Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
·
2020
·
IF 0
GAO Shan,WANG Li,ZHANG Zhijia,LI Rui,WANG Qiang,WANG Guojun,WEI Hao,OUYANG Xiao
Visual and selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) for public and environmental protection is an extremely urgent issue and challenge. Herein, a novel fluorescence polyurethane (FPU) has been successfully synthesized and exploited for selective TNP-detection in coexistence with other commonly competitive nitroaromatic analytes. Excellent recognition ability of FPU toward TNP could reach as low as 0.12 μM and the observed fluorescence responses of FPU are exceptional stable to acid, alkali, and salt. Furthermore, a portable, cost effective, and simple indicator paper depending on FPU for visual detection of TNP is developed. FPU indicator paper exhibits two unique advantages: one is the higher selectivity for TNP detection, the other is realizing the rapid and visual explosives detection. The detection mechanism is described for the synergies in the photoelectron transfer (PET), the fluorescence internal filtration effect (IFE) and the fluorescence energy transfer (FRET). This work provides a novel guidance for the design of fluorescent polymers with portable, cost effective, and visual detection of TNP.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
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DOI
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Xuan Liu,Lixia Yang,Rao Chen,Mei Han,Chaoqun Yao,Guangwen Chen
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is an essential insensitive energetic material. The alkylation of 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (Trinitrophloroglucinol, TNPG), which yields 1,3,5-triethoxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TETNB), is a pivotal step for the synthesis of TATB. The conventional synthetic process has suffered from long reaction time (∼165 min), intricate procedures, and intensive evaporation of a large number of volatile by-products, which increases the risk of spill and eruption of the reaction system, and necessitates in situ continuous gas–liquid separation. A new process for continuous alkylation in microreactors was proposed in this study. Firstly, a parametric investigation in the batch reactor was performed to explore the effects of various process parameters on the yields, resulting in the optimal experimental conditions, i.e., no reflux condensation, triethyl orthoformate (TEOF) as alkylation reagent, molar ratio of 12, reaction temperature of 120 °C and reaction time of 40 min. Subsequent continuous synthesis in microreactors was conducted, which realized the convenient process operation and no need of gas–liquid separation, leading to substantial improvement in the reaction efficiency and safety. Remarkably, within a packed microreactor, under the reaction temperature of 130 °C and residence time of 3 min, 99.24 % in the yield of TETNB was achieved. Comparing with conventional batch reactors, the required reaction time was reduced to approximately 1/50. Taking the advantages of precise control of temperature and reaction time in the microreactors, the kinetics of alkylation reaction were determined. This innovative approach of continuous synthesis can provide an efficient and alternative route for the synthesis of TATB, as well as other energetic materials and similar processes.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 11.3
Ruiqi Qiao,Yingxing Li,Rongchao Zhu,Huazangnaowu Bai,Chuanfang Zhao,Baiyi Zu,Zhenzhen Cai
It is of great significance for the discrimination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) from their analogues. Here, based on the electron-deficient properties of TNT and TNP, a series of o-phenylenediamine/polyethyleneimine carbonized polymer dots (OPD/PEI CPDs) with different densities and types of amine groups (-NH 2 ) on the surface were designed by modulating the ratio of the precursors OPD and PEI. The surface -NH 2 group of OPD/PEI CPDs could form a Meisenheimer complex with TNT, triggering the Forster resonance energy transfer, while forming hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl in TNP, triggering the charge transfer and spectral overlap to produce photoinduced electron transfer accompanied with inner filter effect. When the ratio of OPD to PEI is 1:1 and the surface -NH 2 content is 26.06 %, the OPD/PEI 1 CPDs demonstrated a more superior sensing performance toward targets, including a low limit of detection (TNT: 324 nM and 255 µM, TNP: 21.08 nM and 318.6 nM), a rapid response (<1 s), and a rather good selectivity in the presence of 20 interferents. Moreover, the practicality of the OPD/PEI 1 CPDs was further verified by an OPD/PEI 1 CPDs-based paper sensor, which is capable of discriminating TNT and TNP particles and vapors as low as pg-level and ppm-level respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2015
·Vol. 407
·期 16
·4607-4613
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IF 3.436
Deng Xiang,Huang Xiaomei,Wu Di
Nitroaromatic compounds, for example trinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), are well-known primary constituents of many unexploded landmines worldwide. These compounds are recognized as environmental contaminants and as toxic to living organisms. Therefore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for TNP detection was developed on the basis of spectral overlap between the fluorescence spectrum of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) and absorption spectrum of TNP (the calculated Förster distance R
0 of the donor CuNCs and the acceptor TNP is 2.8 nm). Water-soluble fluorescent CuNCs capped with bovine serum albumin have fluorescence emission from 350 nm to 500 nm with maximum fluorescence emission at 400 nm, which overlaps with the absorption spectra of TNP from 350 nm to 450 nm. Inspired by FRET structures, an unprecedented energy-donor-and-acceptor pair of fluorescent CuNCs and TNP is developed in this work. Fluorescence of CuNCs is quenched in the presence of TNP as a result of FRET from fluorescent CuNCs to TNP. Therefore a fluorescence quenching method for the determination of TNP is developed. It achieves TNP detection from 0.8 μmol L −1 to 100 μmol L −1 , with response within 1 min and with good selectivity compared with that for other nitroaromatic compounds, including 2,4-dinitrotoluene, p -nitrotoluene, and nitrobenzene, and phenol.
