inner filter effect (IFE). Furthermore, it was found that this fluorescence sensor possessed an excellent linear relationship with the Cur concentration in the ranges of 0.1−100 μM. This fluorescence detection method have been successfully used for the detection of Cur with satisfactory results in bovine serum samples. This novel platform was expected to expand the possibility of a new fluorescence detection method.
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BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
·
2021
·Vol. 44
·期 3
·305-315
·
IF 2.233
Xin Yang,Zejun Pei,Renjing Hu,Zhehao Zhang,Zaixiang Lou,Xin Sun
In order to prevent and control the infection of Candida albicans, the antifungal activity, possible mechanism of myriocin against C. albicans and its biofilm were studied. The antifungal activity of myriocin was investigated by microdilution method. The effect of myriocin on fungal cell wall or membrane was evaluated by adding sorbitol, ergosterol or phytosphingosine (PHS). The damage to the cell membrane was investigated with propidium iodide (PI) staining and visualized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects on biofilms and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were observed by crystal violet staining method and phenol-sulfuric acid method respectively. The adhesion of C. albicans cells to hydrocarbons was tested to evaluate cell surface hydrophobic (CSH). The combined effects of myriocin and antifungal drugs commonly used in clinical practice were investigated by using the checkerboard microdilution method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were found to be 0.125–4 µg/mL. Myriocin was found to affect both cell wall and cell membrane. After exposure to myriocin, biofilm and EPS were found to be inhibited and removed, and the CSH was decreased. The combined fungistasis of myriocin and voriconazole (VCZ) or amphotericin B (AMB) were additive. Myriocin had significant antifungal activity against C. albicans, and the antifungal mechanisms might be cell wall and membrane damage. Myriocin effectively inhibited and eliminated biofilms, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of EPS and CSH.
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AAPS PHARMSCITECH
·
2020
·Vol. 21
·期 2
·1-11
·
IF 2.401
Dong Zhonghua,Iqbal Sajid,Zhao Zhongxi
In our previously studies, we confirmed that ergosterol could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the proliferation of mesangial cells and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the therapeutic application of ergosterol may be confined due to poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. We aim to prepare ergosterol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ERG-NLCs) to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of ergosterol. ERG-NLCs were prepared using glyceryl monostearate and decanoyl/octanoyl-glycerides by hot emulsification–ultrasonication method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug loading (DL) capacity studies. The prepared ERG-NLCs were spherical, with particle size of 81.39 nm and negative zeta potential of 30.77 mV. Ergosterol was successfully encapsulated in NLCs with a high EE of 92.95% and a DL capacity of 6.51%. In pharmacokinetic study, C max and AUC 0-∞ of ergosterol in ERG-NLCs were obviously enhanced, and the relative oral bioavailability of ERG-NLCs was 277.56% higher than that of raw ergosterol. Moreover, the in vitro pharmacodynamic study indicated that ERG-NLCs inhibited high-glucose-stimulated mesangial cells over proliferation and ECM accumulation more effectively compared to raw ergosterol. In conclusion, the validated ERG-NLCs showed that NLCs mediated delivery could be used as potential vehicle to enhance solubility, oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of ergosterol.
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JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2019
·
IF 3.414
Jin-Xiu Liang,Qun-Qun Zhang,Yan-Fei Huang,Han-Qing Pang,Xin-Guang Liu,Wen Gao,Ping Li,Hua Yang
Ethnopharmacological relevance Monascus -fermented rice product (MFRP) has been regarded as a dietary supplement and traditional medicine with circulation-promoting effects in China and other countries for centuries. Aim of the study This study was carried out to profile the chemical components in MFRP, and provide available information for elucidating the potential lipid-lowering compounds other than monacolins. Materials and methods High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF MS) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were applied to comprehensive analysis of chemical components in MFRP. Potential small molecules were identified by comparing with reference standards, or tentatively characterized by comparing their retention time and high-resolution mass spectral data with previous literature. The lipid-lowering properties of ten major non-monacolin compounds were evaluated in cholesterol-fed zebrafish larvae. And one with optimum lipid-lowering activity was subsequently evaluated in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 J mice, with the dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition being investigated. Results A total of 99 compounds were characterized in MFRP, including 38 monacolins, 5 decalins , 6 isoflavones , 13 pigments, 8 azaphilonoids, 11 amino acids, 4 nucleosides , 9 lipid acids, 4 phytosterols and glycerol. The preliminary screening showed that ergosterol remarkably reduced cholesterol levels in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, ergosterol delayed body weight gain and decreased circulating total cholesterol, triglyceride , low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in high fat diet-fed mice. Ectopic lipid accumulation was also ameliorated in the liver and heart of obese mice . Conclusion Global analysis of chemical components and screening of lipid-lowering non-monacolin compounds in MFRP have improved our understanding of its therapeutic material basis.
