FOOD CONTROL
·
2021
·
IF 5.548
Zeyi Wu,Qin Ye,Jinshuang Wang,Ningxiang Yu,Xiaohua Nie,Chaosheng Xia,Xianghe Meng
Chicken breast, a food rich in protein, was deep-fried in soybean oil (SBO) at 140, 175 and 190 °C for 20 continuous batches, and the profiles of acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), 2-tert-Butyl-1,4-dihydrobenzoquinone (TBHQ), and 2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ) in SBO and fried chicken breast were determined. The results suggested that frying at 140 °C produced increased conversion of TBHQ to TBBQ and oxidation of the frying oil than at 175 °C, which was close to that found at 190 °C. The highest TBBQ peak concentration of 2.89 ± 0.12 and 13.88 ± 0.27 mg/kg for fried chicken breast and frying oil corresponded to the 7th and 6th frying batch at 140 °C, respectively. The experimental results on determination of the AV, PV, moisture and the content of oxygen in frying oil suggested that more moisture and oxygen were retained in oil when frying at 140 °C than that at 175 °C, which may explain the over-conversion of TBHQ to TBBQ when frying at low temperature. The results on aeration frying and water injection frying experiments indicated that moisture and oxygen had a great impact on the oxidation of TBHQ in frying oil.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2022
·
IF 8.943
Zhangbin Pan,Zhenqi Du,Junqi Jia,Aiguo Lin,Yongqiang Wang,Wuchang Song,Shaohua Sun,Hongbo Wang,Ruibao Jia,Lian Hou
2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), a typical representative of Halobenzoquinones, is an emerging aromatic disinfection by-product (DBP) with high toxicity and carcinogenicity , generated commonly through the chlorination in the drinking water disinfection process while there is still a lack of research on its removal. In this study, the effects of ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) on the degradation of DCBQ were evaluated. The results showed that UV-AOPs are effective in degrading DCBQ. The removal of DCBQ by UV/H 2 O 2 /O 3 was more significant than by UV/H 2 O 2 or UV/O 3, achieving a 96.7% removal rate at both the O 3 and H 2 O 2 doses of 1 mg/L. The results also indicated the alkaline and weakly acidic environments could facilitate the degradation of DCBQ, inorganic anions could inhibit DCBQ degradation and the degree of inhibition increased as the matrix concentration increased. The degradation of DCBQ was inhibited more by the CO 3 2− than the other matrix components, such as Cl − and NO 3 − . It was shown by the density functional theory simulations and the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) - Orbitrap mass spectra that the electrons in DCBQ are mainly on the chlorine atom connected to the carboatomic ring and that OH• can attack the chlorine atom to cause de-chlorination. The DCBQ degradation pathway may involve the oxidation of DCBQ to 3-hydroxy-2,6-DCBQ (HO–DCBQ) and 3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-pyrogallol, the further degradation of intermediate products by OH• to dechlorinated forms of HO–DCBQ and DCBQ.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Hongyan Zhai,Jun Zhao,Rumeng Wang,Yuwei Yan,Shanshan Yu,Yingxin Zhao
As a typical aromatic disinfection byproduct (DBP), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) attracts much concern due to the potential toxicity. To further evaluate the role of 2,6-DCBQ as an intermediate DBP in water with or without chlorine, their decomposition characteristics and transformation potential to the regulated DBPs (i.e., trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) were investigated under different chlorine doses, pH values, temperatures, contact times, and bromide levels. The decomposition of 2,6-DCBQ under different conditions all fit apparent first-order kinetics. The hydrolysis rate constants of 2,6-DCBQ significantly increased with pH. The half-live values of 2,6-DCBQ were 108.3–568.7 h at pH 6.0–6.5, and 1.8–31.1 h at pH 7.0–8.5. During the hydrolysis of 2,6-DCBQ, there was no THMs and HAAs generated. During chlorination, 2,6-DCBQ decayed rapidly accompanied by the fast formation of trichloromethane (TCM) and the gradual generation of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The molar conversion rates of 2,6-DCBQ-to-THMs (i.e., TCM) and 2,6-DCBQ-to-HAAs were 2.9–10.0% and 0.1–2.2% under different conditions. The presence of bromide increased the conversion rates of 2,6-DCBQ-to-THMs and caused the generation of brominated THMs and HAAs. According to the decomposition characteristics of 2,6-DCBQ and the formation trends of THMs and HAAs under different conditions, multiple formation pathways from 2,6-DCBQ to THMs and HAAs were proposed.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2020
