IoT-enabled hierarchical thermoelectric nanocomposites for adaptive fire safety systems: Self-powered sensing and threshold-tunable alerts
Traditional early fire warning systems struggle to meet the active protection demands of complex scenarios of environmental interference. Developing fire warning technologies with fast-response, self-powered, and intelligent interlocking capability has become an urgent priority to enhance safety protection levels. This study synthesized a hierarchical nanocomposite material based on thermoelectric Ag₂Se and polydopamine@carbon nanotubes (PDA@CNT). This composite was subsequently applied to the surface of mechanically strong and thermally stable Poly( p -phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber films to fabricate a dual-layer fire warning film. The output voltage of the composite film exhibited a strong linear relationship with temperature and can achieve over 100 cycles of repeatable fire warnings. The system can issue an fire warning signal within 1 s upon exposure to a heating stage at 200 °C. In combination with Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), the hierarchical nanocomposite material was applied to the surface of a flammable wood to construct a flame-retardant-early-warning structure. The treated wood achieved UL-94 V0, and 45.5 % and 42.1 % reductions in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR), respectively., while retaining its sensitive fire warning functionality with an issuing signals within 4 s upon contact with a heating stage at 100 °C. By integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a wireless intelligent thermoelectric response fire warning system with adjustable thresholds was developed, enabling rapid fire detection and real-time wireless transmission of fire warning signals. Voltage signals can be monitored in real-time via OLED displays and mobile devices, and the adjustable fire warning threshold voltage demonstrates flexibility in adapting to diverse application scenarios, showcasing the great potential for next-generation intelligent IoT-based fire warning applications.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）