Toxins
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 4
·181
·
IF 4
Qingling Zhan,Lina Liu,Wenjie Li,Jingshan Lu,Jiafu Jiang,Fadi Chen,Ye Liu,Zhiyong Guan
Alternariaspecies produce diverse secondary metabolites that act as critical virulence factors during plant pathogenesis. In cultivation areas ofChrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubai’—a key cultivar for herbal tea—black spot disease caused byA. alternatamanifests as necrotic leaf lesions progressing to wilting. Despite this disease’s economic impact, information on its associated toxins is limited, and the types of toxins produced by the black spot pathogen ofChrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubai’ in particular remain unclear. Furthermore, whether toxins are present in the flowers when the leaves show symptoms is uncertain, but their inflorescence is not visibly infected. Using two previously characterizedA. alternatastrains (F16/F20) isolated from ‘Fubai’ in earlier studies, we demonstrated the concomitant production of altenuene (ALT) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) in both strains, with strain-specific yield variations (F20 TeA: 342.16 µg/mL vs. F16: 21.84 µg/mL; ALT: 0.28 µg/mL vs. 0.90 µg/mL). Time-course monitoring revealed coordinated accumulation of both toxins in inoculated petals, reaching 18.07 μg/g ALT and 2.59 µg/g TeA by day 9. Notably, these two toxins were detected only in flower samples from black spot-infected plants, and their concentrations correlated closely with disease severity in the leaves. Moreover, although the inflorescences did not display symptoms, both fresh and dried flowers retained detectable toxin levels. We established a technical system for the extraction and quantitative detection of the toxins ALT and TeA produced by the black spot pathogen in tea chrysanthemum. This work provides the first confirmation of ALT/TeA co-contamination inChrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubai’, revealing substantial dietary exposure risks through tea consumption. Our findings suggest that, from a food safety risk reduction perspective, integrated management strategies should be developed to minimize toxin contamination in tea chrysanthemum, including improved disease prevention measures and potential regulatory considerations.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品安全
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次生代谢产物研究
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 5.279
Mingjie Xu,Jianheng Guo,Tengjie Li,Chunmei Zhang,Xue Peng,Ke Xing,Sheng Qin
Black spot disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata is destructive to the production, transportation, and storage of sweet potato. The antifungal effects of Bacillus tequilensis XK29 against C. fimbriata through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were evaluated in this study. The activated carbon assay proved that XK29 could exert antibiotic effects through volatiles. By optimizing the wheat seed weight, inoculation method, concentration, volume, and time, the antifungal activity of XK29 was significantly improved. XK29 fumigation inhibited spore formation and germination and changed the cell morphology of C. fimbriata. During the storage of sweet potato tuber roots, XK29 effectively controlled black spot disease and reduced the weight loss and malondialdehyde content. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 21 volatile compounds were released from XK29. Isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid, and 2-methylbutanoic acid effectively inhibited the growth of C. fimbriata. These results indicate that B. tequilensis XK29 has a good potential to be developed as a microbial fumigation agent.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Plants-Basel
·
2021
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·253
·
IF 3.935
Qin Xiong,Linlin Zhang,Xinyue Zheng,Yulin Qian,Yaxin Zhang,Lijuan Zhao,Qiang Cheng
Marssonina brunneais the main pathogen that causes poplar black spot disease, which leads to the decrease of the photosynthetic efficiency and significantly affects the production and quality of timber. Currently, no in-field diagnostic exists forM. brunnea. Here, we described a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection ofM. brunnea. A set of six oligonucleotide primers was designed to recognize eight distinct sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region ofM. brunnea. The LAMP assay was optimized by the combination of high specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity for the detection of less than 10 pg/μL of target genomic DNA in 60 min per reaction at 65 °C, whereas with PCR, there was no amplification of DNA with concentration less than 1 ng/μL. Among the genomic DNA of 20 fungalisolates, only the samples containing the genomic DNA ofM. brunneachanged from violet to sky blue (visible to the naked eye) by using hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) dye. No DNA was amplified from the eight other fungus species, including two otherMarssoninapathogens, three other foliar fungi pathogens of poplar, and three common foliar fungal endophytes of poplar. Moreover, the detection rates ofM. brunneafrom artificially and naturally infected poplar leaves were 10/16 (62.5%) and 6/16 (37.5%) using PCR, respectively, while the positive-sample ratios were both 16/16 (100%) using the LAMP assay. Overall, theITSLAMP assay established here can be a better alternative to PCR-based techniques for the specific and sensitive detection ofM. brunneain poplar endemic areas with resource-limited settings.Keywords:Marssonina brunnea;rapid detection;loop-mediated isothermal amplification;poplar black spot
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子诊断学
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林业科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Chemistry-X
·
2024
·
IF 6.5
Leng Han,Guijie Li,Xuting Wang,Bo Yu,Tenghui Zhang,Yujiao Cheng
