ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2017
·
IF 4.95
Weiwei Bian,Zhen Liu,Gang Lian,Le Wang,Qilong Wang,Jinhua Zhan
That intense demand for both high sensitivity and high reliability has been a key factor strengthening the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in the analytical application, particular in the hyphenation with pre-concentration technique. Credible data acquisition and processing is very dependent on the stable and uniform performance of SERS-active substrate. Here, a reliable and uniform ultrathin-layer Au was proposed for protecting the porous Ag fiber (porous Ag@Au) and applied in the solid phase microextraction coupled with SERS. The Au layer was carefully deposited on porous Ag surface to form the uniform film by a galvanic-free displacement reaction. This coating endowed the substrate with high oxidation-resistance under heating and good durability in the atmosphere condition. The extraction and SERS performance of Nitrofurazone and Semicarbazide were investigated on this fiber, the bands at 1350 cm −1 and 1387 cm −1 were selected as the characteristic peaks for quantitative determination , respectively. This robust and sensitive substrate provide the high enhancement factor of 1.3 × 10 6 and low LOD of 5.1 ppb for the extraction and identification of Nitrofurazone compounds. Importantly, this work develops a versatile strategy for rapid detection of prohibited antibiotic and its marker residue in a complex matrix.
研究领域:
分析化学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
Animals
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·1500
·
IF 2.752
Lihong Xing,Weihong Sun,Xiaojie Sun,Jixing Peng,Zhaoxin Li,Panpan Zhu,Xuying Zheng
Simple SummarySemicarbazide is considered the characteristic metabolite of nitrofurazone and it is often used as a marker to monitor the illegal use of nitrofurazone in foods. Recent studies have indicated that semicarbazide pollution can be introduced in many ways and this compound is a newly recognized pollutant type in the environment that accumulates in aquatic organisms throughout the food chain. Scallops are the third most consumed shellfish in China. We therefore studied the accumulation, chemical forms, and distribution of semicarbazide in scallop tissues. Semicarbazide added to tank seawater resulted in its accumulation in both free and tissue-bound forms and the levels varied according to tissue and were present in all tissues examined. The levels were highest in viscera and the lowest in muscle. The levels of semicarbazide in the environment and in cultured shellfish should be monitored to ensure food quality and safety and human health.AbstractSemicarbazide is a newly recognized marine pollutant and has the potential to threaten marine shellfish, the ecological equilibrium and human health. In this study, we examined the accumulation, distribution, and chemical forms of semicarbazide in scallop tissues after exposure to 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L for 30 d at 10 °C. We found a positive correlation between semicarbazide residues in the scallops and the exposure concentration (p< 0.01). Semicarbazide existed primarily in free form in all tissues while bound semicarbazide ranged from 12.1 to 32.7% and was tissue-dependent. The time for semicarbazide to reach steady-state enrichment was 25 days and the highest levels were found in the disgestive gland, followed by gills while levels in gonads and mantle were similar and were lowest in adductor muscle. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of semicarbazide at low exposure concentrations was higher than that at high exposure concentrations. These results indicated that the scallop can uptake semicarbazide from seawater and this affects the quality and safety of these types of products when used as a food source.Keywords:semicarbazide;accumulation;chemical forms;distribution;scallop
研究领域:
海洋生物学
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食品安全
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PubMed
高影响因子
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment
·
2016
·
IF 1.878
Xiaojun Zhang,Si Chen,Hanxiang Xu,Shuai Zhang,Zhongyong Yan,Jian Wang
Semicarbazide (SEM) is a side-chain metabolite of the antibiotic drug nitrofurazone (NFZ) and is employed as a conclusive marker for the use of banned NFZ. Recent studies have shown that SEM in aquatic crustaceans can be derived natively or from other sources. The presence and distribution of endogenous SEM within aquatic crustaceans is examined in this paper, which finds that the SEM content varies amongst the muscle, shell, and viscera of various prawn and crab species within the range of 0.35–26.62 ng g–1. The effects of heating and hypochlorite treatment on SEM levels were examined. The results indicate that thermal processing introduced a more significant impact, resulting in a maximum SEM value of 15.48 ng g–1 in a sample of shell of Portunus trituberculatus crab, while SEM levels in muscle samples were not affected by the duration of heating. Though 6% active chlorine treatment led to SEM production ranging between 39.9 and 196.4 ng g–1 in muscle samples from various crustaceans, SEM is unlikely to originate from hypochlorite or chlorine in practice where there are limits to actual chlorine in sanitation water and facilities. 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde (NF) was proposed as a selective marker to differentiate between endogenous SEM and NFZ-derived SEM in seafood.