·Vol. 27
·期 25
·31289-31299
·
IF 3.056
Zhu Mengyu,Lu Jun,Hu Yadong,Liu Ying,Hu Shuheng,Zhu Chengzhu
The superoxide anion radical (O 2 •− ) is one of the most predominant reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is also involved in diverse chemical and biological processes. In this study, O 2 •− was generated by irradiating riboflavin in an O 2 -saturated solution using an ultraviolet lamp ( λ em = 365 nm) as the light source. The photochemical reduction of 1,4-benzoquinone ( p -BQ) by O 2 •− was explored by 355-nm laser flash photolysis (LFP) and 365-nm UV light steady irradiation. The results showed that the photodecomposition efficiency of p -BQ was influenced by the riboflavin concentration, p -BQ initial concentration, and pH values. The superoxide anion radical originating from riboflavin photolysis served as a reductant to react with p -BQ, forming reduced BQ radicals (BQ •− ) with a second-order rate constant of 1.1 × 10 9 L mol −1 s −1 . The main product of the photochemical reaction between p -BQ and O 2 •− was hydroquinone (H 2 Q). The present work suggests that the reaction with O 2 •− is a potential transformation pathway of 1, 4-benzoquinone in atmospheric aqueous environments.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2019
·
IF 7.467
Zeyi Yao,Wu Tang,Xinxin Wang,Chuan Wang,Chuluo Yang,Cong Fan
The organic cathodes with high specific capacity are highly desirable to fabricate high-specific-energy-density organic Li-ion full cells. Herein, we initially propose the long-term plan for the systematic synthesis of the oligomer family of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), which can possess theoretical specific capacity above 500 mA h g −1 . As a start, the dimer of 1,4-benzoquinone (2,2′-bis-(1,4-benzoquinone), BBQ) is synthesized, which can realize the specific capacity of 501 mA h g −1 and the average discharge potential of ~2.5 V (vs. Li + /Li). Even facing the dissolution problem, BBQ can deliver average specific capacities of ~190 mA h g −1 during 3000 cycles at 500 mA g −1 and ~120 mA h g −1 during 8000 cycles at 2 A g −1 in Li-ion half cells. Afterwards, the all-organic Li-ion full cells are fabricated by using the reduced state (Li 4 TP) of lithium terephthalate (Li 2 TP) as the starting anode and BBQ as the starting cathode. Delightfully, the resulting Li 4 TP-BBQ Li-ion full cells can realize the specific capacity of 316 mA h g −1 cathode in the 1st cycle (500 mA g −1 ). Meanwhile, average specific capacities of ~98 mA h g −1 during 1000 cycles can be fulfilled (500 mA g −1 ). The results of the Li 4 TP-BBQ Li-ion full cells are among the best all-organic Li-ion full batteries reported to date.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
·
2020
·Vol. 97
·期 8
·879-888
·
IF 1.659
Qin Ye,Chaosheng Xia,Xiaohua Nie,Xianghe Meng
2- tert -Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ), the main oxidation product of tert -butyl-hydroquinone (TBHQ) during frying, is cytotoxic and its residual levels in frying oils and foods are unknown. In this study, TBBQ residues have been evaluated during the preparation of french fries. Results showed that frying at 140 °C resulted in the highest TBBQ peak concentration (48.42 mg kg −1 ) compared with frying at 190 or 170 °C. This unexpected finding can be attributed to more extensive hydrolytic reaction when frying at the lower temperature, generating more peroxyl radicals. TBBQ concentrations proved to be independent of the oil type among various unsaturated oils. However, higher TBBQ levels were observed in saturated palm oil and crude soybean oil than in unsaturated oil or refined oil. Continuous frying leads to the accumulation of a large amount of TBBQ in fried food. After frying 1–5 batches, TBBQ levels in both the frying oil and fries were above 10 mg kg −1 , exceeding its critical cytotoxic concentration (IC 50 value of 10.71 mg kg −1 for RAW 246.7 cells in our previous study), warranting concern with respect to the safety of fried food. FTIR has been utilized as an effective tool for visually monitoring the degree of oxidation in the frying medium with respect to its hydrogen peroxide level, which contributes to the increased level of TBBQ derived from TBHQ therein.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
