COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2026
·
IF 14
Bowen Zhang,Zhenzhen Sun,Guorui Qiang,Haonan Xiong,Zhuohua Sun
Epoxy-based carbon fiber-reinforced composites (EP-CFRCs) are highly attractive for engineering applications due to their outstanding strength, lightness, and high durability. However, the limited recyclability of highly cross-linked epoxy matrices and their reliance on petroleum-based resources pose major challenges for the sustainable development of EP-CFRCs. Herein, we report a high-performance bio-based dual-dynamic cross-linked epoxy vitrimer. Benefiting from rigid conjugated structures and microphase separation in the network, FBP 0.5 exhibits excellent tensile strength (90.6 MPa) and flexural strength (126.8 MPa). The synergistic effect of tertiary amine-assisted dynamic ester bonds and boronic ester bonds accelerates topological network rearrangement, enabling FBP to achieve efficient self-healing, reprocessing, and closed-loop recycling without external catalysts. The special intrinsic fluorescence of FBP allows accurate material identification during recycling. The recycled degradation products can be directly reused for the preparation of new FBP or upgraded into high-performance adhesives without further separation or purification. EP-CFRCs based on FBP 0.5 (FBP 0.5 /CF) show excellent interfacial adhesion and mechanical reinforcement, while enabling nondestructive recycling of carbon fibers. This strategy offers a promising pathway for the design of sustainable high-performance epoxy thermosets and provides a practical solution for the circular utilization of EP-CFRCs.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 29.1
Qiang Gao,Wenjie Lin,Zhenyu Huang,Yi Zhang,Fenghua Zhang,Kunchi Xie,Danru Huang,Yaqi Liao,Zhengwei Cheng,Yunhui Huang,Fei Pei
Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) have attracted significant attention due to their high energy density and safety. However, the volumetric expansion/contraction of electrodes, along with persistent interfacial side reactions, leads to mechanical stress damage and failure of interfacial ion transport. Herein, we report an interfacial self-healing polymer electrolyte (SHPE) based on gradient covalent–noncovalent dynamic bonds, enabling multi-interfacial dynamic self-healing throughout the lifecycle of SSLBs. Via molecular engineering, high-strength boronic ester bonds are combined with ultrafast dynamic responsive hydrogen bonds to enable efficient room-temperature self-repair of interfacial defects in SSLBs. The rapid dynamic exchange between polymer chains further promoted fast lithium-ion conduction, achieving an ionic conductivity of 1.6 × 10 −3 S cm −1 (25°C). The Li|SHPE|Li cells demonstrated stable cycling for >3000 h. The incorporation of oxidation-resistant boron- and fluorine-containing functional groups extended the electrochemical window to 5.2 V. LiFePO 4 |SHPE|Li and LiCoO 2 (LCO)|SHPE|Li cells delivered >1000 and 700 cycles, respectively, while being compatible with LCO under high voltage (4.6 V) and loading (14 mg cm −2 ). Furthermore, the LCO|SHPE|Li (1.2 Ah) and LCO|SHPE|Si-C (2.5 Ah) pouch cells exhibited 200 and 400 cycles, respectively, and passed nail penetration safety tests. This study provides an interfacial self-healing strategy for developing high-energy-density and high-safety SSLBs.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 33
·45647-45656
·
IF 7.8
Ma Shitao,Gao Min,Zhang Bin,Zhang Guoliang,Ma Chunfeng,Zhang Guangzhao
Marine biofouling on the surface of underwater equipment severely impairs its operation. Conventional antifouling coatings can prevent biofouling; however, the removal of failed or temporary coatings during equipment repair is difficult and may damage the equipment surface. Herein, we report an antifouling coating consisting of polyaspartic ester-based polyurea modified with secondary amine oligosiloxane nanoclusters (NSs) as a crosslinker and a diisocyanate-terminated reactive amphiphilic polymer (RAP). In the resulting slow-curing polyurea coating, the RAP with low-surface-energy fluorinated side chains and polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains migrates to the coating surface during drying, allowing PEG to inhibit biofouling. The coating demonstrates satisfactory adhesion strength (2–8 MPa) on diverse substrates, including steel, ceramic, copper, glass, and epoxy panels, as well as >90% reduction in fibrinogen adsorption and relative bacterial adhesion values below 10% against S. aureus , E. coli , and P. sp. In addition, the coating exhibits high cohesive strength and moderate interface adhesion. As a result, it can be readily peeled from various surfaces with a peel strength of 1–9 N·cm –1 without damaging the equipment surface. This polyurea coating demonstrates promising application potential as an antibiofouling coating for marine environments.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Manman Jia,Lin Wang,Hui Jiao,Shukang Ti,Dongmei Yue