Förster resonance-energy-transfer detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol using copper nanoclusters was first developed. It achieves TNP detection from 0.8 mmol L −1 to 100 mmol L −1 within 1 min with good selectivity compared with other nitroaromatic compounds
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE
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2020
·Vol. 31
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 2.093
Lu Shikong,Xue Meihua,Tao Aojia,Weng Yuhui,Yao Bixia,Weng Wen,Lin Xiuchun
Functionalized carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) are fabricated by moderate carbonization of L -tartaric acid and urea in oil acid media by a facile microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The obtained CNQDs are monodispersed with a narrow size distribution (average size of 3.5 nm), and exhibit excellent selectivity and sensitivity of fluorescence quenching for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) with a quenching efficiency coefficient K sv of 4.75 × 10 4 M −1 . This sensing system exhibits a fast response time within 1 min and a wide linear response range from 0.1 to 15 μM. The limit of detection is as low as 87 nM, which is comparable or lower than the other probes. The application of the developed probe to the detection of TNP in spiked water samples yields satisfactory results. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching is also discussed.
An optical sensor based on functionalized carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) were fabricated from L -tartaric acid and urea by a facile one-pot microwave-assisted solvothermal method, and were effectively utilized to the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) based on fluorescence (FL) quenching.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2016
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·10
·
IF 2.944
Bo Jin,Juan Shen,Xiaoshuang Gou,Rufang Peng,Shijin Chu,Haishan Dong
A series of energetic polymers, poly(vinyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenylacetal)-g-polyglycidylazides (PVTNP-g-GAPs), were synthesized via cross-linking reactions of PVTNP with three different molecular weight GAPs using toluene diisocyanate as the cross-linking agent. The structures of these energetic polymers were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectra (UV–Vis), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The glass-transition temperatures of these energetic polymers were measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, and the results showed that all the measured energetic polymers have two distinct glass-transition temperatures. The thermal decomposition behaviors of these energetic polymers were evaluated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric analysis tandem infrared spectrum (TGA-IR). The results indicated that all the measured energetic polymers have excellent resistance to thermal decomposition up to 200 °C, and the initial thermal decomposition was attributed to the breakdown of azide group. Moreover, the sensitivity properties of these energetic polymers were measured with the national military standard methods and their compatibilities with the main energetic components of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)-based melt-cast explosive were evaluated by using the DTA method. The results indicate that these energetic polymers have feasible mechanical sensitivities and can be safely used with TNT, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB).Keywords:energetic polymer;poly(vinyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenylacetal)-g-polyglycidylazides;thermal stability;sensitivity property;compatibility
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LUMINESCENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 35
·期 8
·1277-1285
·
IF 1.855
Feifei Zhao,Tianyi Zhang,Yu Yang,Changli Lü
Carbon dots (CDs) have drawn increasing interests due to their unique optical properties and promising application in various fields. In this study, citric acid (CA) and 5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (LQ) were used to synthesize nitrogen-doped CDs as novel fluorescent probes using a one-step solvothermal route. The as-prepared CDs had strong blue-white fluorescence emission when excited at 405 nm wavelength with a quantum yield (QY) of 25%, behaving with high ion concentration stability. Water-soluble CDs with a 8-hydroxyquinoline structure on their surface could be used to detect Al 3+ using a ‘turn on’ mechanism and trinitrophenol (TNP) using a ‘turn off’ mechanism with detection limits of 229 nM and 44.4 nM, respectively. Al 3+ enhances the fluorescence of CDs by forming a coordination complex to generate a fluorescence synergistic role and limit CD nonradiative transition. TNP quenched the fluorescence with high selectivity and sensitivity, which was attributed to the inner filter effect and static quenching. These results indicated that these CDs with their unique ‘turn on’ and ‘turn off’ nature have potential application in the environmental protection field and in prevention of terrorist threats.