研究领域:
食品科学
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海洋生物学
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药物分析
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Qiaoyue Xu,Willy Baeyens,Chunqing Liu,Davie Cappoen,Myriam Hsu,Yue Gao,Deqi Xiong
Semicarbazide (SEM) is a hydrazine-derived compound that enters the environment from various sources and exhibits complex toxicological mechanisms. There is growing concern about pollutant-induced toxicity during early development, as well as the long-term effects. In this study, Oryzias melatigma embryos were exposed to 10, 50, and 100 μg/L SEM for 14 days then reared in clean water for an additional 90 days until adulthood. Transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in neurotransmitters and lipid metabolism-related pathways. Specifically, several neurotransmitter system-related gene expressions were perturbed, accompanied by reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine levels, as well as decreased glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Altered gene expressions associated with lipid-related pathways suggest a possible link with the lipid metabolism and a potential role of SEM-induced neurodevelopmental effects. Notably, SEM residues were still detected in the liver and brain of adult in the 100 μg/L group even after the recovery periods. Abnormal neurotransmitter levels were also observed in adult fish, accompanied by reduced exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavioral changes. Altogether, these findings suggest that SEM-induced developmental neurotoxicity may be associated with disruptions in neurotransmitter homeostasis and metabolic disturbance, and early-life SEM exposure may lead to long-term neurodevelopmental effects even after a recovery period. This study provides new evidence for the neurotoxic effects of SEM exposure in aquatic organisms and highlights the importance of considering pollutant exposure during early development in ecological risk assessments.
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Antioxidants
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·
IF 6.6
Zejian Kuang,Hongjun Luo,Hui Li,Yongyin Zhou,Zhexuan Lin,Wenhong Luo
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a fatal complication with limited therapeutic options. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) contributes to oxidative stress and leukocyte recruitment, yet its role in SIMD remains unexplored. This study investigates whether hydralazine, a potent SSAO inhibitor, protects against SIMD by evaluating the involvement of SSAO inhibition. Using a murine model of LPS-induced sepsis, hydralazine was administered 30 min post-injection. Over a 7-day observation period, survival rates, cardiac function (assessed by echocardiography), and myocardial injury (evaluated via plasma biomarkers including CK, CK-MB, LDH, and AST, alongside histopathology) were monitored. Additional analyses included measurements of oxidative stress markers (T-AOC, GSH-PX, SOD, MDA, GSH), inflammatory chemokine levels using a Luminex panel, and myocardial SSAO activity via HPLC. The results demonstrated that hydralazine at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly improved 7-day survival rates from 20% to 90% and enhanced cardiac function in septic mice. It also reduced myocardial injury and histological damage while attenuating systemic inflammation through suppression of chemokine elevation. Furthermore, hydralazine boosted systemic and myocardial antioxidant capacity and normalized the sepsis-induced increase in myocardial SSAO activity, suggesting a potential mechanism for its protective effects. In conclusion, hydralazine shows robust cardioprotection in experimental sepsis by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory cell infiltration. The inhibition of SSAO activity may be a pivotal underlying molecular mechanism.
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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Qiaoyue Xu,Chunqing Liu,Si Chen,Xishan Li,Deqi Xiong
The residual antibiotics in aquatic animals present potential risk to ecological environment and food safety. Here, we uncover the biochemical reaction and molecular mechanisms in marine medaka embryos exposed to semicarbazide (SEM) at environmental relevant concentrations (10, 50 and 100 μg/L) for 14 days then followed by 7 days clean water recovery period. The decreased levels total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and increased levels in malondialdehyde (MDA) content suggesting SEM induced severe oxidative stress and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects further contributed to morphological changes and cardiac dysfunction. Meanwhile, oxidative stress activated genes associated with inflammatory responses ( tlr1, cyp1a1, ahr, il-1β ), implying potential suppression of innate immune functions. Furthermore, elevated activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), hexokinase (HK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), along with decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, indicated SEM activate glycolysis pathway and disrupt Tricarboxylic Acid cycle (TCA) cycle leading to mitochondrial function and energy metabolism imbalance. Notably, these adverse effects cannot be completely eliminated after the short recovery period, implying a potential long-term toxicity of SEM. This study provides new insights into the toxicity effect SEM on the early developmental of marine organisms, its underlying regulatory mechanisms and implications for SEM risk management.
