Density and viscosity data of pure 3-chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene and 3-chloro-2-fluoronitrobenzene were obtained in temperature range from 318.15 K to 348.15 K at the local atmospheric pressure of 99.7 kPa. The value of corresponding saturated vapour pressure of two isomers were determined in the temperature range of 409 K to 517 K. The relationship between temperature and density can be well correlated by the linear equation. The viscosity data was well described by the Litovitz, Ghatee, VFT, and Andrade equations, and the calculated value by the VFT equation is consistent with the measured data. Both the Antoine and Riedel equations can accurately describe the relationship between saturated vapour pressure and temperature of 3-chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene and 3-chloro-2-fluoronitrobenzene, which can meet the requirements for chemical design. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient was determined based on the density data, and the molar vaporisation enthalpy of two isomers was evaluated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Mingguang Zhang,Zhongbao Bi,Yunyun Wang,Yuxun Zhao,Yang Yang,Yongqiang Zhu,Shifa Wang
A new and practical synthesis of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, a key intermediate for preparing antimicrobial 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid drugs, is synthesized from 2,4-difluoro-3-chlororobenzoic acid. The protocol involves nitration, esterification, reduction of NO2, diazotization, and hydrolysis with a 70% overall yield. The structures of the synthesized compounds are determined by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The advantages of this developed synthetic strategy include an improved overall yield and readily controllable reaction conditions.
The binary vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at the pressure of 101.3 kPa, which are 3,3-dimethyloxetane + methyl cyclohexane and 3-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol + methyl cyclohexane, have been measured using a modified Rose vapor-recirculating equilibrium still. The reliability of VLE data was verified by thermodynamic consistency of area test of Herington and point test of Van Ness. The experimental data were regressed with activity coefficient models of Wilson, nonrandom two-liquid, and UNIQUAC, respectively, and the corresponding binary interaction parameters were obtained using the maximum likelihood method. The root-mean square deviations between calculated and experimental data for the vapor phase molar fraction and equilibrium temperature were less than 0.0119 and 0.58 K, which indicated that the fitted results for the three models were within acceptable limits.
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