CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Yu Tian,Huina Liu,Jianan Li,Yuanyuan Ding,Manman Zhu,Chenguang Liu
A multiscale engineering strategy integrates THEDES with thermosensitive hydrogels. • THEDES enhances 5-ASA solubility, permeability, and anti-inflammatory efficacy. • THEDES-Gel enables prolonged colonic retention and controlled release. • THEDES-Gel provides a versatile platform for insoluble drugs for UC treatment. Overcoming the low aqueous solubility, poor mucosal permeability, and imprecise delivery of drugs remains a critical challenge in pharmaceutical engineering. Herein, we designed a novel therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) using 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and L-arginine (Arg) at a molar ratio of 1: 1.4, which functioned as both a solubilizer and osmotic enhancer of 5-ASA. THEDES showed satisfactory viscosity (61.7 ± 1.3 Pa·s), pH (8.9), zeta potential (−12.0 ± 1.4 mV), and anti-inflammatory activity when using in colonic microenvironment. To address the subsequent challenges of rapid clearance and leakage of THEDES at the colon lesion site, THEDES was loaded into a poloxamer 407 hydrogel with methylcellulose as the adhesive to construct an in-situ gelling enema system (THEDES-Gel). Notably, the engineered THEDES-Gel significantly prolonged colonic retention compared to THEDES alone, while achieving a high cumulative release rate of 5-ASA (97.0 ± 0.8% at 6 h) under the effect of “Push-Pull-Permeate”. Furthermore, THEDES-Gel was demonstrated to have a significant alleviating effect during the treatment of UC in mice by reducing inflammation and maintaining the normal structure of colonic tissue. THEDES-Gel demonstrates a rational materials design strategy that couples molecular-scale solvent engineering of drugs with macroscopic drug delivery system fabrication for the efficient utilization of insoluble drugs.
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Journal of Advanced Research
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2026
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IF 17.1
Lu Wang,Xiaolong Yang,Xiaofang An,Shiwen Chen,Zihan Xia,Ling He,Xiaohu Gan,Yuanyuan Zhao,Chaoqian Zhang,Chaoxi Chen,Ge Fang,Tao Dai
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global health challenge characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, immune dysregulation, and impaired intestinal barrier integrity. Although montmorillonite (MMT) is clinically used for gastrointestinal protection, its limited anti-inflammatory and ROS-scavenging activities restrict its therapeutic potential in intestinal inflammatory disorders. Objectives This study aimed to develop a multifunctional clay-supported nanozyme platform and evaluate its therapeutic effects in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis model through the rational construction and screening of MMT-supported metal oxide nanocomposite (MMT@M x O y ) library. Methods A library of MMT@M x O y was constructed by integrating different metal oxide nanozymes onto MMT. The nanocomposites were screened and optimized by electron-transfer behavior, multienzyme-mimetic activities, and ROS-scavenging performance. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in DSS‑induced acute colitis model. Therapeutic mechanisms were investigated using transcriptomic profiling, gut microbiota analysis, biochemical assays, and molecular validation. Results MMT@MnO 2 was identified as the leading nanocomposite owing to favorable electron-transfer characteristics and enhanced loading-normalized multienzyme-mimetic and ROS scavenging activities. Optimizing Mn precursor feeding ratio produced the lead MMT@MnO 2 formulation, which exhibited favorable biocompatibility. In vivo, MMT@MnO 22 alleviated body weight loss, reduced disease activity, preserved colon length, attenuated histopathological injury, and promoted mucus barrier recovery. Improvements in disease-related indices approached the orally administered 5-aminosalicylic acid, although route differences preclude direct pharmacological comparison. Mechanistically, MMT@MnO 2 attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, promoted macrophage phenotype remodeling toward less inflammatory and more reparative state, restored epithelial tight junction, and partially recovery of gut microbial homeostasis. Transcriptomic analysis and downstream molecular validation supported the involvement of NF-κB-related inflammatory suppression, phagosome-associated immune remodeling, and Rap1/ERK-related epithelial repair. Conclusion This work established a rational design framework for clay-based nanotherapeutics and identified MMT@MnO 2 as a promising multitarget platform for alleviating DSS-induced acute colitis, offering a basis for future translational development of local nanotherapeutic strategies for intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry B
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2026
·
IF 6.2
Jiahao Du,Yunyun Sun,Dong Yu,Shengwei Lu,Simin Yu,Mei Wang,Guoqing Zhou,Songxin Xu,Lei Zhang,Yefei Zhu,Longxiang Zhou
