PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 4.4
Ye Huang,Xiaoku Ran,Deqiang Dou
This study was to identify the main active components of black ginseng responsible for prostate cancer treatment. HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of processed ginseng from the "nine steaming and nine sun-drying" procedure were established. MTT test was performed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of black ginseng on human prostate cancer (DU145) cells. The spectrum-effect relationship analysis was assessed by correlation coefficient and grey relational analysis, and the active ginsenosides were further validated by bioactivity assay. Results indicated the anti-prostate cancer activity of black ginseng increased until the 7th cycle times of steaming and sun-drying, and the primary anti-prostate cancer ingredients of black ginseng were disclosed to be ginsenosides Rg5, F4, Rh4, Rk1, R-Rg3, and S-Rg3, of which Rk3, Rg5, and F4 exerted the highest effects. It is for the first time that a spectrum-effect relationship based on the ingredient changes of the "Nine Steaming and Nine Sun-drying" process was used to identify the active anticancer constituents of ginseng systemically and could further the stronger anticancer activity of black ginseng as well as provide a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation of black ginseng.
研究领域:
药理学
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肿瘤学
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中药学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2017
·Vol. 22
·期 4
·664
·
IF 2.861
Jun-Nan Hu,Zhi Liu,Zi Wang,Xin-Dian Li,Lian-Xue Zhang,Wei Li,Ying-Ping Wang
Background: Frequent overdosing of acetaminophen (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury (ALI). The present study aimed to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective effects of black ginseng (BG) on APAP-induced mice liver injuries and the underlying mechanisms of action were further investigated for the first time.Methods: Mice were treated with BG (300, 600 mg/kg) by oral gavage once a day for seven days. On the 7th day, all mice were treated with 250 mg/kg APAP which caused severe liver injury after 24 h and hepatotoxicity was assessed.Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with BG significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidant including glutathione (GSH) was elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease of the levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the BG-treated groups compared with the APAP group. These effects were associated with significant increases of cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels in liver tissues. Moreover, BG supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways through increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels according to western blotting analysis. Histopathological examination revealed that BG pretreatment significantly inhibited APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress like 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) were also inhibited after pretreatment with BG, compared with the APAP group.Conclusions: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of BG-mediated alleviation of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may involve its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nitrative effects.Keywords:black ginseng;APAP;liver injury;apoptosis;oxidative stress
研究领域:
药理学
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毒理学
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肝病学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2024
·
IF 3.3
Weiyin Xu,Peng Yu,Simeng Shao,Zhaoyang Xie,Yi Wu,Jianing Liu,Tianyang Xu,Guangzhi Cai,Hongmei Yang
Background Our objective in this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the oligosaccharides extracted from black ginseng (BG), innovatively prepared by a low-temperature steam-heating process, in the improvement of learning and memory impairment in mice, as well as the mechanism(s). Results 8 carbohydrates involving isomaltose and maltotetraose were detected in BG, where the monosaccharide residues including mannose and rhamnose were discovered too. OSBG-treated mice showed significant amelioration in recognition and spatial memory deficits compared to the scopolamine (SCO) group. OSBG could decrease acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a tissue-dependent fashion but not in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in contrast, OSBG administration resulted in significant upregulation superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), downregulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the tissues. Finally, at the genus level, we observed that the OSBG interventions increased the relative abundance of probiotics ( e.g. , Barnesiella, Staphylococcus , Clostridium_XlVb ,) and decreased pernicious bacteria such as Eisenbergiella and Intestinimonas , compared to the AD mouse model group. Herein, our results demonstrate that OSBG restores the composition of the scopolamine-induced intestinal microbiota in mice, providing a homeostasis of gut microbiota and providing evidence for microbiota-regulated therapeutic potentials of it. Conclusion Our results showed for the first time a clear role for OSBG in improving scopolamine-induced memory impairment by inhibiting cholinergic dysfunction in a tissue-dependent manner. Additionally, OSBG administration relieved oxidative stress by activating the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota. Collectively, OSBG may be a promising target for neuroprotective antioxidants for improving memory and cognition in AD patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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生物化学
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微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Pharmacology
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2024
·
IF 4.4
Dou Peiyuan,Liu Linlin,Jin Mozhu,Huang Jing,Lekhooa Rose Makhotso,Ran Xiaoku,Yan Xiaohui
Introduction: Black ginseng (BG) was processed by “steaming and drying” (generally nine times) repeatedly to produce “rare saponins” and secondary ginsenosides. Both ginseng (GS) and red ginseng (RG) were commonly used in treating heart failure (HF), and the latter was confirmed to be more potent, implying the presence of rare ginsenosides that contribute positively to the treatment of heart failure. Previous research indicated that rare ginsenosides are more abundant in BG than in RG. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the effects of BG and its components on HF to elucidate the active substances and their underlying mechanisms in the treatment of HF.Methods: The effects of BG and its fractions (water-eluted fraction (WEF), total saponin fraction (TSF), and alcohol-eluted fraction (AEF)) on rats with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced HF were explored, and steroids belonging to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes were determined quantitatively using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on the gut microbiota, followed by GC–MS analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the biochemical indexes related to energy metabolism and the serum cyclic nucleotide system were also analyzed by ELISA.Results: Based on a thorough evaluation of energy metabolism and the endocrine system, it was observed that the effects of BG components on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) and HPA axes were more pronounced. Notably, the treatment efficacy of the low dose of the total saponin fraction (TSFL), water decoction (WD), and high dose of the polysaccharide fraction (PSFH) was superior based on pharmacodynamic indicators such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase (CK), and estradiol (E2)/T). Furthermore, the WD and BG components exhibited significant effects on androgens (T and androstenedione (A4)). The TSFL group exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating Lactobacillus/Erysipelotrichales. The WD, PSFH, and TSFL may impact inflammatory cytokines through the gut microbiota (Lactobacillus/Erysipelotrichales) and their metabolites (acetate and butyrate), exerting an anti-inflammatory effect.Discussion: The BG and all its split components demonstrated varying levels of efficacy in alleviating HF, and TSF and PSF exhibited a significant protective effect on HF. The main active components in TSF were revealed to be ginsenosides Rk1, Rk3, 20-(S)-Rg3, and 20-(S)-Rh2 by the H9C2 cell experiment. The decoction of BG and its components exhibited a potent impact on androgen hormones, with an elevation trend. This phenomenon may be attributed to the activation of the eNOS-NO pathway through androgen regulation, thereby contributing to its anti-HF activities. The WD, PSFH, and TSFL may exert anti-inflammatory effects through the intestinal flora (Lactobacillaceae/Erysipelotrichaceae) and its metabolites (acetic acid and butyric acid), which affect the inflammatory factors. The different mechanisms of action of each component of HF also reflect the significance and necessity of the overall role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Our research was the first to report that the E2/T is related to HF and can be used as an indicator to evaluate HF.
研究领域:
药理学
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心脏病学
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传统中药
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内分泌学
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微生物学
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代谢组学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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