研究领域:
毒理学
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海洋生物学
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发育生物学
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环境科学
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生物化学
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分子生物学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
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2022
·
IF 9.794
Hanyu Wang,Yukun Ouyang,Wenjing Zou,Xiong Deng,Hu Luo,Xingchong Liu,Haimin Li,Ruonan Zhou,Xian Peng,Xiaoli Gong,Huxin Luo
Introducing excessive PbI 2 in perovskite is widely used to fabricate high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via two-step spin coating , whereas the photoinduced decomposition of excessive PbI 2 may induce perovskite photodegradation for long-term illumination. In this work, a Lewis base semicarbazide hydrochloride (SH) is introduced in the first-step PbI 2 film, which can anchor strongly PbI 2 at the grain boundaries of perovskite, suppressing its photoinduced decomposition to Pb 0 and I 2 , and consequently enhancing the long-term photostability of PSCs. In addition, it is verified that SH can also coordinate with the uncoordinated Pb 2+ in perovskite, and thus stabilize [PbX 6 ] 4- octahedral to inhibit photoinduced ion migration. Therefore, the optimized PSC exhibits not only an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.88%, but also an enhanced photostability with 82.8% of its initial PCE under 500 h continuous AM 1.5G illumination. This work provides a new strategy to suppress PbI 2 photoinduced decomposition and perovskite photodegradation for the realization of photostable and efficient PSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光伏技术
·
化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
·
2019
·Vol. 16
·期 9
·1020-1030
·
IF 0.953
Liang Zhaochang,Huang Yuping,Wang Shiben,Deng Xianqing
Background: Several series of pyrazole derivatives containing (thio) semicarbazide (4a-4h, 5a-5l, 6a-6f, 7a-7c) were designed and synthesized to screen dual inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Methods: The products were characterized by1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. In vitro
LPS-induced TNF-α model and in vivo xylene-induced ear-edema model were used to evaluate their antiinflammatory activity. Their in vitro antimicrobial activities were evaluated using a serial dilution method against several gram-positive strains, gram-negative strains and a fungi strain.
Results: Bioassays indicated that most of the compounds markedly inhibited the expression of TNF- α at the concentration of 20 μg/mL Compounds 5i, 6b, and 7b had comparable in vivo antiinflammatory activity to the reference drug dexamethasone at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In addition,
several compounds showed antimicrobial activity against different strains, and compounds 5g and 5h exhibited potent inhibitory activities with the MIC value of 8 μg/mL against the Streptococcus pneumoniae CMCC 31968 and Staphylococcus aureus CMCC 25923, respectively. Compound 7b, which
exhibited both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, should be studied as it is or after derivatization. Conclusion: It can be concluded that pyrazoles, with (thio)-semicarbazone moieties, have the potential to be developed into new anti-inflammatory agents.
研究领域:
药理学
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药物化学
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传染病学
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炎症研究
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
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2018
·
IF 2.441
Tang Tang,Fangdi Wei,Xu Wang,Yujie Ma,Yueyue Song,Yunsu Ma,Quan Song,Guanhong Xu,Yao Cen,Qin Hu
A novel molecularly imprinted stir bar (MI-SB) for sorptive extraction of semicarbazide (SEM) was prepared in present paper. The coating of the stir bar was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic adsorption and static adsorption tests. The saturated adsorption of MI-SB was about 4 times over that of non-imprinted stir bar (NI-SB). The selectivity of MI-SB for SEM was much better than NI-SB. A method to determine SEM was established by coupling MI-SB sorptive extraction with HPLC-UV. The liner range was 1–100 ng/mL for SEM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985. The limit of detection was about 0.59 ng/mL, which was below the minimum required performance limit of SEM in meat products regulated by European Union. The method was applied to the determination of SEM in fish samples with satisfactory results.