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory gastrointestinal disorder characterized by sustained intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key driver of these pathological processes. Although CeO₂-based nanozymes can scavenge ROS, its clinical application is limited by poor aqueous stability. Here, we developed an oral nanozyme by co-encapsulating ultrasmall CeO₂ nanoparticles and the clinical drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) within liposomes. The resulting formulation (CeLA) exhibited excellent colloidal stability and robust ROS-scavenging activity, and provided marked cytoprotection against oxidative stress in vitro. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, CeLA alleviated clinical symptoms, restored intestinal barrier integrity, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Notably, CeLA also reshaped the dysbiotic gut microbiome by reducing pro-inflammatory bacterial taxa. This multifunctional nanozyme integrates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbiome-modulating effects, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
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2026
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IF 5.7
Na Li,Hehe Shi,Wei Du,Siqian Luo,Xianyue Yang,Xinyue Yang,Bingyue Jiang,Peng Xia,Guangji Zhang,Wanghui Jing
The progression from ulcerative colitis to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) represents a significant clinical challenge. 6-Shogaol, a bioactive phenolic compound of ginger, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 6-shogaol against colitis and CAC, and explore the underlying mechanisms through network pharmacology and in vivo validation. Putative hub targets and pathways associated with 6-shogaol were identified through network pharmacology. Murine models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane/DSS-induced CAC were established, and the mice were treated with 6-shogaol to assess the latter’s therapeutic effects. The targets of 6-shogaol predicted through network pharmacology were mainly associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways. I n vivo , 6-shogaol relieved colitis symptoms and reduced CAC tumor burden. Furthermore, 6-shogaol alleviated intestinal inflammation by decreasing the colonic levels of TNF-α and MPO, and reduced oxidative stress in the colon tissues, as indicated by lower ROS production and malondialdehyde content. Moreover, 6-shogaol restored intestinal barrier function by upregulating claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1, and decreasing intestinal permeability. Mechanistically, 6-shogaol promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation by upregulating nuclear Nrf2 expression while downregulating cytoplasmic Keap1, thereby activating antioxidant response element driver genes, including Hmox1 , Nqo1 , and Gclc . Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinity between 6-shogaol and Keap1 receptor, with a low binding energy of -6.89 kcal/mol. These findings collectively suggested that 6-shogaol alleviated colitis and CAC in murine models by inhibiting colonic inflammation, relieving oxidative stress, and enhancing intestinal barrier function through the activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2026
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·124766
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IF 7.5
Tao Hou,Hong-Li Lu,Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi,Ai-Hong Chen,Wang-Wang Tang,Meng-Yuan Li,Dan Cui
Azo dye wastewater remains challenging to treat due to its high chemical stability, toxicity, and poor biodegradability. Herein, a reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline (rGO/PANI)-modified carbon brush was developed as a biocathode for Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) decolorization in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). Physicochemical characterization confirmed successful rGO/PANI modification and showed improved surface properties, including porous morphology, enhanced hydrophilicity, and less negative surface charge. Electrochemical analyses further demonstrated higher current response, lower interfacial resistance, and improved cathodic activity after modification. At 0.7 V, the rGO/PANI biocathode achieved 96.1 ± 0.02% AYR decolorization and 74.6% COD removal within 24 h, together with higher current response and lower interfacial resistance than the unmodified biocathode. Coulombic efficiency decreased from 65.3% to 46.7%, indicating electron loss to competing cathodic reactions. Microbial community analysis showed that rGO/PANI modification reshaped the cathodic biofilm and selectively enriched dominant genera, particularly Comamonas and Flavobacterium. Functional prediction further suggested enhanced potential for extracellular electron transfer and azo dye reduction. These results demonstrate that rGO/PANI modification is an effective and economical approach for improving biocathode performance in azo dye wastewater treatment.