Citrus black spot ( Phyllosticta citricarpa, CBS) is an important fungal disease that causes rind blemishes and affects quality of citrus fruits. The response of citrus to CBS in terms of volatiles was evaluated using molecular sensory science approaches. Fifty and twenty-one volatiles were identified in the orange juice and essential oil samples, respectively, via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The total volatile content in the samples increased after CBS infection, especially in the severe-infection group (SEG) juice and moderate-infection group (MOG) essential oil, which reached the highest levels. CBS enhanced floral, fruity, and off-flavor aromas and decreased the green aroma in citrus juice. Citrusy, floral, and green aromas increased in the CBS-infected essential oil. Six/five potential markers were screened in citrus juice/essential oil, respectively using the orthogonal partial least-square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model. The changes in aroma profile and the difference in infection levels in citrus were attributed to these odorants.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Suqi Liu,Xiaowei Wu,Shihao Chen,Cong Liu,Wanqi Zhang,Mingyi Yang,Jiyu Cheng,Guoquan Lu,Zhenhe Wang,Wei Chen,Yuge Guan,Linjiang Pang,Xinghua Lu
Linalool, a terpenoid alcohol with bacteriostatic properties, was detected in sweetpotato suffering from black spot disease. In this research, a composite material based on HKUST-1/MWCNT-gel@MIP was employed to detect the linalool content in these infected sweetpotatoes. The micro-morphology and crystal structure of the composite were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Experimental results demonstrated that the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensor of HKUST-1/MWCNT-gel@MIP composite exhibited high sensitivity (0.873 Hz/ppm), a low detection limit (0.237 ppm), a small standard deviation (0.83 %), good reproducibility, and outstanding selectivity. The QCM gas sensor data from actual samples showed a strong correlation with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results (r = −0.976, p < 0.01), demonstrating its exceptional ability to identify linalool. Thus, it can be used for early detection of sweetpotato black spot disease.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Suqi Liu,Linjiang Pang,Xiaowei Wu,Shihao Chen,Mingyi Yang,Jiyu Cheng,Guoquan Lu,Zhenhe Wang,Wei Chen,Yuge Guan,Xinghua Lu
Changes in the content of trans -caryophyllene could identify whether sweetpotatoes are infected with black spot disease. Therefore, in this study, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor based on modified CAU-1@ZIF-8 was used for non-destructive detection of sweetpotato black spot. The experimental results showed that the constructed sensor performed best when both modified CAU-1 and ZIF-8 were present. The sensor showed a linear trend (R 2 = 0.996, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.55 ppm) in response to trans -caryophyllene in the concentration range of 20–340 ppm with a sensitivity of −0.489 Hz (ppm) −1 . The developed gas sensor was successfully used for the detection of trans -caryophyllene in real samples of sweetpotato. The experimental data showed a significant correlation with the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with a correlation coefficient of 0.970 ( p < 0.01). Therefore, it could be used for early warning of black spot disease in sweetpotato.
研究领域:
农业科学
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食品科学
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传感技术
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植物病理学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
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2021
·
IF 3.757
Rui-Feng Mei,Ya-Xian Shi,Jun-Li Gan,Si-Ping Deng,Hao Ding,Le Cai,Zhong-Tao Ding
Alternaria alternata is a critical plant pathogen, and the black spot caused by this fungus is the main cause of crop loss. In this study, four monoterpenes commonly found in plant essential oils, β -lonone, citral, γ -terpinene and myrcene, were found to possess a two-way interaction relationship with A. alternata . Four monoterpenes exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against A. alternata with MIC values of 128, 256, 512 and 256 μg/mL, respectively. However, when the concentration of monoterpenes in the culture medium was reduced to 1/4 MIC, A. alternata could facilitate the biotransformation of the aforementioned four monoterpenes by hydroxylation, dihydroxylation or carboxylation. These biotransformations were verified to be promoted by the P450 enzyme. Considering that none of the converted products showed inhibitory activity against A. alternata , these transformations were hypothesized to be self-protective mechanism of A. alternata . Expectedly, the combined use of P450 enzyme inhibitors and monoterpenes exhibited stronger antifungal activities, and could significantly inhibited black spot development in tomatoes. This work provides a reference for the development of effective antifungal agents.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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真菌学
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植物化学
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生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 88
·期 6
·
IF 5.005
Yuan Gong,Jia-Qi Liu,Ming-Jie Xu,Chun-Mei Zhang,Jun Gao,Cheng-Guo Li,Ke Xing,Sheng Qin