研究领域:
材料科学
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分析化学
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环境科学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Advanced Research
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Chunhua Huang,Cheng Lyu,Heung-Lam Mok,Yiqi Xu,Ka-Wing Cheng,Cheng Zhang,Die Hu,Lin Zhu,Chengyuan Lin,Xin Chen,Hor-Yue Tan,Zhaoxiang Bian
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance to luminal antigens and progressive intestinal tissue injury. Thus, the re-establishment of immune tolerance is crucial for suppressing aberrant immune responses and UC progression. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the action of CDD-2103 and its bioactive compounds in mediating immune regulation in mouse models of colitis. Methods Two experimental colitis models, chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- and T-cell transfer-induced Rag1 -/- mice, were used to determine the effects of CDD-2103 on colitis progression. Single-cell transcriptome analysis was used to profile the immune landscape and its interactions after CDD-2103 treatment. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the major components interacting with lymphoid cells. A primary cell co-culture system was used to confirm the effects of bioactive component. Results CDD-2103 dose-dependently suppresses the progression of colitis induced by chemicals or T cell transplantation in Rag1 -/- mice. The effect of CDD-2103 is primarily attributable to an increase in the de novo generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lamina propria (LP). Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that CDD-2103 treatment increased the number of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs). Mechanistically, CDD-2103 promoted tolerogenic DCs accumulation and function by upregulating several genes in the electron transport chain related to oxidative phosphorylation, leading to increased differentiation of Tregs. Further LC-MS analysis identified several compounds in CDD-2103, particularly those distributed within the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice. Subsequent studies revealed that palmatine and berberine promoted tolerogenic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC)-mediated Treg differentiation. Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrated that the clinically beneficial effect of CDD-2103 in the treatment of UC is based on the induction of immune tolerance. In addition, this study supports berberine and palmatine as potential chemical entities in CDD-2103 that modulate immune tolerance.
研究领域:
免疫学
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药理学
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胃肠病学
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分子生物学
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细胞生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2019
·
IF 6.393
Wenjing Qi,Yuling Fu,Hongkun He,Maoyu Zhao,Di Wu,Lin Qi,Lianzhe Hu,Rong Li
It is the first time to develop electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECRET) strategy using luminol-doped silica nanoparticles (luminol-SiNPs) for both “turn-off” detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and “turn-on” detection of anesthetic drug lidocaine hydrochloride (LDC). The spectral overlap of ECL emission of luminol-SiNPs with the absorption of TNP triggers ECRET from luminol-SiNPs to TNP and results in the decreased ECL signals. Besides, the specific interaction between TNP and LDC consumes TNP, accordingly prevents ECRET from luminol-SiNPs to TNP and achieves increasing ECL signals. The proposed ECRET strategy using luminol-SiNPs exhibits fast response (within 10 min), high sensitivity with LOD of 22.4 nM for TNP and 92.5 nM for LDC, respectively. It is also successfully applied in ECRET detection of TNP in lake water, LDC in human serum and commercial drug sample detections with satisfactory recoveries. More importantly, ECL of luminol-SiNPs is measured via linear sweep voltammetry by electrochemical reduction of dissolved oxygen at negative potential (– 1 V) and in no need of adding hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Reactive oxygen species be generated in situ and make luminol-SiNPs system emit ECL, which makes ECL of the whole luminol-SiNPs system more stable than luminol-H 2 O 2 system.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
纳米技术
·
环境科学
·
药物分析
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2016
·Vol. 4
·期 29
·7083-7092
·
IF 5.066
Yajiao Song,Jianhua Lü,Bingxin Liu,Changli Lü
Thermo-responsive block copolymer brushes of PNIPAM-b-P(MQ-co-GMA) were successfully grafted from graphene oxide (GO) by consecutive reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization based on the monomers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), 5-(2-methacryloyl-ethyloxymethyl)-8-quinolinol (MQ) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The 8-hydroxyquinoline units in the polymer brushes could coordinate with Al3+ to form green luminescent copolymer brushes containing tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) on the GO surface. The resulting fluorescent hybrid could be used as a nano-platform for the sensitive and robust detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The green fluorescence of the polymer brush modified GO hybrid in aqueous solution could be quenched by TNP via charge transfer and the observed linear fluorescence intensity change allowed the quantitative detection of TNP with a detection limit down to 2.38 × 10−9 M. The fluorescent nanohybrids exhibited a robust temperature-responsive behavior as a result of the conformation change in PNIPAM chains of polymer brushes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
纳米技术
·
分析化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）