毒理学
·
食品化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2016
·Vol. 70
·期 6
·691-698
·
IF 1.427
Yu Shen,Fumin Wang,Chaoqun Yang,Xubin Zhang
Hierarchical HZSM-5 were synthesised by controlled desilication in alkaline medium and characterised by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry, N2 adsorption–desorption, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of HZSM-5 towards the selective oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol by H2O2 was evaluated. Recyclability tests were also carried out. The results showed that 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone was produced in high yields (i.e. 90 %), corresponding to a 2,3,6-trimethylphenol percentage of 98 %. The N2 adsorption–desorption and XRD studies suggested that mesopores with an average size of 5 nm were produced and that the structural character of HZSM-5 was preserved after desilication. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the spent catalyst indicated good stability of the hierarchical structure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed the development of acid sites. The combined results suggested that the nature of the solvent, intrinsic acidity, and shape selectivity of the hierarchical structure of the catalyst ensured high catalytic properties.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Zilong Xie,Siyi Yu,Jiankun Wu,Xiao Lin,Yanping Liu,Jianzhi Wang,Jie Liu,Faquan Yu
2.3.5-trimethyl-1.4-benzoquinone (TMQ) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E, and the oxygen oxidation of 2.3.6-trimethylphenol (TMP) is commonly used to prepare TMQ in the industry. However, the slow mass transfer of oxygen from the gas phase to the liquid phase in the gas-liquid two-phase reaction greatly limits the oxidation reaction rate. Therefore, this study presents a mild and efficient synthesis of TMQ by catalytic oxidation of TMP using high-velocity air as an oxidant in a self-built continuous flow microreactor. The continuous flow microreactor shows excellent mass transfer performance, and high- velocity air was used to drive the feedstock liquid to do circular motion. The effects of different operating conditions and microreactor parameters on TMP conversion and TMQ yield were investigated. The results show that the TMP conversion and TMQ yield reach 100% and 89.9% under the optimal conditions of the continuous flow microreactor, respectively. Compared with the tank reactors, this continuous-flow microreactor has broad application prospects in the production of TMP catalytic oxidation. In a state of continuous high-speed circular motion, efficient mass transfer in a narrow pipe enables full contact between the liquid and gas phases. As a result, reaction time is reduced from approximately 5 hours to merely 78.5 seconds.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
有机合成
·
工业催化
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 7.514
Ningxiang Yu,Qin Ye,Xiaohua Nie,Chaosheng Xia,Xianghe Meng
This study aimed to obtain a reliable evaluation about addition of tert -butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and distribution of TBHQ and 2 -tert -butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ) contents in typical edible oils and oleaginous foods marketed in Hangzhou City. Briefly, the probability of labeled with addition of TBHQ in foods decreased from 36.45 ± 2.6% to 28.78 ± 3.7% in the period from 2018 to 2020. In the 135 analyzed samples, TBHQ contents were far less than the maximum legal additive amount, and TBBQ contents ranged from below its limit of quantification (LOQ) to 13.54 ± 1.15 mg/kg. The conversion rate from TBHQ to TBBQ in edible oils was 2.94 ± 1.17%, much lower than that in other food categories. Further research determined that the process method and food composition were the main factors for different conversion rates from TBHQ to TBBQ in various food categories. In addition, oil consumption was found to be the primary source of dietary intake of TBHQ and TBBQ.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
·
营养学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 9.028
Shuo Xu,Shaoyang Hu,Lizhong Zhu,Wei Wang
