Efficacy of binary combinations between methyl salicylate and carvacrol against thrips Anaphothrips obscurus: laboratory and field trials
BACKGROUND Thrips Anaphothrips obscurus are one of the cosmopolitan major pests feeding on cereals and other grasses. In order to develop alternatives of chemical insecticides for thrips control, based on fumigant activity screening and evaluation of 22 essential oil (EO) compounds against the thrips, the binary interactions of methyl salicylate and carvacrol (MS-C) with high fumigant toxicity were studied systematically by bioassay and field trials. RESULTS The bioassay results showed that six in 22 EO compounds had high fumigant toxicity against both the second-instar nymphs and adults of A. obscurus , including methyl salicylate, carvacrol, thymol, trans -cinnamaldehyde, diallyl trisulfide, and L-perillaldehyde. Furthermore, the combination of methyl salicylate mixed with carvacrol at a volume ratio of 5:5 exhibited the most significant synergism against A. obscurus , with a poison ratio value of 1.32 and a co-toxicity coefficient of 151.15. The optimal formulation of microemulsion (ME) was composed of 5% methyl salicylate, 5% carvacrol, 46% adjuvant and 44% deionized water. The result of dynamic light scattering and stability showed that MS-C 10% ME was a transparent, single-phase and homogeneous liquid system. Field trials indicated that the ME displayed a significant control efficacy of about 89.17% on thrips in peppers, and 82.59% in broad bean on the seventh day post application with a dosage of 600.0 g A.I hm –2 , respectively. CONCLUSION The binary combination of MS-C possesses strikingly synergistic action against thrips A. obscurus , and the MS-C 10% ME has the potential to be developed as a botanical pesticide product for thrips control. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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