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CLINICAL SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 133
·期 13
·1523-1536
·
IF 5.237
Sun Xiao,Feng Xiuli,Zheng Dandan,Li Ang,Li Chunyan,Li Siying,Zhao Zhongxi
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CS heightens inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Ergosterol is the main bioactive ingredient in Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis), a traditional medicinal herb for various diseases. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of ergosterol on anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress as well as anti-apoptosis in a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced COPD model both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that CSE induced inflammatory and oxidative stress and apoptosis with the involvement of the Bcl-2 family proteins via the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 pathway in both 16HBE cells and Balb/c mice. CSE induced epithelial cell death and increased the expression of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MAD) and the apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase 3/7/9 and cleaved-poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) both in vitro and in vivo, whereas decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Treatment of 16HBE cells and Balb/c mice with ergosterol inhibited CSE-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress and apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/p65. Ergosterol suppressed apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the usage of QNZ (an inhibitor of NF-κB) also partly demonstrated that NF-κB/p65 pathway was involved in the ergosterol protective progress. These results show that ergosterol suppressed COPD inflammatory and oxidative stress and apoptosis through the NF-κB/p65 pathway, suggesting that ergosterol may be partially responsible for the therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2018
·
IF 3.52
Kedong Tai,Fuguo Liu,Xiaoye He,Peihua Ma,Like Mao,Yanxiang Gao,Fang Yuan
The effects of three kinds of sterols (cholesterol, β-sitosterol and ergosterol) on the stability, microstructure and membrane properties of soybean and egg yolk lecithin liposomes were investigated by light scattering, transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The vesicle size of cholesterol or β-sitosterol incorporated liposomes was higher than that of the control and ergosterol incorporated ones, while the zeta-potential was similar when the same lecithin was used. Due to the excellent emulsifying capacity, Tween-80 was introduced into the system and which could obviously maintain the liposomal vesicle size in fetal bovine serum. According to TEM and AFM, the phenomena of membrane fusion and deformation were observed respectively in ergosterol-incorporated liposomes. Results of fluorescence probe spectra revealed the most compact membrane structure was found in cholesterol-incorporated liposomes, which was in accordance with the strongest intermolecular interaction in bilayers obtained by FTIR results. Conversely, the membrane of ergosterol-incorporated liposomes was the most fragile and fluid, which was also identified with the lowest physical stability obtained by Turbiscan. These results systematically illustrated the relationship between the structure of sterols and the liposomal membrane stability, and provided some meaningful information on the choice of sterols and lecithin in preparation of liposomes for different purposes.
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PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2016
·
IF 2.529
Fang Fang,Bingye Dai,Guang Zhao,Hua Zhao,Chao Sun,Hui Liu,Mo Xian
Considering of the possible application of fatty acids secretion in industrial production process for reducing extraction costs, the effects of enhanced fatty acids secretion by knocking out acyl-CoA synthetases on the global regulation, cellular metabolism were investigated through integrated omics analysis. Firstly, functional category analysis of differential expression genes showed that most of the genes were associated with the cell cycle and biology process such as cellular component biogenesis, cell wall organization and so on. Secondly, the decreased mRNA levels of Tdh, Eno and Pgk1 in glycolysis in faa mutant YB526 were confirmed by the differential protein analysis. As described in previous reports, the decreased protein levels of Tdh, Eno and Pgk1 were resulted from the increase of 14-3-3 protein activity. However, the increased level of 14-3-3 proteins could not improve the biosynthesis of ergosterol in the acyl-CoA deficiency strain YB526 due to the toxic effects of fatty acids. Thirdly, the decrease of ergosterol and ceramide contents in cell envelopes can improve the permeation of membrane and fatty acids secretion in faa mutant YB526. This comprehensive omics analysis could be helpful in the rational design of robust yeasts for the production of free fatty acids or other biobased chemicals.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Meng Li,Biwen Yang,Jiayi Tang,Mengling Ning,Zerong Guan,Zhenzhen Li,Binggang Ye,Huiqing Zhong,Zhouyi Guo,Zhiming Liu
Development of organelle-targeted fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) has attracted extensive attention recently, however, the application of CDs for monitoring cell membrane integrity is rarely reported. Herein, we propose a kind of amphiphilic CDs (∼2.84 nm) derived from o -phenylenediamine and urea (termed M-CDs). M-CDs display high-affinity capacity to polysaccharide structures, which allows the rapid (∼within 30 s), wash-free fluorescence (FL) imaging of microbes, including bacteria and fungi. For mammalian cells, M-CDs can selective bind to the intracellular cytoskeletal filaments when the cells undergo cytomembrane destruction. More interestingly, the FL feature of M-CDs is polarity-dependent that emits the maximum emission wavelength from 501 to 561 nm when the solvent polarity increases from 0.02 to 0.32, which offers the opportunity to detect the polarity microenvironment. We observe that the polarity increases significantly when M-CDs pass through the broken cytomembrane. M-CDs are finally adopted for the fast morphometric analysis of abnormal erythrocytes in haematuria, providing a novel avenue for the rapid test of membrane-related diseases.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
·
2012
·Vol. 39
·期 10
·9493-9508
·
IF 2.929
Cheng Zhengjun
This study was designed to examine the interactions of ergosterol with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions with the drug concentrations in the range of 2.99–105.88 μM and the concentration of proteins was fixed at 5.0 μM. The analysis of emission spectra quenching at different temperatures revealed that the quenching mechanism of HSA/BSA by ergosterol was the static quenching. The number of binding sites n and the binding constants K were obtained at various temperatures. The distance r between ergosterol and HSA/BSA was evaluated according to Föster non-radioactive energy transfer theory. The results of synchronous fluorescence, 3D fluorescence, FT-IR, CD and UV–Vis absorption spectra showed that the conformations of HSA/BSA altered in the presence of ergosterol. The thermodynamic parameters, free energy change (Δ G ), enthalpy change (Δ H ) and entropy change (Δ S ) for BSA–ergosterol and HSA–ergosterol systems were calculated by the van’t Hoff equation and discussed. Besides, with the aid of three site markers (for example, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and digitoxin), we have reported that ergosterol primarily binds to the tryptophan residues of BSA/HSA within site I (subdomain II A).
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