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms are considered promising environmental-safety fumigants for controlling postharvest diseases. Ceratocystis fimbriata, the pathogen of black spot disease, seriously affects the quality and yield of sweet potato in the field and postharvest. This study tested the effects of VOCs produced by Streptomyces setonii WY228 on the control of C. fimbriata in vitro and in vivo. The VOCs exhibited strong antifungal activity and significantly inhibited the growth of C. fimbriata. During the 20-day storage, VOC fumigation significantly controlled the occurrence of the pathogen, increased the content of antioxidants and defense-related enzymes and flavonoids, and boosted the starch content so as to maintain the quality of the sweet potatoes. Headspace analysis showed that the volatiles 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and dimethyl disulfide significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. fimbriata in a dose-dependent manner. Fumigation with 100 μL/L 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine completely controlled the pathogen in vivo after 10 days of storage. Transcriptome analysis showed that volatiles mainly downregulated the ribosomal synthesis genes and activated the proteasome system of the pathogen in response to VOC stress, while the genes related to spore development, cell membrane synthesis, mitochondrial function, and hydrolase and toxin synthesis were also downregulated, indicating that WY228-produced VOCs have diverse modes of action for pathogen control. Our study demonstrates that fumigation of sweet potato tuberous roots with S. setonii WY228 or use of formulations based on the VOCs is a promising new strategy to control sweet potato and other food and fruit pathogens during storage and shipment.IMPORTANCE Black spot disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata has caused huge economic losses to worldwide sweet potato production. At present, the control of C. fimbriata mainly depends on toxic fungicides, and there is a lack of effective alternative strategies. The research on biological control of sweet potato black spot disease is also very limited. An efficient biocontrol technique against pathogens using microbial volatile organic compounds could be an alternative method to control this disease. Our study revealed the significant biological control effect of volatile organic compounds of Streptomyces setonii WY228 on black spot disease of postharvest sweet potato and the complex antifungal mechanism against C. fimbriata. Our data demonstrated that Streptomyces setonii WY228 and its volatile 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine could be a candidate strain and compound for the creation of fumigants and showed the important potential of biotechnology applications in the field of food and agriculture.
研究领域:
微生物学
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植物病理学
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食品科学
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农业生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.751
Hui Kong,Xincheng Fu,Xia Chang,Zemin Ding,Yang Yu,Haishan Xu,Rongrong Wang,Yang Shan,Shenghua Ding
Alternaria alternata is the principal pathogenic fungus causing postharvest black spot disease of Korla pear, leading to enormous economic losses. This study aimed to explore the antifungal activity of ferulic acid (FA) and its two simple esterified derivatives, methyl ferulate (MF) and ethyl ferulate (EF), against A. alternata in vitro and in vivo , and to reveal the underlying inhibitory mechanisms. The results showed that MF and EF exhibited stronger inhibitory effects than FA on mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation of A. alternata in vitro , and on reducing the development of black spot disease in Korla pear fruit. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the surface morphology of A. alternata hyphae treated with FA, MF, and EF presented irreversible deformation, and transmission electron microscopy observation further demonstrated that MF and EF caused more serious damage to the cell membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles of A. alternata than FA, which impeded the normal growth of A. alternata . Notably, EF was slightly better than MF in inhibiting spore germination and damaging cell ultrastructure of A. alternata . In addition, propidium iodide staining suggested that FA, MF, and EF treatments damaged the plasma membrane integrity of A. alternata spores. At the same conditions, MF and EF treatments induced more leakage of intercellular electrolytes, nucleic acids and proteins of A. alternata than FA, indicating the increase of cell membrane permeability . Taken together, all these results evidenced that MF and EF exerted stronger antifungal activity than FA against A. alternata in vitro and in vivo through membrane damage mechanism, therefore they can be used as promising green substitutes to control postharvest black spot disease on Korla pear fruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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植物化学
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食品科学
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 7
Huan Zhang,Shuting Huang,Yali Zhao,Hong Sabrina Tian,Mengshi Lin,Yunfei Xie,Zhilong Yu
Active packaging technologies are evolving to enhance the preservation of fresh produce by fighting against microbial contamination and controlling internal packaging atmospheres. This study introduced an active fruit packaging called MT film, created by modifying a microporous polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/cellulose nanocrystal bionanocomposite film with CuO-doped titania nanotubes. The MT film, with an average micropore size of 2.4 μm, displayed excellent mechanical properties and hydrophobicity due to its crosslinked structure. When exposed to visible light, the MT film could produce reactive oxygen species, effectively inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Moreover, experiments on blueberry preservation demonstrated that the MT film could remove excess CO 2 and maintain a higher O 2 level. Under visible light, this film significantly reduced total viable count (4.6 ± 0.2 log CFU/g) and mold colony count (2.6 ± 0.1 log CFU/g), with Bacillus and Ascochyta being the primary inhibited genera. These findings highlight the potential of MT film in utilizing visible light to prevent microbial growth on blueberries and regulating the gas exchange of food packaging. MT film holds promise as an active packaging solution to improve the quality and shelf life of fresh produce while reducing food losses in the supply chain.
研究领域:
食品科学
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包装技术
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材料科学
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微生物学
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纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）