High-performance elastomer materials play indispensable roles in the aerospace, automotive, and petrochemical industries. However, conventional vulcanization systems rely on irreversible covalent bonds, which limit reprocessability and hinder sustainable use. Herein, we report a covalent adaptable network constructed from hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) that integrates high strength, outstanding toughness, reprocessability, and excellent oil and thermal resistance. Reactive epoxy groups were introduced into the HNBR backbone via sequential epoxidation and hydrogenation of NBR, followed by ring-opening reactions with terminal thiols of boronic ester cross-linkers (BDB) to construct the cross-linked network. The incorporation of dynamic boronic ester bonds enables topological rearrangement of the cross-linked network under thermal stimulation, thereby endowing the networks with reprocessability. The obtained materials display remarkable mechanical properties, with a maximum tensile strength of 27.8 MPa, elongation at break of 880%, and toughness of 67.6 MJ m–3, while retaining ∼15 MPa tensile strength even after three reprocessing cycles. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the superior strength and toughness stem from a synergistic mechanism involving dynamic covalent cross-linking, strain-induced crystallization, and hydrogen-bond dissipation. Furthermore, with carbon black reinforcement, the BDB-cross-linked systems rival the mechanical performance of conventional permanently DCP-cross-linked systems, while offering reprocessability and improved oil resistance. This work provides a general strategy for designing next-generation, reprocessable high-performance rubber materials for demanding industrial applications.
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 6.8
Genzheng Sha,Fenglong Li,Haiquan Sun,Jiheng Ding,Xiaolin Wang,Minghui Cui,Jin Zhu,Baoqiang Li,Peng Xiao,Jing Chen
Thermally conductive composites are witnessing expanding applications in electronics, energy and aerospace sectors. However, the development of eco-friendly, durable and high-performance thermally conductive materials remains a key challenge. To address this challenge, we rationally designed and fabricated a cardanol-derived non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU). Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and diphenyl chlorophosphate (DCP) were incorporated into the NIPU matrix to improve its thermal conductivity and flame-retardant performance. Moreover, dynamic disulfide bonds were rationally incorporated into the system, endowing the NIPU composites with efficient and reliable self-healing capabilities. Consequently, benefiting from the continuous thermally conductive pathways established by BNNSs, the 20% NIPU-2 N sample exhibited a striking 270% enhancement in through-plane thermal conductivity at a BNNSs loading of 20 wt%, reaching a final thermal conductivity of 1 W·m −1 ·K −1 . Additionally, the 20% NIPU-2 N achieved efficient self-healing at 100 °C within 3 h, with a tensile-strength recovery of 95.5%, and attained a V-0 flame retardancy rating. This fabrication strategy, leveraging the nano-reinforcing effect of BNNSs, offers a scalable approach that integrates green synthesis, efficient thermal management, and prolonged service life, demonstrating outstanding application potential in flexible printed circuits and wearable sensors.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Hong Mingdong,Yang Shengyi,Zou Guanzhen,Liu Mingzhu,Wang Yao,Bai Haoran,Fan Yaoyao,Tao Mengyao,Zou Bingsuo,Jiang Yurong