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Advanced Healthcare Materials
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2025
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IF 9.6
Yanxue Si,Ruitao Cha,Pai Zhang,Fengshan Zhou,Wenbing Yuan,Xingyu Jiang
5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the first-line drug for ulcerative colitis (UC), which encounters therapeutic constraints due to the poor water solubility and absorption by the upper gastrointestinal. Here, a cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) is used as a carrier for 5-ASA (ASA@CM) to enhance its solubility. To improve the targeted release 5-ASA, ASA@CM is incorporated into sodium alginate/ L -arginine complex (SA-LA) to obtain the desired microspheres (ASA@CM/SL) by electrospray. ASA@CM/SL safeguards 5-ASA against the harsh gastrointestinal environment and provides favorable delivery to the colon. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity is studied by measuring inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The therapeutic effect of ASA@CM/SL on UC mice induced with dextran sulfate sodium is assessed. The biosafety by evaluating cytotoxicity and organ toxicity is studied. ASA@CM/SL shows excellent therapeutic effects for UC, as evidenced by its alleviation of inflammatory response and restoration of disrupted intestinal barriers. ASA@CM/SL features low cytotoxicity and low organ toxicity. This study provides a potential strategy for improving 5-ASA solubility and delivery efficiency, which may also be applied to broadly tackle various small hydrophobic molecules to treat UC and other intestinal diseases.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 1.3
Yihui Hua,Jialin Hu,Xinxin Xu,Chuanlai Xu,Guo-Qin Jiang
Salicylic acid (SA), the primary active metabolite of aspirin, is widely used in clinical practice for its antipyretic and analgesic effects. However, excessive use can cause poisoning, increase the body’s metabolic burden and potentially become life-threatening. To overcome the limitations of current detection methods—such as complex and time-consuming procedures, reliance on sophisticated instruments, and the need for trained operators—this study developed a rapid, on-site alternative. A highly specific monoclonal antibody against SA was produced using 5-aminosalicylic acid as a hapten, exhibiting high affinity with an IC₅₀ of 198.59 ng/mL. Based on this antibody, a lateral flow immunoassay strip was established, offering a visual detection limit of 50 ng/mL and a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL for semi-quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, the results obtained from SA determination using strips showed good consistency with indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with recovery rates ranging from 97.28% to 105.81%. This strip provides a simple, efficient tool for rapid screening of SA poisoning at point-of-care settings, including emergency departments and primary healthcare facilities, demonstrating strong potential for practical use.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Jingjing Niu,Meng Wang,Yinxiong Wang,Bowen Yang,Bo Zhang,Min An,Anqi Lin,Lingxiao Li,Lihong Liu,Zhigang Yang,Yanbin Shi
Rhein demonstrates therapeutic advantages in ulcerative colitis treatment through multi-target synergy and multi-pathways, yet its clinical application is limited by poor oral bioavailability due to low solubility and poor medication compliance caused by gastrointestinal irritation. The study constructed a composite oral colon-specific delivery system based on rhein-loaded Pickering emulsions (Rhein@Rh-CS/TPP PEs), in which rhein-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles (Rh-CS/TPP NPs) serving as emulsifier, aiming to enhance rhein' bioavailability, improve its anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy, and reduce side effects. Briefly, rhein was covalently modified onto chitosan to increase hydrophobicity of chitosan, then the synthesized Rh-CS/TPP NPs were served as solid particle emulsifier. The resulting Rhein@Rh-CS/TPP PEs were verified as an oral delivery system with pH-responsive, enzyme-triggered, and bioadhesive properties for colon-specific and sustained release. Rhein exerted synergistic anti-ulcerative colitis effects by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/MLCK pathway activation and up-regulating tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-3 and occludin. Additionally, the Pickering emulsions significantly improved rhein' bioavailability while mitigating intestinal irritation-induced nutrient loss. The work provides a new strategy for the safe and effective application of insoluble intestinal stimulant drugs in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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BioScience Trends
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2026
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IF 5
Fangzhou Dou,Jing Li,Daoran Lu,Yueyi Sun,Shasha Hu,Jianjun Gao
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with limited treatment options. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been implicated in inflammation and pain, but its role in UC remains a subject of debate. The current study investigated the effects of TRPA1 inhibition in both acute and subacute murine models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Genetic knockout of Trpa1 or pharmacological inhibition with A967079 significantly ameliorated inflammation in the acute model, reducing the disease activity index (DAI), colon shortening, histopathological damage, and TNF-α secretion from macrophages. In contrast, TRPA1 suppression exacerbated subacute colitis and worsened weight loss, DAI, colon shortening, and histopathology. Mechanistically, Trpa1 deletion promoted CD4+ T cell polarization toward the Th1 subtype in subacute colitis, increasing IFN-γ levels. These findings reveal a dual role for TRPA1 in colonic inflammation: it mediates pro-inflammatory effects primarily via innate immune cells in the acute phase but has anti-inflammatory effects by modulating adaptive immunity in the subacute phase. These findings provide new insights into the context-dependent roles of TRPA1 and suggest that TRPA1 may represent a context-specific and stage-dependent therapeutic target in UC.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2026
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IF 12.5
Kaipei Luo,Qiuxia Li,Siyin Chen,Qingya Jia,Yuxin Wu,Weiwei Liao,Yufei Su,Liping Chen,Xiao Wang,Zhimin Chen,Xiaofang Li,Ling Li,Lu Yang
Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is a triterpenoid saponin with promising potential in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its efficacy is hindered by poor solubility and rapid systemic clearance. Gliadin, an amphiphilic protein, has been widely used as a nanocarrier. Here, the novel edible pullulan-stabilized gliadin nanocomplexes (PL-Gli NPs) were developed to deliver ASIV. Interaction force analysis revealed that the formation of PL-Gli NPs involved in electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonding. ASIV was encapsulated into PL-Gli NPs via hydrophobic interaction to form ASIV-loaded nanocomplexes (ASIV@PL-Gli NPs). The resulting nanocomplexes had a particle size of (381.5 ± 5.3) nm and high encapsulation efficiency of 93.00 %. Notably, the stability of ASIV@PL-Gli NPs was improved under harsh conditions owing to the incorporation of pullulan. Furthermore, ASIV@PL-Gli NPs exhibited sustained release, with only 63.69 % cumulative release of ASIV at 10 h. Importantly, ASIV@PL-Gli NPs markedly enhanced anti-UC efficacy of ASIV, evidenced by a 51.81 % increase in colon length, a 53.16 % reduction in disease activity index scores, and significant decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. This work first employs pullulan and gliadin as oral nanocarriers for the delivery of ASIV, providing great potential for functional foods in UC treatment.
