Simple and reliable mass production of platinum-based alloy catalysts with excellent activity and stability is an enormous challenge for the wide commercialization of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), especially those with ultralow loading of Pt. Herein, an economical, highly durable, and efficient catalyst consisting of structurally ordered intermetallic Pt3Co alloy nanoparticles with ultralow Pt loading (1.4 wt %) supported on hierarchically porous carbon structure (three-dimensional, 3D Pt3Co/C) were synthesized with large-scale production by the NaCl-template-assisted approach. The obtained best sample, 3D Pt3Co/C#1, exhibited mass activities of 11.56 and 0.70 A mgPt–1 for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in alkaline and acidic electrolytes, which are 60.8 and 6.4 times those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. Furthermore, the 3D Pt3Co/C#1 exhibited excellent stability both in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, with almost no decay of the half-wave potential after 5000 potential cycles. This work proposes a new high-yielding, simple, and environmentally friendly method to fabricate excellent Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts with ultralow loading of Pt, which opens up new hopes for the development of PEMFC.
3D pothole-rich hierarchical amorphous carbon network-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Ni NPs) electrocatalytic material (3D-Ni@AC) is successfully designed and synthesized via a facile in-situ NaCl template-removal method for electrochemical non-enzymatic cysteine (CySH) detection. 3D-Ni@AC assembled from the carbon nanosheet encapsulated Ni NPs layer-by-layer interlaced possesses interconnected porous network structure, the network structure of carbon nano-layer can effectively prevent the agglomeration of Ni NPs, ensuring full utilization of active materials. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) study showed that 3D-Ni@AC/GCE displayed high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of CySH compared to template-free Ni@AC/GCE. The unique structure, the enlarged specific surface area and the synergistic effects from the excellent conductivity of carbon frame and Ni NPs provide fast electrons/ions transfer and favorable electrocatalytic activity for the electro-oxidation of CySH. In an electrolyte solution of 0.1 M NaOH, the constructed CySH sensor offered a high sensitivity (0.079 mA/cm 2 μM), a low detection limit (0.15 μM) and a wide linear range (from 0.8 to 85 μM). The fabricated high electrocatalytic performance sensor was utilized to monitor the CySH levels in urine and serum, and satisfactory results were gained. Moreover, 3D-Ni@AC electrode showed good reproducibility, stability, and anti-interference ability, indicating that 3D-Ni@AC can be used as a good electrocatalytic material in practical biological applications.
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