RSC Advances
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 11
·6491-6496
·
IF 3.119
Rui-Feng Mei,Ya-Xian Shi,Wei-He Duan,Hao Ding,Xiao-Ran Zhang,Le Cai,Zhong-Tao Ding
α-Terpineol (1), the main volatile constituent in some traditional Chinese medicines, has been reported to be metabolized to 4R-oleuropeic acid by the larvae of common cutworms. The present study verified that α-terpineol could be converted to 4R-oleuropeic acid (2) and (1S,2R,4R)-p-menthane-1,2,8-triol (3) by Alternaria alternata fermentation. Using shortened fermentation times, 7-hydroxy-α-terpineol (2a) was identified as an oxidative intermediate, which was consistent with the hypothesis put forward by previous studies. Cytochrome P450 enzymes were also confirmed to catalyze this biotransformation. This is the first study on the biotransformation of α-terpineol by microbial fermentation.
研究领域:
微生物学
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药理学
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天然产物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.751
Jiali Yang,Tengfei Wang,Jianbing Di,Yaping Liu,Yu Wang
Recent progress showed the potential of glutamate to regulate stress responses by affecting phytohormones homeostasis , but much remains to be explored. To decipher the role of ethylene in glutamate-induced resistance to Alternaria alternata , ethephon application, ethylene perception inhibitor (1-MCP) experiment and ethylene measurement were pursued. Concurrently, temporal alteration in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways were transcriptionally analyzed in tomato fruit. Our data exhibited that ethylene conferred tomato fruit susceptibility rather than resistance to Alternaria alternata . The enhanced resistance in glutamate treatment was related to decreased ethylene production during the early stages of interaction, accompanied by lower expression levels of SlACS1 , SlACS2 and SlACO1 relative to the control. Interestingly, 1-MCP induced amounts of resistance similar to that observed in glutamate treatment, while ethylene receptors ( SlETR3 and SlETR4 ), mitogen-activated protein kinase SlMPK3 and ethylene response factor SlERF1 were down-regulated by glutamate during infection. Collectively, antagonizing the ethylene biosynthesis or signaling might play a pivotal role in glutamate-induced resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria alternata .
研究领域:
植物学
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植物病理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.3
Shuang Min,Jiaxin Liu,Canying Li,Tian Gao,Yajun Wang,Yonghong Ge
Black spot rot, caused by the pathogen Alternaria alternata , is a prevalent disease in apple cultivation. The present study investigated the effects of phenyllactic acid (PLA) immersion on black spot rot in apples and elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying its action. Results revealed that 1.00 g L -1 PLA inhibited the lesion development in A. alternata- inoculated apples. PLA resulted in a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while simultaneously increasing the levels of H 2 O 2 , ascorbic acid (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in apples. PLA also induced the increase in gene expressions and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate/coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in apples. Moreover, inoculation of both PLA-treated and control fruit with A. alternata led to a further increase in the levels of H 2 O 2 , GSH, and AsA, along with enhanced gene expressions and enzymatic activities of CAT, SOD, DHAR, GR, APX , MDHAR, POD, PPO, C4H, 4CL and PAL, compared to un-inoculated fruit. Additionally, PLA dipping increased total phenols and flavonoids contents in apples, and inoculation with A. alternata further augmented the accumulation of these bioactive compounds. Furthermore, PLA-treated fruit displayed a more rapid response to A. alternata inoculation compared to control fruit, characterized by heightened enzymatic activity, gene expression, and metabolite content. Collectively, PLA has the potential to stimulate disease resistance against A. alternata in apples through regulating major enzyme activities, gene expressions, and metabolites contents involved in reactive oxygen species and phenylpropane metabolisms.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 3.757
Rui-Feng Mei,Ya-Xian Shi,Jun-Li Gan,Si-Ping Deng,Hao Ding,Le Cai,Zhong-Tao Ding
Alternaria alternata is a critical plant pathogen, and the black spot caused by this fungus is the main cause of crop loss. In this study, four monoterpenes commonly found in plant essential oils, β -lonone, citral, γ -terpinene and myrcene, were found to possess a two-way interaction relationship with A. alternata . Four monoterpenes exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against A. alternata with MIC values of 128, 256, 512 and 256 μg/mL, respectively. However, when the concentration of monoterpenes in the culture medium was reduced to 1/4 MIC, A. alternata could facilitate the biotransformation of the aforementioned four monoterpenes by hydroxylation, dihydroxylation or carboxylation. These biotransformations were verified to be promoted by the P450 enzyme. Considering that none of the converted products showed inhibitory activity against A. alternata , these transformations were hypothesized to be self-protective mechanism of A. alternata . Expectedly, the combined use of P450 enzyme inhibitors and monoterpenes exhibited stronger antifungal activities, and could significantly inhibited black spot development in tomatoes. This work provides a reference for the development of effective antifungal agents.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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真菌学
