JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2016
·Vol. 21
·期 2
·469-476
·
IF 2.327
Li Min,Gao Bingliang,Liu Chengyuan,Chen Wenting,Wang Zhaowen,Shi Zhongning,Hu Xianwei
AlCl 3 /amide (acetamide, propionamide, butyramide) ionic liquids were used as the electrolytes to study the electrodeposition behavior of aluminum on a tungsten electrode. Cyclic voltammograms on the tungsten electrode indicate that Al(III) ions can be reduced to aluminum only within the molar ratio range of 1.1 to 1.5 and the reduction potentials of Al(III) ions strongly depend on the molar ratio of AlCl 3 /amide. Raman spectra results reveal that the electroactive specie of AlCl 3 /amide ionic liquids is Al 2 Cl 7
− . Aluminum coatings were prepared at −0.25 V (vs. Al/Al 3+ ) and at 313 K in AlCl 3 /amide ionic liquids with the molar ratio of 1.3. The SEM and cross-sectional SEM images show that all the obtained aluminum films are silver-colored, thick, and adherent. The EDS and XRD analysis confirm that the obtained deposits are pure aluminum. The present results can provide a new route for aluminum electrodeposition under ambient conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Xin Zhang,Langyue Pan,Aimin Liu,Zhongning Shi
The effect of the AlCl 3 content on the solubility, conductivity, ionic structure, and electrochemical behavior of Al in the 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone-aluminum chloride (DMI-AlCl 3 ) electrolyte system was studied. The results indicate that when the molar ratio of AlCl 3 to DMI is less than 1.0, there are anions [AlCl 4 ] − , cations [AlCl 2 (DMI) 4 ] + , and neutral molecules [AlCl 3 (DMI) 2 ] in the system. When the molar ratio is greater than 1.0, [AlCl 4 ] − will react with AlCl 3 and form [Al 2 Cl 7 ] − . As the molar ratio increases, the conductivity of the system gradually decreases, the concentration of [Al 2 Cl 7 ] − ion increases and under the same conditions, the electrodeposited products increase. After adding MgCl 2 in the DMI-AlCl 3 ( x = 1.6) system, the structure of aluminum ions in the system will change, and magnesium exists in the form of [MgCl(DMI) 4 ] + . The cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry results show that the electrochemical reduction of aluminum and magnesium is controlled by diffusion. The XRD and XPS results indicate that magnesium exists in the form of Al 12 Mg 17 in the deposits, with a content of approximately 6.4 wt%.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 7.312
Baoguo Zhang,Li Wang,Yubao Liu,Yongjian Zhang,Lipeng Zhang,Zhongning Shi
Reliable access to Nd-containing mineral resources and their effective future use and recycling are crucial for the sustainable development of industries based on rare earth metals. As a precursor for room-temperature Nd electrodeposition, NdCl 3 is advantageous due to its abundance, low cost, and high availability; however, it is poorly soluble in most specialized ionic liquids and is therefore not widely used in solvometallurgical processes. Herein, we develop a practical means of Nd electrodeposition from a solution of NdCl 3 and AlCl 3 in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, revealing that Al electrodeposition does not occur at the employed AlCl 3 concentration. Instrumental and electrochemical techniques are used to confirm the electrodeposition of Nd on high-purity Al substrates, and together with theoretical calculations, these techniques are employed to probe the mechanism of NdCl 3 dissolution, the electrolyte structure/composition, and the electrochemical behavior of the Nd-containing electroactive species. Our findings provide a strategy and theoretical basis for the cost-effective electrowinning of rare earth metals from their chlorides as upstream precursors.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2021
·
IF 3.764
Luo Wu,Rui Zhang,Yaning Zhang,Haiyan Liu,Zhichang Liu,Chunming Xu,Xianghai Meng
Aluminum species in AlCl3–arene and AlCl3–CuCl–arene solutions (including benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and mesitylene) were investigated using 27Al NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The AlCl3·arene and Al2Cl6·arene complexes were demonstrated experimentally. AlCl3 could not coordinate with benzene and toluene at a low temperature (40 °C) but could form complexes at a high temperature (80 °C). AlCl3 could coordinate with xylene and mesitylene to form Al2Cl6·arene complexes at both low and high temperatures (40 and 80 °C). As for AlCl3–CuCl–arene solutions with a molar ratio of 1:1:2, two signals were observed in 27Al NMR spectra. The signal at around 101 ppm was assigned to CuAlCl4·2arene complexes, and the other signal at around 96 ppm belonged to AlCl3·arene complexes. The characteristic peaks of AlCl3–CuCl–arene solutions in IR spectra moved toward the low field due to the strong π-back-bonding. The CuAlCl4·2arene complexes would convert to CuAl2Cl7·2arene complexes with a further increase in AlCl3 content when the molar ratio of AlCl3/CuCl exceeded 1. The synthesis mechanism of AlCl3–CuCl–arene solutions was analyzed by in situ Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. Three reaction pathways originating from different aluminum species were proposed.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy
·
2014
·Vol. 8
·期 4
·437-443
·
IF 0.586
Wang Wenju,Ren Junli,Li Huiling,Peng Feng,Sun Runcang,Liu Shijie
A feasible and environmental-friendly approach was developed for the dehydration of xylose into furfural using AlCl3-dominant catalysts in a homogeneous DMSO/H2O system. Results showed that the paired chlorides (AlCl3/KCl) in the molar fraction (χAlCl3
)