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APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 3.3
Wang Zi-Xian,Huang Qiu-Ping,Wu Wei,Li Wan-Ying,Liu Jun-Yang,Wang Ke-Ying,Huang Chun-Xiang,Zhang Ming-Yu,Song Jia-Le
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cyanidin-3,5-O-glucoside (C35G) on intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier integrity, and fibrogenesis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 2.5%)-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its effects. After a 28-day C35G intervention, UC mice showed significant improvements in clinical symptoms, including weight loss and an increased disease activity index (DAI). Additionally, there was an elevation in serum levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 A, IL-18, and TNF-α. C35G increased the colonic mRNA levels of Zo1 , Claudin1 , and Occludin , and reduced intestinal epithelial permeability, ultimately promoting the restoration of mucosal barrier integrity in UC mice. In addition, C35G influenced the colonic Nrf2/Keap1 pathway by upregulating the mRNA levels of Cat , Sod1 , Sod2 , and Mgst1 . This modulation was accompanied by an increase in the serum levels of SOD and catalase, as well as a reduction in the levels of the oxidative stress marker MDA. The C35G-induced inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation reduced the expression of intestinal fibrotic factors (α-SMA and Collagen I), ultimately attenuating intestinal fibrosis. Moreover, C35G stimulated autophagy in the intestinal epithelial tissues of UC mice by increasing the protein expression of LC3-II, Beclin 1, p-AMPK, and ULK1 while decreasing the levels of p62, p-Akt, and p-mTOR. These results suggested that C35G reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by acting as an antioxidant and modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Additionally, C35G regulates autophagy through the AMPK/Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathway, thereby improving intestinal inflammation, restoring the compromised intestinal barrier, and preventing intestinal fibrosis in mice with UC. Graphical
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.5
Xing-Yue Xu,Huan Yu,Maolin Wang,Feng-Rong Zhang,Mei Liu,Ji-Cheng Yang,Xian-Yu Li,Hong-Jun Yang,Zhaojie Meng
Natural plant-derived flavonoids hold considerable promise for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) due to their intrinsic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as their favorable biocompatibility. Nevertheless, clinical translation remains hindered by multiple barriers, including poor structural stability in the harsh gastric environment, low bioavailability, limited intestinal retention and non-specific distribution throughout the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome these limitations, we developed a pH-responsive, colon-localized nanodelivery system composed of chitosan-encapsulated, flavonoid-loaded gold nanoparticles derived from Radix Puerariae thomsonii (CRPT-NPs). CRPT-NPs exhibit pH-dependent degradability, conferring gastric protection and site-preferential release in the inflamed colon. In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis model, CRPT-NPs markedly alleviated colonic inflammation, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and promoted restoration of epithelial integrity. Proteomic profiling further revealed that the therapeutic effects of CRPT-NPs are associated with modulation of inflammation- and mucosal barrier-related proteins. Further mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of a DSG2-mediated ERK/p38 MAPK signaling axis in the protective effects of CRPT-NPs. Importantly, CRPT-NPs demonstrated favorable biosafety profiles in both in vitro and in vivo . Collectively, these findings support CRPT-NPs as a robust nanotherapeutic platform with translational potential for UC treatment, and provide mechanistic insight into the passive, pH-driven delivery of botanical agents to inflamed intestinal tissues.
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