The solubility of 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB) in 17 neat solvents, that is, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, tetrahydrofuran, 2-butanone, acetonitrile, chloroform, 2-pentanone, dichloromethane, and diethyl ether, was measured via a gravimetric method from 272.95 to 324.15 K under ambient pressure. Within the experimental temperature range, the mole fraction solubility of DCB increased with the rising temperature in all selected solvents, and the order of magnitude is cyclopentanone > dichloromethane > cyclohexanone ≈ tetrahydrofuran > chloroform > (acetone, 2-butanone) > 2-pentanone ≈ methyl acetate > ethyl formate > ethyl acetate > acetonitrile > diethyl ether > methanol > ethanol > n-propanol > isopropanol. The solubility of DCB in ketones was much higher than that in ethers and alcohols. The Wilson model, nonrandom two-liquid model, Apelblat equation, and λh equation were employed to mathematically express the solid–liquid phase equilibrium data of DCB. The maximum values of the root-mean-square and relative average deviations were 9.83 × 10–5 and 5.21 × 10–3, respectively, which indicated that good correlation was recorded between the experimental and calculated data. The dissolution enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were calculated on the basis of thermodynamic relations and the Wilson model, which revealed that the dissolution of DCB was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
The chemical transformation of CO 2 into high-value-added products is not only favourable to environmental preservation, but also promising for economy. Developing novel and practical catalysts play a critical role in facilitating conversion of CO 2 and the synthesis of high value-added chemicals. Herein, we present the fabrication of biphenyl-typed copper phthalocyanine polymer (BPh-CuPc) from 4,4’-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl via a one-pot synthesis procedure, and application of it as a promising catalyst for CO 2 conversion into cyclocarbonate. FTIR, XPS, UV–vis, TGA and SEM measurements confirm the successful fabrication of BPh-CuPc. Attributing to the existence of copper ions which can act as a Lewis acid to activate epoxide, and phthalocyanine rings that is positive for CO 2 absorption, within the chemical framework of BPh-CuPc, it exhibits excellent catalytic activity for CO 2 conversion into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions when combined with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). As a result, a 98 % yield and 99 % selectivity are obtained for the BPh-CuPc/TBAI system in CO 2 /propylene oxide conversion under condition of 90 °C, 8 h and 2.0 MPa. The obtained high yield and selectivity, as well as remarkable stability and versatility, validate the promising application of BPh-CuPc as a CO 2 conversion catalyst. Synopsis Attributing to the existence of copper ions and phthalocyanine rings within the chemical framework, BPh-CuPc exhibits excellent catalytic activity for CO 2 conversion into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions.
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