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Zwitterionic polymer grafted nano-SiO2 as fluid loss agent for high temperature water-based drilling fluids

Shaocong Pang,Yang Xuan,Lina Zhu,Yuxiu An

With the advancement of ultra-deep well technology, there has been an increased demand for enhanced high-temperature stability in water-based drilling fluids. To address this challenge, this study has developed a novel polymer nanocomposite (AAND-S) to augment the thermal stability of polymeric fluid loss additives in WBDF. AAND-S was synthesized through aqueous radical polymerization, consisting of zwitterionic polymers with rigid anionic groups and strong cationic adsorption groups, grafted with modified silica nanoparticles. The structure of AAND-S was characterized by infrared and thermogravimetric analyses. The performance of drilling fluids containing AAND-S was evaluated under high-temperature aging conditions at 220 ℃. Notably, the Herschel-Bulkley model provided a more accurate description of the behavior of this non-Newtonian fluid. Specifically, after aging at 220 ℃, the fluid loss of the base mud with AAND-S was reduced to 12.25 mL. Additionally, AAND-S exhibited good salt tolerance up to 25 % NaCl solution. The compatibility of AAND-S was also excellent, enabling it to synergistically interact with other drilling fluid additives to form an efficient drilling fluid system that effectively minimized fluid loss. The mechanism of action of AAND-S was investigated through total organic carbon analysis, zeta potential measurements, and particle size analysis. It was found that AAND-S enhanced the adsorption capacity of bentonite, improving the stability of the colloidal solution and leading to a more uniform particle size distribution. Further SEM microstructural analysis confirmed that the incorporation of AAND-S facilitated the formation of high-quality filter cakes with a dense surface and minimal permeability at elevated temperatures. In conclusion, AAND-S, as a high-performance fluid loss additive, is anticipated to play a significant role in drilling operations in ultra-high temperature formations.