Fabricating stable mono-/multi-valent anion-selective membranes with high perm-selectivity for electrodialysis (ED) applications is critical but challengeable. In this work, we have fabricated a series of novel homogeneous monovalent anion-selective amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEMs, PAES-im-Xc) based on a long-side-chain type imidazolium-functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone) cross-linked with 4,4′-diazostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid disodium salt (DAS) for ED. By tuning the mass percent of DAS added, low swelling ratio but appreciably high anion perm-selectivity (in Cl – /SO 4 2– system) of optimized AIEM are achieved to values of 8.0% and 47.12 at current density of 2.5 mA cm –2 , respectively. In particular, at an enhanced current density of 5.0 mA cm –2 , its perm-selectivity reaches 12.5, significantly outperforming commercial monovalent anion-selective Neosepta ACS (5.27). The appreciably high perm-selectivity possibly arises from pore-size sieving effect from dense matrix structure with cross-linkings and strong electrostatic repulsion between negative fixed –SO 3 – groups and negative divalent ions of SO 4 2– in feeding solution. The superior performances might be particularly interesting findings that can facilitate the development of advanced mono-/bi-valent anion-selective membranes in applications of sea water desalination, resource recovery and water treatment/pretreatment etc..
Tingting Yang,Zhenzhou Lin,Ling Xie,Yao Wang,Suyue Pan
Vasogenic edema induced by blood brain barrier disruption and neuronal loss play an important role in the epileptogenic process. 4,4′- diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) is a commonly used anion channel inhibitor that has been reported to exert an anticonvulsant effect in rat hippocampus in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate whether DIDS could prevent epileptogenic process in rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The tight junction proteins and serum extravasation were examined in the piriform cortex 3 days after status epilepticus. The findings showed that status epilepticus induced vasogenic edema. Based on these findings, rats were intracerebroventricularly infused with saline and DIDS 1 week after surgery, DIDS reduced vasogenic edema and prevented neuronal loss following status epilepticus in the piriform cortex. Moreover, spontaneous recurrent seizures were recorded by continuous video monitoring. DIDS significantly reduced the frequency and duration of spontaneous recurrent seizures from day 28 to day 42 post status epilepticus. These findings demonstrated that DIDS attenuated vasogenic edema and neuronal apoptosis and might exert disease-modifying effect in animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. These results explored a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of epilepsy.
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