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植物化学
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生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-14
·
IF 3.8
Long Lin Fang,Zhao Qi Fang,Zhang Fu Long,Tang Ran,Wei Jia Bao,Guan Shan,Chen Yan
The clinical effects of Schisandra chinensis against human disease are well-documented; however, studies on its application in controlling plant pathogens are limited. Here, we investigated its inhibitory effect on the growth of Alternaria alternata , a fungus which causes significant post-harvest losses on apples, known as black spot disease. S. chinensis fruit extract exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. alternata with an EC 50 of 1882.00 mg/L. There were 157 compounds identified in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, where benzocaine constituted 14.19% of the extract. Antifungal experiments showed that the inhibitory activity of benzocaine on A. alternata was 43.77-fold higher than the crude extract. The application of benzocaine before and after A. alternata inoculation on apples prevented the pathogen infection and led to mycelial distortion according to scanning electron microscopy. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 4226 genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated A. alternata -infected apples with benzocaine. Metabolomics analysis led to the identification of 155 metabolites. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that benzocaine may inhibit A. alternata growth via the beta-alanine metabolic pathway . Overall, S. chinensis extract and benzocaine are environmentally friendly plant-based fungicides with potential to control A. alternata .
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
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植物化学
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真菌生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·151
·
IF 4.2
Xianran Zhu,Shaoying Zhang,Youwei Yu,Shengwang Li,Chao Yang,Yuan Chang
Alternaria alternatais the main pathogenic fungus of postharvest black spots in fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to explore the antifungal activity of methionine onA. alternatain vitro and to reveal related antifungal mechanisms through a metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of L-methionine (Met) treatment on mycelium growth, spore germination, and the germ tube elongation ofA. alternatawere enhanced with an increase in the Met concentration, but the inhibitory effects decreased when the Met concentration was higher than 50 mmolL−1. The results of propidium iodide staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the Met treatment damaged the plasma membrane integrity of theA. alternataspores and caused an irreversible deformation of mycelium. In addition, after the Met treatment, the leakage of electrolytes, nucleic acid, and proteins in theA. alternatacells was significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the Met treatment increased the permeability of the cell membranes. Eighty-one different metabolites, divided into seven categories, were identified through the metabolomics analysis, including forty-three downregulated metabolites and thirty-eight upregulated metabolites. Among them, these differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid synthesis and metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle. Therefore, the antifungal effect of the Met treatment onA. alternatawas mainly to damage the integrity of the cell membranes, make nucleic acid and protein contents leak, and affect the TCA cycle, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis metabolism, and the metabolic pathways associated with cell membrane biosynthesis. Thus, the growth and development ofA. alternatawere inhibited. The research enriched the investigation of the effect of the antifungal mechanism of Met treatment onA. alternataand provided a theoretical basis for the application of Met to prevent and treat postharvest black spots in fruits and vegetables.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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微生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Feng Wang,Dongjie Liu,Ruijing Liu,Qin Wang,Gengsheng Xiao,Lukai Ma
