PLoS One
·
2021
·Vol. 16
·期 4
·e0249915
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IF 3.24
Jing Han,Ze-Tian Qin,Jing Zhang,Wen-Qiang Wang,Jing-Ya Wu,Yong-Ze Lu,Li-Wei Sun
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are used in cosmetics, personal care products and packaging materials to provide sun protection for human skin and other substances. Little is known about these substances, but they continue to be released into the environment. The acute toxicity of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC to Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna were analyzed in this study. The 96 h-EC 50 values of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on C . vulgaris were 183.60, 3.50 and 0.16874 mg/L, respectively. The 48 h-LC 50 of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on D . magna were 12.50, 3.74 and 0.54445 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of a mixture of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC showed addictive effect on C . vulgaris , while the toxicity of mixtures of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC as well as 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC all showed antagonistic effect on C . vulgaris . The induced no-effect concentrations of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC by the assessment factor (AF) method were 0.0125, 0.00350 and 0.000169 mg/L, respectively.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2023
·
IF 5.8
Ren Suyu,Jin Xiaojie,Bekele Tadiyose Girma,Lv Min,Ding Jing,Tan Feng,Chen Lingxin
4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), a typical organic UV filter (OUVF) in personal care products, is considered to be a potential endocrine disruptor due to its estrogenic activity and bioaccumulation. Although 4-MBC residues have been extensively identified in aquatic waters, little is known about their occurrence, levels, and potential risk in coastal waters. This study developed a reliable sampling approach, based on diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) with XAD-2 as the binding agent, for monitoring 4-MBC in coastal waters. The diffusion coefficients of 4-MBC in freshwater and artificial seawater were 3.65 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s and 3.83 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s, respectively. XAD-2 binding gel showed rapid adsorption to 4-MBC. The accumulated masses of 4-MBC in XAD-2 DGT increased linearly with deployed time for 7 days in freshwater and seawater, which agreed well with theoretical predictions. The sampling performance was independent of ionic strength (0.0001–0.5 M), pH (4.0–8.5), and dissolved organic matter (0–20 mg/L). Field deployment in the river estuary and bathing beach showed that DGT-measured 4-MBC concentrations were consistent in comparison with grab sampling. Environmental risk assessment showed that 4-MBC may pose a medium risk to aquatic organisms based on computed risk quotient (RQ) values. Sewage discharge is the main source of 4-MBC risk, while the residue in recreation beaches contributes more significantly in summer. The established DGT sampling is suitable for seasonal monitoring, source identification, and risk assessment of 4-MBC in coastal waters. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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水质
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Hanye Ju,Yankun Zhang,Yongqiang Qin,Jin Liu,Yihou Tang,Inna M. Sokolova,Xiaoping Diao
UV filters, such as 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), are emerging environmental contaminants that threaten marine life and ecosystem integrity. This study investigated metabolic disruptions in the liver of clown anemonefish ( Amphiprion ocellaris ) after exposure to 4-MBC (0, 10, 50 µg/L) for 7 or 14 days. Exposure led to 4-MBC accumulation and significant liver metabolic disturbances and endocrine disruption in the fish. Random forest analysis identified vitellogenin and testosterone levels as key factors distinguishing treatment groups. Molecular docking showed high binding affinity of 4-MBC to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and vitellogenin in the liver. Additionally, 4-MBC exposure reduced thyroid hormone levels and disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, with more severe effects at 7 days compared to 14 days. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 4-MBC interfered with hepatic insulin sensitivity by disrupting pathways involving Insulin Receptor (INSR), Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K), Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS), and others. It also impacted genes related to lipid accumulation, gluconeogenesis, and lipid utilization. Furthermore, 4-MBC disrupted the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)’s protein degradation system, causing ER stress and activating lipogenic pathways, which enhanced lipid accumulation. The reduction in thyroid hormones and metabolic dysfunctions may impair the reproductive health and population stability of clown anemonefish. These findings underscore the potential ecotoxicity of 4-MBC and its adverse effects on coral reef fish populations, raising concerns about its environmental impact.
研究领域:
生态毒理学
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海洋生物学
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内分泌学
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分子生物学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）