of 0.6 displayed the better catalytic performance than the single AlCl3 and the other paired chlorides. The influences of catalyst amount, reaction temperatures as well as xylose concentration on the dehydration of xylose into furfural were studied. The effects of co-solvents (DMF,
DMI, DMAC and NMP) on the production of furfural were also investigated. DMSO exhibited the better enhancement effect and the desirable DMSO/water volume ratio was 5:5, indicating DMSO could efficiently suppress the side reaction and enhance the selectivity. The maximum furfural yield of 43.6%
with xylose conversion of 97.9% and the selectivity of 44.6% was achieved at 170°C for 2 h with a total catalyst/xylose molar ratio of 0.5 at the solid to liquid ratio of 1:10.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
生物质转化
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 21
·11986-11995
·
IF 3.049
Tianhang Luo,Xuebing Xu,Maoqiang Jiang,Ying-zhou Lu,Hong Meng,Chun-xi Li
Polyacetylene (PA) was synthesized for the first time under mild conditions via polymerization of acetylene in n-octane with AlCl3 as a catalyst, whereby a series of PA-derived carbon materials were obtained. Their composition and structure were characterized and their electrochemical performance was evaluated systematically. It is found that acetylene gas at 1 MPa can polymerize explosively at room temperature under catalysis of AlCl3, forming acetylene black-like PA and a great amount of H2, while in the presence of n-octane solvent, acetylene polymerizes smoothly at higher temperature (30 to 300 °C), forming PA with a H(CHCH)nH structure. A series of PA-derived carbon materials are obtained by treating PA with KOH at 800 °C. The as-synthesizzed PA-100–KOH exhibits a high specific surface area (∼2500 m2 g−1), high specific capacitance (241 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and 143 F g−1 at 5 A g−1), low AC resistance, and good cycling stability with 91.7% maintenance of capacity after 2000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1. This paper provides a new method for the facile synthesis of PA and a novel carbon source for supercapacitor electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance and practical application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Kexin Li,Mingzhe Dong,Li Han,Mingzhen Li,Huifang Zhang,Xiushen Ye,Haining Liu,Siyuan Zhang,Quan Li,Honghui Liu,Guosheng Shi,Zhijian Wu
The electrolytic production of magnesium metal requires anhydrous MgCl 2 with a high-purity, which is usually prepared through the dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O at a relatively high temperature. The Mg 2+ cations in MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O have a high affinity for water and the complete dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O is difficult due to the hydrolysis of the hydrated Mg 2+ cations. The hydrolysis usually results in the formation of unwanted oxycompounds of magnesium. In this study, the effects of the addition of AlCl 3 and NH 4 Cl on the dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O were investigated by comparing the thermal decomposition processes of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O/AlCl 3 , and MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O/NH 4 Cl, using Raman, FT-IR, TG-DSC, XRD techniques and theoretical calculations. It was found that the addition of AlCl 3 or NH 4 Cl significantly reduces the dehydration energy barrier of MgCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O, decreases the dehydration temperature, and suppresses the hydrolysis of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O. Anhydrous AlCl 3 can extract water from MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O at room temperature. The interactions between Al 3+ or NH 4 + and H 2 O, together with the substitution of Cl - for H 2 O, result in the easier production of anhydrous MgCl 2 . During the dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, several impurities including MgO are generated, indicating that the environment remains to be an important controlling factor for the dehydration of MgCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O. The results obtained would be helpful for understanding the dehydration processes and mechanisms of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O under the assistance of AlCl 3 and NH 4 Cl, and for exploring new techniques for MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O dehydration.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL PAPERS
·
2016
·Vol. 70
·期 12
·1649-1657
·
IF 1.326
Zhi-Lei Xu,Xiao-Yue Wang,Mei-Yu Shen,Chang-Hai Du
In combination with non-corrosive and low-toxic boric acid, AlCl3 ·6H2O was found to be effective for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from glucose. In this work, a 5-HMF yield of ≈ 60 % was obtained at 170°C for 40 min in a H 2 O/THF biphasic solvent mixture. An addition of NaCl not only improved the partition coefficients but also inhibited by-product formation. THF was identified as an ideal extraction solvent in biphasic systems containing C4 solvents. However, low concentration of ZnCl 2 , CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O, MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O were not suitable for the catalyst system, while ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 O, InCl 3 ·4H 2 O showed high activity for the reaction. Boric acid increased the amount of Lewis acid sites in the reactive phase and enhanced the isomerization of glucose to fructose. A mechanism of the AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O and boric acid catalyzed glucose dehydration reaction was proposed to proceed through the isomerization of glucose to fructose followed by the transformation of fructose to 5-HMF.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化反应