研究领域:
分析化学
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食品安全
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高影响因子
MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·Vol. 193
·期 4
·272
·
IF 5.4
Yang Dong,Li Xiangyu,Wu Jing,Yao Tuanli,Chen Chaoxian,Li Xuhua,Chen Jifan,Lan Xueyun,Wang Jiao,Wang Haihua
Semicarbazide (SEM), a metabolite of nitrofurazone, poses potential risks as a carcinogen and teratogen in animal-derived foods. This research is centered on creating a homemade electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity for detecting SEM with dual signals. The working electrode was modified through the in-situ growth of a copper-iron bimetallic organic framework (Cu/Fe-BTC) on carbon cloth (CC), followed by the decoration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the Cu/Fe-BTC/CC surface. The Cu/Fe-BTC component provides abundant metallic active sites, resulting in a distinct [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− peak observed at 0.67 V (I 1 , vs. SCE). Concurrently, the incorporation of AuNPs enhances the electrode high electron transfer capacity, which amplifies the signal peaked at 0.18 V (I 2 , vs. SCE), thereby establishing an effective dual-signal detection system. Furthermore, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer was electropolymerized onto the modified electrodes, utilizing resorcinol as the functional monomer and SEM as the template. Then, the peak intensities of the dual signals decreased upon target (SEM) recognition and increased during template elution, generating a measurable detection signal. By calculating the current changes, ΔI D = ΔI 1 + ΔI 2 , the adsorbed template molecule concentration could be quantified. Under optimal conditions, the sensor has excellent stability, accuracy, and repeatability in analyzing various samples, including serum, urine, meat, egg, honey, canned food, flour, milk powder, fish, and shrimp. The determination range is linear, spanning from 0.005 to 100 nM, with a limit of detection at 3.9 pM. Therefore, the Cu/Fe-BTC and AuNPs-based MIP sensor represents a reliable dual-signal strategy for the quantitative determination of SEM. Graphical
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JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
·
2017
·Vol. 40
·期 9
·1993-2001
·
IF 2.557
Tianfu Wei,Gongke Li,Zhuomin Zhang
Semicarbazide, a toxic food contaminant, widely exists in food products and it originates from the thermal degradation of a food additive of azodicarbonamide or a metabolite of nitrofurazone abused in meat specimens. Many previous methods for semicarbazide determination usually required expensive instruments, difficult-to-prepare monoclonal antibodies, and a long operation time. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the rapid determination of trace semicarbazide coupling with a nucleophilic substitution reaction firstly using 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride as derivatization reagent. The derivatization reaction was mild at room temperature for 1 min in neutral solution. Then, semicarbazide derivative was separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection under optimal separation conditions at λ max = 261 nm. The proposed method offered the detection limit of 1.8 μg/L and was successfully applied for the rapid determination of trace semicarbazide in flour products. Semicarbazide in positive real samples could be actually found and quantified in the range of 0.47−7.53 mg/kg. The recoveries were 76.6−119% with relative standard deviations of 0.5–9.1% ( n = 3). This developed method was rapid, reliable, and convenient for the determination of trace semicarbazide in food.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
食品安全
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
·
2023
·
IF 4.3
Wu Huizhen,Liu Zhi,Zhang Hu,Xie Shuangnan,Tang Chao,Liu Wei,Li Bin,Chen Piao,Zhang Zihong,Qian Mingrong
Endogenous SEM (SEM end ) naturally occurs in crustacea aquatic products, it confuses the legal verdict of exogenous SEM (SEM ex ) degraded by antibiotic nitrofurazone abuse. In the present study, compound-specific gas phase chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) analysis coupled with a two-step pre-column derivatization was developed for determining the nitrogen stable ratio (δ 15 N) of SEM in shrimp and crab. The optimal derivatization and solid phase extraction (SPE) condition of SEM were screened by Plackett-Burman design and central composite design (CCD) experiment. The nitrogen isotope ratio analysis (NSIRA) of SEM in two types of crustaceans proved that its δ 15 N values significantly decreased from 7.0‰ to 2.0‰ once nitrofurazone being used. Analytical results found that the δ 15 N value of SEM ex in vivo was consistent its nitrofurazone precursor but the value of SEM end was dependent on N-containing components (e.g., tissue protein), ANOVA showed significant difference between two types of SEM (p < 0.05). Based on the δ 15 N variations between SEM itself and its nitrofurazone precursor, tissue protein of crustaceans, the percentages of SEM ex and SEM end can be calculated for its source apportionment in vivo. The limit of detection of SEM is down to 0.21 μg kg −1 and 0.54 μg kg −1 , and the identification lower limit of SEM ex are accurate at 6.27% and 0% for two types of crustaceans. The strategy first realized the independent determination of SEM ex and SEM end in crustacea aquatic products, which explained that high-level SEM in crustaceans can’t as the legal verdict of nitrofurazone abuse in aquaculture.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
分析化学
·
生物学
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）