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A portable test strip fabricated of luminescence lanthanide-functionalized metal-organic frameworks for rapid and visual detection of tetracycline antibiotics

Tingxia Li,Zhongxiu Chen,Zhongshuai Zhao,Zhongde Liu

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of infections, but their overuse has a negative impact on human health and ecosystems. Thus, the development of a facile and on-site visualization method for TCs detection is necessary. Here, we propose the potential of using the lanthanide-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) composites (Ag+/Tb3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2, ATUC) as a probe for the rapid detection of tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DOX) residues, in which the UiO-66-(COOH)2 (UC) could be utilized to provide an interaction microenvironment, Tb3+ as recognition units and Ag+ as fluorescence enhancer. Upon exposure to TCs, significant luminescence quenching of ATUC excited at 255 nm was observed due to the inner filter effect (IFE) and photo-induced electron transfer (PET), and the established strategy has a detection limit (LOD) of 11.0, 20.1, 9.1, and 22.5 nM for TC, CTC, OTC, and DOX, respectively. More importantly, given its portability and conspicuous luminescence color gradation variation, a portable test strip based on ATUC was manufactured and the results could be distinguished immediately by naked eyes and smartphone analysis, allowing for on-site rapid quantitative assay of TCs, not only in the laboratory but also in a point-of-care setting.