The removal of biocide 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol (CMP) was investigated by heterogeneous Fenton-like system using nanoparticulate zero-valent iron (nZVI) as catalyst. The properties of nZVI before and after reaction were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of pH value, initial concentration of CMP, nZVI dose and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentration were determined. The experimental results showed that lower pH value and CMP concentration brought faster degradation rate. With the initial pH value of 6.1 and initial CMP concentration of 0.7 mM, the optimal dosage of reagents were 0.5 g nZVI/L and 3.0 mM H 2 O 2 . At pH 6.1, the degradation of CMP followed two-stage first-order kinetic that composed of an induction period (first-stage) and a followed rapid degradation stage (second-stage). According to the effects of scavengers n -butanol and KI, hydroxyl radicals ( OH), especially the surface-bounded •OH, had a dominant role in the oxidation of CMP. The degradation intermediates, carboxylic acids and chloride ion produced during the reaction process were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and ion chromatography (IC). On the basis of these findings, the possible mechanistic steps of CMP degradation were proposed.
A novel class of 3-methylphenol alkoxy aluminum complexes was developed for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) under mild conditions (60 °C, 30 min). Through systematic optimization of Al/CL molar ratios (5:1000 ~ 4:1000), monomer concentrations (1 mol/L), and reaction parameters, high polymer yield (99.9% ± 0.1%) was achieved, yielding polycaprolactone (PCL) with tunable molecular weights (M n up to 34 kg/mol) and narrow dispersity (PDI = 1.38). Structural characterization via 1 H NMR and FTIR confirmed successful PCL formation. GPC analysis validated controlled chain growth and uniformity (PDI < 1.5), while thermal properties were assessed via DSC and TGA, showing semicrystalline behavior and high thermal stability. Kinetic studies showed linear molecular weight progression with polymer yield, while sequential monomer feeding experiments confirmed living polymerization characteristics, with M n increasing proportionally and maintaining low PDI. Compared to conventional metal-based systems, this catalytic platform operates at lower temperatures with reduced toxicity risks, enabling energy-efficient synthesis of biodegradable polyester for biomedical and packaging applications.
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