With growing interest in the fields of wearable devices, it is crucial yet rather challenging to develop skinlike soft conductive materials with customizable functionalities and human tissue-compatible mechanical properties. Previously reported electronic skins struggle to meet the demands for transparence, mechanical adaptability, and stable conductivity during deformation. The recent rise of ionic skins with inorganic salts or ionic liquids doping provides the intrinsic stretchability, however, dilemmas remain for their limited functionalities such as a monotonous appearance and a narrow scope of mechanical and sensory properties. Herein, we design a type of zwitterionic hydrogels from the perspective of molecular interactions, which successfully combines ultrastretchability (>10000% strain), high strength (∼300 kPa), self-healability (at room temperature within 12 h), 3D printability, distinct stimuli-responsibility, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. The wide spectrum of such excellent properties has been rarely reported before and along with the ability to fabricate bioinspired intelligent skins recreating multiple sensations and mechanical properties of human skin, covering a broad range of sensitivity, and displaying tunable visual effect. We believe this work will inspire the programming of stimuli-responsive skinlike materials and contribute to the smart devices for information transformation between natural and artificial interfaces.
Given the increasing global demand for sustainable materials and growing concerns over the depletion of petrochemical resources, we report the synthesis of an amorphous bio-derived polyester diol, and this diol was polymerized with various isocyanates and butanediol, yielding a novel series of bio-based polyurethane elastomers (BPUEs). Notably, the prepared HDI-17% exhibited remarkable mechanical properties comparable to petroleum-based elastomers while demonstrating exceptional biodegradability. Specifically, the elastomer indicated an enzymatic degradation ratio of 82.0% within 20 days and a relative compost degradation ratio of up to 95.5% compared with lignin over 90 days. These results significantly surpass the degradation rates of other degradable PUs reported in the literature. Regarding the degradation mechanism, our findings indicated that enzymatic degradation primarily targeted the ester groups of soft segments, with the process occurring layer-by-layer from exterior to interior. Additionally, microphase separation significantly influenced the degradation rate. Notably, both the BPUEs and their degradation byproduct solution were found to be nonbiotoxicity, highlighting their potential for safe application within biological systems. Furthermore, the BPUEs exhibited remarkable 3D printability, allowing for the precise fabrication of complex devices. These results mark a significant step forward in sustainable materials, providing viable options for the applications of customizing degradable biomedical devices.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）