Bingnan He,Xia Wang,Xini Jin,Zimeng Xue,Yinhua Ni,Jianbo Zhu,Caiyun Wang,Yuanxiang Jin,Zhengwei Fu
Studies have elucidated that pyrethroids induce adipogenesis. It is also known that macrophages can affect the homeostasis of adipose tissue. However, whether and how the β-cypermethrin (β-CYP)-mediated inhibition of the macrophages affects adipogenesis remain unknown. To explore the effects of β-CYP on adipogenesis through modulating the function of macrophages, 3T3-L1 cells, a preadipocyte cell line, were exposed to culture medium from either RAW 264.7 cells, a macrophage cell line (RM), or β-CYP-treated RAW 264.7 cells (CRM). CRM decreased the inhibitory effects of RM treatment on cell proliferation and adipogenesis, as lipid accumulation, the CEBPA content, and Fasn and Acaca expression in 3T3-L1 cells were higher following CRM treatment than following RM treatment through the higher levels of the demethylated CEBPA promoter in 3T3-L1 cells. However, the medium from β-CYP- and N-acetyl-L-cysteine-cotreated RAW 264.7 cells (CNRM) partially restored the inhibitory effects of RAW 264.7 cells on 3T3-L1 cells that had been reduced by CRM, indicating that β-CYP might reduce the cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of RAW 264.7 cells on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through elevating ROS levels in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, exposure to β-CYP downregulated the TNF-α secretion in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that β-CYP affected the function of RAW 264.7 cells, alleviating their inhibitory effects on adipogenesis and CEBPA demethylation in 3T3-L1 cells. β-CYP might achieve these effects through downregulating the secretion of TNF-α via elevating ROS levels in RAW 264.7 cells. Our experiments provide a new perspective on the obesogenic effect of pyrethroids.
As a common vegetable, Momordica charantia (M. charantia), also known as bitter melon, has the pharmacological activity of reducing blood sugar and body fat. This experiment explored the effect of M. charantia on the mice liver by adding freeze-dried M. charantia
to the feed intake of high-fat diet mice. Among the three groups of normal diet mice (Control), high-fat diet mice fed with lyophilized bitter melon powder (BM) and single high-fat diet mice (HFD), it was seen that the body weight of BM mice did not change apparently (p>0.05), while the
body weight of HFD mice increased significantly (p<0.01). Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of HFD mice was significantly higher than those of Control and BM mice (p<0.01). The results of
RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the transcription and protein expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylases alpha (ACACA) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes in HFD mice were significantly increased (p<0.01), while BM administration could reduce the transcription and expression of these
two genes (p<0.01). It is concluded that M. charantia powder alleviates the lipid metabolism disorder of liver in HFD mice via downregulating ACACA and FASN both in the transcription and protein expression levels, and thus exhibits protective effects for the liver.
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