High-performance infrared photodetection is essential for emerging applications such as optical communication and night vision; however, extending the spectral response range beyond intrinsic bandgap limits remains a significant challenge for traditional crystalline materials. Herein, a facile synthesis of silver sulfide (Ag 2 S) crystalline nanodots (CNDs) and Ag 2 S amorphous nanodots (ANDs) to extend the responsive wavelength beyond the bandgap limits of conventional Ag 2 S colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) is reported. As compared to Ag 2 S-CNDs as the active layer, our dual-band infrared photodetector ITO/ZnO/PbS/Ag 2 S-ANDs/MXene/Au, in which the active layer of Ag 2 S-ANDs is in amorphous nanodots, exhibited dramatically superior performance of 100-fold higher photocurrent under 15.6 mW/cm 2 1550 nm illumination. As a result, a high specific detectivity of 2.32 × 10 13 Jones with a responsivity of 1.05 A/W is obtained from the photodetector ITO/ZnO/PbS/Ag 2 S-ANDs/MXene/Au under 0.2 μW/cm 2 980 nm illumination at 0 V, as well as a high specific detectivity of 4.47 × 10 11 Jones with a responsivity of 0.01 A/W under 8.5 μW/cm 2 1550 nm illumination, showing its higher performance among the top PbS CQD-based photodetectors. Therefore, this work demonstrates that amorphous inorganic nanomaterials offer a highly promising strategy for broadening the detection wavelength range for high-performance photodetectors.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Ge Hongwei,Liu Fanqi,Mo Wenjie,Shen Rongji,Zhou Li,Zeng Yanning
Epoxy vitrimers combining recyclability
with advanced
functional
properties represent a key direction for sustainable high-performance
polymers. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of biobased epoxy
vitrimers derived from biobased epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a
major green tea polyphenol. An EGCG-based epoxy monomer (EGCG-EP)
was synthesized and subsequently cross-linked with a bifunctional
thiol-containing cross-linker via epoxy-thiol “click”
chemistry, producing a series of epoxy vitrimers (EGB- x ). The abundant aromatic structure of EGCG imparts exceptional multifunctional
properties, including intrinsic flame retardancy (UL-94 V-0 rating,
LOI up to 28.5%), broad-spectrum UV-blocking (full shielding in the
200∼400 nm range), strong antioxidant activity (radical scavenging
efficiency >95% within 10 min), and effective antibacterial activity
against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Meanwhile, the dynamic boronic
ester bonds enable rapid stress relaxation, efficient self-healing
(95% efficiency), and complete reprocessability under mild conditions
without compromising mechanical performance. The EGB- x also exhibits excellent thermal stability, solvent resistance, and
chemical recyclability, allowing for nondestructive recovery of carbon
fibers from its composites.
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LANGMUIR
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
You Zhou,Zhengkai Han,Yunjin Li,Yun Xue,Jingshuang Zhang,Xinyue Zhang,Rui Shi
The inherent bioinertness of titanium alloy presents significant challenges for implants, including poor cell adhesion, restricted proliferation, and differentiation, ultimately hindering efficient osseointegration. To address this limitation, this study introduced a magnesium-incorporated gelatin-based macroporous hydrogel (Gelatin-Mg) bioactive interface. This hydrogel modified the surface of porous titanium alloy scaffolds, enhancing osseointegration through a dual mechanism: (1) promoting cell adhesion and proliferation on the scaffold surface and (2) synergistically leveraging magnesium ions to boost osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities. These combined actions culminated in the enhanced ingrowth of new bone tissue within the titanium scaffold, enabling effective osseointegration. The bioactive hydrogel interface demonstrated suitable mechanical properties, sustained magnesium ion release kinetics, and excellent biocompatibility. It significantly promoted both osteogenic and angiogenic performance in in vitro cell assays. In rat bone defect models, compared with unmodified scaffolds, scaffolds modified with the Gelatin-Mg bioactive interface exhibited superior osseointegration efficacy. Therefore, this bioactive hydrogel interface could provide a robust material platform for achieving precise and effective osseointegration, offering significant potential for improving fracture healing outcomes.