Haloquinone chloroimides (HQCs) are suspected to be highly toxic contaminants, and their production during drinking water disinfection is predicted. However, HQC disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have not been reported in drinking water to date because of analytical limitations. In this study, we developed an analytical method to detect five HQCs, including 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (2,6-DCQC), 2,6-dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide (2,6-DBQC), 2-chloroquinone-4-chloroimide (2-CQC), 3-chloroquinone-4-chloroimide (3-CQC), and 2,6-dichloroquinone-3-methyl-chloroimide (2,6-DCMQC). This method combined a derivatization reaction of HQCs with phenol in alkaline solutions to produce halogenated indophenols, a solid-phase extraction pretreatment using hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridges, and a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method for quantification. The method was demonstrated to be sensitive and accurate with recoveries of 71–85% and limits of detection of 0.1–0.2 ng/L for the five tested HQCs. Using this method, five tested HQCs were identified in drinking water samples from nine water treatment plants and water distribution systems as new DBPs at concentrations of up to 23.1 ng/L. The cytotoxicity of the five tested HQCs in HepG2 cells was higher than or comparable to that of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), an emerging DBP that was hundreds to thousands of times more toxic than regulated DBPs. This study presents the first analytical method for HQC DBPs in drinking water and the first set of occurrence and cytotoxicity data of HQC DBPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
·
分析化学
·
毒理学
·
水处理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Energy Technology
·
2017
·Vol. 6
·期 4
·752-758
·
IF 2.789
Weihan Wang,Xichuan Yang,Jiajia Li,Haoxin Wang,Jincheng An,Li Zhang,Xiao Jiang,Ze Yu,Licheng Sun
As a champion hole-transporting material (HTM), 2,2′7,7′-tetrakis-( N , N -di- p -methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) has been widely used in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs). Owing to the low conductivity of Spiro-OMeTAD, a chemical doping strategy is commonly used to enhance its hole-transporting properties. In this study, we report a strong electron acceptor, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as an additive for Spiro-OMeTAD along with its application in ssDSCs. We show that the conductivity of Spiro-OMeTAD increases from 5.31×10 −5 to 2.22×10 −4 S cm upon the addition of 0.04 % DDQ, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ssDSCs also increases. By utilizing a donor–π–acceptor sensitizer with a high coefficient and an HTM with an optimized doping ratio, we were able to achieve a high PCE of 6.37 % for the ssDSCs under 100 mW cm −2 AM1.5G simulated illumination, in comparison to the PCE of the pristine device, which was only 3.50 %. An increase in the application of benzoquinone-based materials for organic electronics is expected, especially for solar-cell applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
太阳能
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2020
·
IF 5.778
Fengxia Chen,Daojian Tang,Ya Wang,Tuo Li,Jiahai Ma
A novel catalyst which integrates heterogeneous and homogenous Fenton reactions is designed and fabricated by encapsulating 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DBQ) in ECDP-Fe 3 O 4 , a composite of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles immobilized on a β-cyclodextrin polymer (ECDP) with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as cross-linking agent. The 2,5-DBQ@ECDP-Fe 3 O 4 has superior catalytic performance for 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation compared with control systems. Mechanism study revealed that although the initial active site is Fe 3 O 4 loaded on ECDP, the actually catalyst is the iron ions released from Fe 3 O 4 but confined within the composite. EDTA in β-cyclodextrin polymer can improve both the solubility and adsorption capacity to H 2 O 2 of Fe 3 O 4 . The quinone molecules 2,5-DBQ in the β-cyclodextrin cavity can accelerate Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ cycle adjacent to the cavity, thus in favor of the decomposition of H 2 O 2 into OH as main reactive oxidizing species. The current catalyst integrates the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes and is promising in practical applications.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
催化
·
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）