The flame retardant dicyclohexenyl aluminum hypophosphite (ADCP) and nano-silica are added to PA66 to improve flame retardant property of the composite. The flame-retardant property of the composite is tested via oxygen index test, vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry test. Combustion residues are tested using scanning electron microscopy, EDS spectroscopy, and Fourier infrared analysis. Results show that flame-retardant ADCP can effectively promote the formation of a porous carbon layer on the combustion surface of PA66. Nano-silica easily migrates to the material surface to improve the oxidation resistance of the carbon layer and the density of the carbon layer’s structure. It can also effectively prevent heat, flammable gases, and oxygen from entering the flame zone and enhance the flame retardant properties of ADCP.Keywords:nano-silica;ADCP;synergetic flame-retardant;PA66
Aberrantly glycosylated Mucin 1 (MUC1) is frequently over-expressed in epithelial cancers, making it an attractive target for cancer vaccines. Over the past two decades, multiple MUC1-based vaccines have been investigated clinically, yet they have generally shown limited efficacy due to challenges such as low immunogenicity, difficulty in overcoming immune tolerance, and potential issues related to glycosylation effects and antigen presentations. To advance the understanding of MUC1 vaccines, we report an efficient chemo-enzymatic approach for the preparation of four MUC1 antigen variants with different glycoforms through liquid-phase glycopeptide synthesis. These antigen were conjugated with CRM197 to generate various glycopeptide-protein conjugate vaccines, and their immunogenicity was evaluated based on total and subtype antibody titers, binding affinity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The combination of MPL and QS21 adjuvants with STn-MUC1-CRM197 conjugate induced a potent Th1-biased immune response, evidenced by elevating IgG2a titers and stronger antibody binding to MCF-7 cells. This formulation demonstrated superior CDC activity, ADCP activity and binding affinity to human breast cancer tissues in immuno-histochemical assays. The synergistic effect of specific adjuvants and glycosylated MUC1 conjugates offers a strategic avenue for MUC1 cancer vaccine development.
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