Shuwei Yuan,Miaomiao Zhang,Zhen Yao,Jiangyun Liu,Xiang Li,Zhenqing Zhang,Duxin Li
The swollen culm (also known as Jiaobai) of Zizania latifolia is formed by the smut Ustilago esculenta invades the Z. latifolia . The new tissue formed due to the symbiotic relationship has entices the attention of researchers to study its polysaccharide structure along with biological evaluation. Five fractions of polysaccharides were obtained owing to hot water extraction, alcoholic precipitation, and chromatographic purification. Bioactivity assays showed that ZLPs have good antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and protective activity against oxidative damage. The ZLP-1 and ZLP-2 were determined to be neutral polysaccharides with high purity, exhibiting propitious bioactivity, consequently they were subjected to indispensable structural characterization. These results showed that ZLP-1 has molecular weight (Mw) of 103 kDa and glucose (Glc) (76.68 %) as the primary monosaccharide; the ZLP-2 has Mw of 122 kDa and galactose (Gal) (41.04 %) and arabinose (Ara) (27.12 %). Structural elucidation by methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis suggested ZLP-1 is a glucan, with →3)-β-Glc p -(1→3)-β-Glc p -(1→4)-β-Glc p -(1→4)-β-Glc p -(1→3,6)-β-Gal p -(1→3)-β-Glc p -(1→ as the mainchain and the terminal Ara f and Glc p ; the ZLP-2 is a Galactoxylan, with →3,4)-β-xyl p -(1→3)-β-Gal p -(1→3,6)-β-Gal p -(1→3,6)-β-Gal p -(1→ as the mainchain and the terminal Ara f and Glc p . The structural arrangements provide a chemical basis for understanding the nutritional and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from Zizania latifolia .
The effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Rhizopus oryzae , Aspergillus oryzae, and Neurospora sitophila were determined on the bioactive compound content and grain microstructure of brown rice (BR). After SSF, the β-glucan, arabinoxylans, γ-oryzanol, thiamine, riboflavin, phenolic, and flavonoid contents increased by 147, 11.2, 30.5, 16.9, 21.1, 76%, and 49.6%, respectively, indicating a marked increase in bioactive compound content. In addition, the water-soluble dietary fiber and arabinoxylan contents, and free phenolic and flavonoid contents significantly increased ( p < 0.05 ). These changes were consistent with the microstructural changes observed after SSF, i.e., the outer cortex was rough, cracked, porous and separated from the starch endosperm, which was also cracked and porous; this should increase the dietary bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. SSF, especially with A. oryzae and Lb. plantarum , greatly enhanced the bioactive compound content in BR and has great potential in BR processing.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）