Non-corrosive organodichloro electrolyte for reversible aluminium metal batteries
The transition to clean energy necessitates the development of alternative or complementary battery chemistries to lithium-ion batteries. Aluminium (Al) metal batteries (AMBs) are a promising option owing to their high energy density and advantages in terms of abundance, recyclability, manufacturability and sustainability. However, state-of-the-art AMBs rely primarily on electrolytes featuring chloroaluminate anions such as Al 2 Cl 7 − . Unfortunately, such electrolytes create a disparity between achievable energy density and potential, in addition to having high corrosivity, high cost, high viscosity and poor transport kinetics. Here we break this paradigm by formulating an organochloro electrolyte with AlCl 3 salt in dipropyl ether (DPE) solvent. Notably, this AlCl 3 /DPE electrolyte shows no corrosion behaviour towards stainless steel current collectors during 90-day soaking. It enables stable cycling of the Al anode for over 2,000 h at 0.2 mA cm −2 and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.85%, and prototype Al//Mo 6 S 8 full cells survive 300 cycles. Underlying these unprecedented performances is the unique organochloro solvation structure, AlCl 2 (DPE) 2 + , which is desolvatable and immobilizes free Cl − . By extending the horizon of electrolyte design into the organic domain, this work addresses the notorious issues facing AMBs and paves the way for the implementation of multivalent rechargeable batteries.
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