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2014
·Vol. 4
·期 76
·40352-40358
·
IF 3.708
Xing Li,Yong-De Yan,Mi-Lin Zhang,Yun Xue,Hao Tang,De-Bin Ji,Zhi-Jian Zhang
The electrochemical reduction of Nd(III) was investigated on an inert W and a liquid Al electrode in molten NaCl–KCl eutectic salt. On both W and liquid Al electrodes, the reduction of Nd(III) ions to Nd(0) metal occurred in a single reaction step, which avoids the corrosion reaction: 2Nd(III) + Nd → 3Nd(II). Therefore, corrosion of Nd metal in this molten chloride media is not expected. The co-reduction behavior of Nd(III) and Al(III) ions was studied on a W electrode in NaCl–KCl–AlCl3–NdCl3 melts. Five kinds of Al–Nd intermetallic compound were detected via cyclic voltammetry and open circuit chronopotentiometry. Intermittent galvanostatic electrolysis was employed on liquid Al electrodes to extract Nd in the form of Al–Nd alloys in NaCl–KCl–NdCl3 melts. Nd, AlNd3, Al2Nd, and AlNd phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). With the increase of electrolytic time, the content of Nd-rich Al–Nd intermetallic compounds in the Al–Nd alloy increased. The morphology and micro-zone chemical analysis of the deposits were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and the Al11Nd3 phase was confirmed by EDS analysis.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Coatings
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 7
·1246
·
IF 3.4
Wenjuan Qi,Desheng Ding,Weijie Luo,Weiliang Jin,Qian Kou,Chuntao Ge,Saijun Xiao
The hardness and wear resistance of amorphous Al–Mn alloy coatings can be improved by incorporating ceramic particles into them to extend their application. In this paper, Al–Mn/WC composite coatings have been prepared with electrodeposition in stirred AlCl3–NaCl–KCl–MnCl2molten salts at 180 °C with the addition of WC particles. The effects of stirring speed (400–700 rpm) and cathode current density (15–75 mA/cm2) on the produced Al–Mn/WC composite coatings have been studied. At 600 rpm and 700 rpm, the Al–Mn/WC composite coatings exhibited the best uniform distribution of the embedded WC particles, with the tested microhardness value up to 650 HV0.1, compared with 530 HV0.1of the Al–Mn alloy. Moreover, under various cathode current densities, the best quality of the Al–Mn/WC composite coating was obtained at 55 mA/cm2, with a homogeneous distribution of WC particles and the highest microhardness value (670 HV0.1). It is expected that this method could be extended to be applied for the preparation of aluminum-based and magnesium-based ceramic composite coatings.Keywords:AlCl3–NaCl–KCl–MnCl2molten salts;electrodeposition;WC particles;Al–Mn/WC composite coating
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER BULLETIN
·
2016
·Vol. 74
·期 5
·1817-1830
·
IF 1.371
Jiang Xiancai,Zhang Xi
In this paper, the chitosan/starch (CS/ST) cast films were prepared using AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O aqueous solution as the solvent for CS. AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O was retained in the CS/ST film acting as the plasticizer and glycerol were added to form the complex plasticizer with AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O. The effect of the complex plasticizer of AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O and glycerol on the crystalline, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of CS/ST films was studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal gravity analysis, and tensile testing, respectively. The results showed that AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O aqueous solution was a better solvent for CS than acetic acid aqueous solution which is the most commonly used solvent of CS. With AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O aqueous solution as the solvent, the thermal degradation of CS and ST in the dissolving process was weakened. Glycerol could form the synergism plasticizing effect with AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O. With the complex of AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O and glycerol as the plasticizer, the CS/ST film with the good mechanical properties could be obtained.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·Vol. 87
·期 2
·486-495
·
IF 1.745
Zhang Xiaokang,Zhang Rui,Jin Shuangling,Hu Zhen,Liu Yan,Jin Minglin
Alumina aerogels are prepared from the cheap AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O precursor by the sol-gel method using acetoacetic-grafted polyvinyl alcohol (acac-PVA) as a template and dispersing agent, and propylene oxide as a gelation initiator. The acac-PVA has a high dispersing ability for Al 3+ ion through complexation interaction and increases the content of AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O in sols to as high as 37 wt%, leading to the formation of wet gels without precipitate and crack, and little shrinkage. As-prepared alumina aerogels have high density, high mechanical strength, high mesoporosity, and high-surface area. The shrinkage in supercritical drying processes is greatly reduced. The specific surface area increases and pore size decreases with increasing the content of the acac-PVA in sols. The acac-PVA also acts as a template that provides nucleation sites for boehmite AlOOH particles and inhibits their growth. An excess content of the acac-PVA isolates secondary particles, weakens the interaction between them, and therefore decreases the Young’s modulus. Coarsening is not alleviated obviously after removal of the acac-PVA by high-temperature treatment in air, and the fine primary particles grow into nanorods with diameters of 10–20 nm and lengths of 30–70 nm.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）