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POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 4.5
Yiyi Xu,Hua Xin,Xinjian Wang,Yue Chen,Xinqi Li,Bo Gao,Xiaojuan Lai
Conventional waterborne polyurethanes characteristically possess a linear structure, a property that invariably leads to deficiencies in both water resistance and mechanical strength. In this study, two novel functional monomer crosslinkers, eugenol-based polyol (EUMP) and bis(mercapto)fluorine-containing binary chain extender (PTFA), were synthesised through a thiol-ene click reaction. Crosslinked network waterborne polyurethane (EUMP WPU) with different dosage of crosslinking agent EUMP was prepared by self emulsification method. The test results showed that when the amount of EUMP was 4 wt%, the contact angle of EUMP-WPU reached a maximum of 85.6° and the tensile strength reached a maximum of 23.61 MPa. Therefore, the optimum amount of cross-linking agent EUMP was selected as 4 wt%, and different amounts of dimercapto fluorinated binary chain extender PTFA were introduced into the system using the thiol-isocyanate click reaction to obtain fluorinated waterborne polyurethane (EUMP-FWPU). The EUMP-FWPU samples were characterised through a series of tests and the results showed that the mechanical strength, adhesion and hydrophobicity of the latex film were significantly improved. It was observed that when the PTFA dosage was 8 wt%, the tensile strength was 30.34 MPa, and the contact angle was 117°. The film transmittance rate is above 92 %, which can be applied to mobile phone screen protector in hydrophobic and can protect the screen without affecting the sensitivity of normal operation of the mobile phone screen.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Boxue Du,Hangyu Mi,Yijun Du,Qi Li,Yifang Wang,Xiaoxiao Kong
Epoxy resins are widely used as primary insulating materials in high voltage power equipment. However, the irreversible three-dimensional cross-linked networks formed by conventional epoxy resins pose significant challenges for recycling processing of retired equipment. In this paper, dynamic boronic ester bonds are introduced into epoxy resin to construct reversible dynamic covalent network, aiming to endow materials with recyclability while meeting the performance requirements of power equipment. Experimental results show that, comparing to the traditional anhydride-cured epoxy resin, dielectric loss is reduced by 37% and dielectric breakdown strength is increased by 17% of the developed epoxy Vitrimers, when the sulfhydryl-epoxy stoichiometric ratio is 1:1. This improvement is attributed to the introduction of flexible boronic ester chains, which shorten the relaxation time and modulate the relaxation peak range. Dynamic boronic ester bonds within the network enable topological rearrangement at elevated temperatures, thereby imparting good reprocessing capability. After multiple physical recycling and remolding, the retained breakdown strength remains over 80% of the original value. Additionally, the constructed dynamic covalent network allows epoxy resin to be fully degraded in ethylene glycol solution, demonstrating environmentally friendly end-of-life behavior. These properties highlight the potential of this epoxy system to serve as an internal insulating material in electrical engineering applications, particularly for insulation components in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS).
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 9
Bin Peng,Shaobin Wen,Jingyu Zhang,Yicheng Jiang,Haisheng Zhang,Qiang Zhang
Effectively removing oily pollutants from wastewater is crucial for environmental protection and reuse of water resources. Preparing membranes based on mussel-inspired chemistry for oil-water separation is a promising method. However, excessive biomimetic deposition could lead to a decrease in permeability of membranes. Herein, superhydrophilic layer has been prepared via the co-deposition of branched poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (BPGE) and dopamine on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane surface, following modification with glycerol thiols (MTG) through thiol-ene click and Michael addition reaction. Surface characterization demonstrated the in-situ generation of protruding nanoparticles on the membrane. The modified membranes exhibited superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, and achieve high separation efficiency for various oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions. Besides, the membrane shows excellent reusability in cycling separation experiments. Moreover, the good chemical stability of biomimetic branched coating within certain pH ranges from 5-11 enables the modified membrane with great potential for the treatment of oily industry wastewater
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Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 8
·3105
·
IF 3.4
Qinghong Yu,Qingmiao Wang,Tao Feng,Li Wang,Zhixuan Fan
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising photothermal material for solar desalination. However, its limitation in integrating with organic substances constrains its application because of the lack of functional groups on its surface. Here, this work presents a functionalization approach to introduce three different functional groups (-COOH -OH -NH2) on the surface of MoS2by combining them with S vacancies. Subsequently, the functionalized MoS2was coated on the polyvinyl alcohol-modified polyurethane sponge to fabricate a MoS2-based double-layer evaporator through an organic bonding reaction. Photothermal desalination experiments show that the functionalized material has higher photothermal efficiency. The evaporation rate of the hydroxyl functionalized the MoS2evaporator evaporation rate is 1.35 kg m−2h−1, and the evaporation efficiency is 83% at one sun. This work provides a new strategy for efficient, green, and large-scale utilization of solar energy by MoS2-based evaporators.Keywords:molybdenum disulfide;functionalization;coatings;solar desalination
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