Alternaria alternata is a common fruit-decaying fungus that is potentially hazardous to fruit quality and human health. In this study, volatile and non-volatile compounds in cherry quality after artificial inoculation with A. alternata during cold storage were investigated using HS-GC-IMS and LC-MS. After fungal exposure, cherry samples exhibited significant changes in fungal counts, fruit firmness, and total soluble solid. A total of 36 volatile compounds, including 15 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 5 esters, 4 ketones, 2 sulfur compounds, and 1 hydrocarbon were detected in the cherries by HS-GC-IMS. Changes in various aldehydes and sulfur compounds occurred in the early and middle storage stages, and changes in alcohols, esters, and ketones occurred in the middle-later storage stages. Seven types of non-volatile compounds were identified as key differential metabolites including 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid O-b-D-glucoside, 2-O-benzoyl-D-glucose, gluconic acid, D-glucuronic acid, malonic acid, portulacaxanthin II, and altenusin, which are involved in the biosynthesis pathways of glucose, glycoside compounds, betalain, and fungal metabolites. This study provides further understanding of the relationship between the contamination of A. alternata and the quality of cherry fruit and lays the foundation for preservation technology for fresh fruit.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物病理学
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DOI
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Hamza Tariq,Peiyu Chen,Gang Wang,Siyuan Xie,Lanning Wang,Jingkun Lv,Fei Wang,Muhammad Saqib Bilal,Abdur Rashid Khan,Nasir Ahmed Rajput,Danyu Shen,Daolong Dou
BACKGROUND Alternaria alternata is a globally distributed plant pathogen infecting >400 plant species. Trans -2-decenal is a notable plant-derived secondary metabolite with strong volatility and antifungal properties, although its specific activity and mode-of-action against A. alternata remain unclear. RESULTS Toxicity assays showed that trans -2-decenal inhibited A. alternata with a median inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 12.23 mg L −1 . Treated with trans -2-decenal resulted in hyphal abnormalities, reduced spore production and suppressed spore germination. Mechanistically, it disrupted fungal cell membrane integrity, as confirmed by propidium iodide staining and increased leakage of DNA and soluble proteins in conductivity assays. Further investigations revealed that trans -2-decenal disrupted redox homeostasis by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. DCFH-DA fluorescence staining showed elevated ROS levels, whereas antioxidant enzyme assays revealed dose-dependent changes, including decreased superoxide anion (O 2 . − ) and catalase (CAT) activity, and significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, collectively indicating oxidative stress and damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 2319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with gene ontology (GO) enrichment highlighting inhibition of pathways associated with oxidative stress response, transmembrane transport and ribosome biogenesis. Molecular docking further suggested interactions between trans -2-decenal and key antioxidant enzyme and membrane transporter of A. alternata . In vivo assays showed that 32 mg L −1 trans -2-decenal fumigation achieved protective and curative efficacies of 97.14% and 96.54%, respectively, against yam leaf spot disease. CONCLUSION Trans -2-decenal inhibited A. alternata through a multitarget synergistic mechanism, providing theoretical support for its development as a plant-derived biofumigant and a promising tool for the green management of A. alternata -induced diseases. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子植物病理学
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真菌生物学
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天然产物化学
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绿色防控
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 9.8
Liang Liu,Huaiyu Zhang,Junjie Wang,Yueli Zhou,Dayuan Chen,Ya Yang,Jing Li,Haotian Ma,Zhao-Jun Wei
Ursolic acid (UA) possesses antifungal activity against A. alternata , however, its poor solubility poses a challenge for practical application. We prepared UA nanoemulsions consisting of ethyl oleate, Cremophor EL, and Transcutol HP. The particle size of the UA nanoemulsions ranged from 20.53 to 27.88 nm. Electron microscopy revealed a nearly spherical structure. Fourier-transform infrared analysis proved that UA was successfully encapsulated, and the encapsulation efficiency ranged from 82 to 84%. UA nanoemulsions showed stable characteristics for 15 days of storage. The minimum inhibitory concentration of UA nanoemulsions against A. alternata was 0.8 mg/mL. UA nanoemulsions suppressed hyphal growth, reduced the spore yield and germination rate, and shortened the length of germ tubes in A. alternata . In vivo experiments confirmed that UA nanoemulsions could inhibit the goji berries and apple fruits infected by A. alternata . Collectively, these results demonstrate that UA nanoemulsion shows strong antifungal potential for postharvest rot control.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 2.1
Qu Huan,Yang Ershuai,Li Zongze,Li Yaoxuan
Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) exhibits potent antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata , yet its molecular mode of action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the key gene expression and phenotypic alterations in A. alternata after DMTS treatment to clarify its potential antifungal mechanism, and to provide insight into possible fungicidal targets. Given the pronounced antifungal activity of DMTS, transcriptomic analysis was performed to profile global gene expression changes in A. alternate following DMTS exposure, complemented by bioinformatics analysis and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation. A total of 2,321 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 934 up-regulated and 1,387 down-regulated genes. RT-qPCR validation confirmed that the gene expression trends were consistent with the transcriptomic data, supporting the reliability of the sequencing results. GO functional annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were associated with peroxisome formation, fatty acid β -oxidation, cellular ROS homeostasis, and energy metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In line with these transcriptional changes, DMTS exposure caused substantial intracellular ROS accumulation, impaired mitochondrial activity, reduced ATP production and DNA fragmentation, reflecting significant bioenergetic impairment and redox imbalance. Collectively, these findings suggest that DMTS inhibits fungal growth by disrupting peroxisome formation, mitochondrial function, and triggering excessive ROS-mediated oxidative damage. Simultaneously, DMTS impedes fatty acid β -oxidation and the TCA cycle, resulting in significant cellular ATP depletion. These combined effects ultimately inhibited the growth of A. alternata .
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Yuanyuan Chen,Yigui Zeng,Yi Li,Zimao Ye,Liulin Li,Zhiqin Zhou
Spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata ( A. alternata ) commonly occurs in postharvest pears, often resulting in severe rot and considerable economic losses. Here, citral, a natural compound, was found to exhibit potential inhibitory effects against A. alternata . The compound could markedly suppress mycelia growth, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.156 g/L, and simultaneously reduce pear fruit decay. Further analysis revealed that citral altered the hyphal morphology of A. alternata and damaged the integrity of cellular membranes, leading to the release of nucleic acids and proteins. In addition, citral treatment was found to inhibit antioxidant enzyme activity, induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and elevated the malondialdehyde level. It also resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in total cellular lipids, proteins, and sugars. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1658 upregulated and 2741 downregulated genes in the citral treatment group. Among them, genes related to cell membrane lipids, such as those involved in lipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and sphingolipid biosynthesis, were notably enriched. Citral also disturbed fungal energy metabolism by affecting glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle, and galactose metabolism pathways, which was also confirmed by metabolomic analysis. The results suggest that citral can effectively inhibit A. alternata growth by damaging membrane integrity, activating oxidative stress, and disturbing energy metabolism. Our findings provide new insights into understanding citral as a natural antifungal agent for controlling postharvest black spot disease in pears.
研究领域:
植物学
·
真菌学
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植物病理学
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食品科学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 1.7
Qu Huan,Dai Ludan,Guo Zhen,Wang Junjie,Zhang Xiu,Chen Wenjuan,Chen Yang
Lycium barbarum , is a medicine-food homology plant, so sustainable control of the postharvest Goji berry black mold caused by Alternaria alternata is particularly critical. In this paper, the impact of dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) on A. alternata was studied, as well as the effects of DMTS on hypha ultrastructure, membrane permeability, reactive oxygen production, and essential enzymes of the cellular defense system. DMTS was shown to significantly inhibit the spore germination and hyphal growth of A. alternata in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that A. alternata cells were separated between cytoplasm and cell wall, organelles such as mitochondria were vacuolate or even disappeared, and the cytoplasm was fused. PI staining, conductivity measurements, and intracellular nucleic acid and protein content measurements showed that the permeability of the cell membrane changed after DTMS treatment, leading to the leakage of intracellular nucleic acid and protein. DMTS could also cause the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA), thus causing membrane oxidative damage. Through directly destroying the fungal cell and indirectly inducing membrane damage, DMTS can control the postharvest Goji berry black mold, and is a potential application prospect in the control of postharvest diseases.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
食品科学
·
微生物学
·
农业化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
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